电动汽车制动能量回收试验台技术研究
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摘要
续驶里程短是制约电动汽车发展的一个关键因素,而制动能量回收技术在电动汽车上的应用可以降低其能耗,达到提高续驶里程的目的。制动能量回收试验台能够在新车开发出来之前为电动汽车制动能量回收系统的研究和开发提供完整的试验平台,因而研发电动汽车制动能量回收试验台具有重要意义。
本文以电动汽车制动能量回收试验台的研发为目的,通过对电动汽车用电机和电动汽车整车制动能量回收原理的分析,推导出电动汽车制动过程所受的行驶阻力与制动力的计算公式以及制动过程中理论上能够回收的制动能量;在满足试验台基本功能和要求的前提下,结合实验室建设的具体情况,参照大客车底盘综合试验台,制定了电动汽车制动能量回收试验台的总体设计方案,并根据总体设计方案进行了试验台结构与控制系统的设计;结合电动汽车用电机及其控制器试验相关标准的要求,提出了制动能量回收的台架试验方法。
Short cruise distance is a key factor which restrict the development of electric vehicles(EV), while the application of braking-energy recovery technique could be decrease energy consume of EV, attain the purpose that increase the cruise distance. Braking-energy recovery test rig could be offer a testing rig for studying and development of braking-energy recovery system of EV before the produce of new EV, therefore, study and develop braking-energy recovery test rig of EV have very important significance.
The purpose of this subject is study and develop braking-energy recovery test rig of EV. This paper analyzed the principles of braking-energy recovery about motor and whole vehicle of EV, gained the calculating formula for driving-resistance and braking-force in brake process of EV, calculated the recoverable braking-energy. With the precondition of satisfy basic function and demand of test rig, this subject considered the condition of laboratory, and consulted the motor coach chassis integration test rig, made collectivity design of braking-energy recovery test rig of EV. Based on the collectivity design, this paper designed the constructrue and control system of test rig. Considering the relative requirement about China's criterion of EV's motor and controller test, this paper introduced the rig testing method of braking-energy recovery.
本文以电动汽车制动能量回收试验台的研发为目的,通过对电动汽车用电机和电动汽车整车制动能量回收原理的分析,推导出电动汽车制动过程所受的行驶阻力与制动力的计算公式以及制动过程中理论上能够回收的制动能量;在满足试验台基本功能和要求的前提下,结合实验室建设的具体情况,参照大客车底盘综合试验台,制定了电动汽车制动能量回收试验台的总体设计方案,并根据总体设计方案进行了试验台结构与控制系统的设计;结合电动汽车用电机及其控制器试验相关标准的要求,提出了制动能量回收的台架试验方法。
Short cruise distance is a key factor which restrict the development of electric vehicles(EV), while the application of braking-energy recovery technique could be decrease energy consume of EV, attain the purpose that increase the cruise distance. Braking-energy recovery test rig could be offer a testing rig for studying and development of braking-energy recovery system of EV before the produce of new EV, therefore, study and develop braking-energy recovery test rig of EV have very important significance.
The purpose of this subject is study and develop braking-energy recovery test rig of EV. This paper analyzed the principles of braking-energy recovery about motor and whole vehicle of EV, gained the calculating formula for driving-resistance and braking-force in brake process of EV, calculated the recoverable braking-energy. With the precondition of satisfy basic function and demand of test rig, this subject considered the condition of laboratory, and consulted the motor coach chassis integration test rig, made collectivity design of braking-energy recovery test rig of EV. Based on the collectivity design, this paper designed the constructrue and control system of test rig. Considering the relative requirement about China's criterion of EV's motor and controller test, this paper introduced the rig testing method of braking-energy recovery.
引文
[1]梅小安,张乃平.世界电动汽车技术发展状况及趋势.汽车研究与丌发,2004.2
[2]王晓,顾平平.日见商机的电动汽车市场.汽车工业研究,2004.11
[3]李兴虎.电动汽车概论.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005.8
[4]胡骅,宋慧主编.电动汽车.北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[5]胡明一,胡伟.国内外电动汽车开发状况一览.汽车工业研究,2003.12
[6]钱立军等.电动汽车开发的关键技术及技术路线.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002.2
[7]中国电动汽车网.http://www.chinaev.com.cn
[8]Ito Jiro,Kumazawa Masatoshi,Ito Toshikatsu,Abe Satoshi.Optimization of DC feeding system for electric cars with regenerative brake.Quarterly Reportof RTRI,1995
[9]Wyczalek Floyd A,Wang Tsih C.Electric vehicle regenerative braking,Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,1992
[10]郑祖庆编译.美国混合动力车的开发与前景.城市公用事业,2003.9
[11]高海鸥,王仲范,邓亚东.PRIUS混合动力汽车驱动系统键合图建模仿真.武汉理工大学学报,2004.1
[12]Characterization and Comparison of Two Hybrid Electric Vehicles-Honda Insight and Toyota Prius.SAE,2001-01-1335
[13]曹秉刚,张传伟,白志峰,李竟成.电动汽车技术进展和发展趋势.西安交通大学学报,2004.1
[14]曾斌.世界电动汽车发展动态.中国机电工业,2002.9
[15]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[16]张培斌.电动汽车再生制动控制的研究与仿真.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.4
[17]闫大伟,陈世元.电动汽车驱动电机性能比较.汽车电器,2004.2
[18]陈清泉.现代电动车、电机驱动及电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.7
[19]顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[20]龙子俊.电机与拖动基础.北京:航空工业出版社,1993
[21]王振民.三相异步电动机的制动.北京:机械工业出版社,1996
[22]孙立志,陆永平.永磁同步电动机再生制动状态的分析与仿真.微特电机,1997.6
[23]黄斐梨,王耀明.电动汽车永磁无刷直流电机驱动系统低速能量回馈制动的研究.电工技术学报,1995-3
[24]Radun A V.Design considerations for the switched reluctance motor[J].IEEE Trans Ind Applicat,1995.5:1079-1087
[25]Ferreira C A,Jones S R,Heglund W S,et al.Detailed design of a 30-kW switched reluctance starter/generafor system for a gas turbine engine application[J].IEEE Trans Ind Applicat,1995.3:553-561
[26]Cardenas R,Ray W F.Asher G M.Switched reluclance generators for wind energy application[J].IEEE PESC,1885.1:559-564
[27]赵辉,李铁才,孙立志等.电池供电的永磁电动机系统的再生制动.电机与控制学报,1999.12
[28]万沛林主编.电动汽车的关键技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998
[29]刘博,杜继宏,齐国光.电动汽车制动能量回收控制策略的研究.自动化与仪器仪表,2004.1
[30]Takashi Yanase,Nobuaki Takada,Yuta Susuki Sadao Imai Evaluation of energy efficiency in series-parallel hybrid vihicle[A].In EVS 18 Technical paper[C].2001.
[31]余志生.汽车理论(第3版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.5
[32]Michael Panagiotidis,George Delagrammatikas Dennis Assanis Development and use of a regenerative braking model for a parellel hybrid electric vehicle[A].In SAE 2000World Congress[C].America michigan,2000
[33]余卓平,熊璐,张立军.电液复合制动匹配研究.汽车工程,2005.4
[34]刘博.基于纯电动汽车的制动能量回收系统的研究与实现.清华大学硕士学位论文,2004.5
[35]何仁,胡青训.带有制动能量再生系统的公共汽车制动过程.江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2005.9
[36]刘辉等.模块化建模方法及其在车辆传动系中的应用.计算机仿真,2002.05
[37]张付义.电动汽车试验台总体设计与技术研究.长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.5
[38]朱立平.ZD-10A汽车制动试验台的研制.自动化与仪表,1990.2
[39]张靖民主编.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1989
[40]陈焕江.汽车底盘测功和飞轮系统转动惯量的确定方法.汽车运输,1996.01
[41]陈焕江,郭晓汾.汽车底盘测功和飞轮系统转动惯量的确定方法.汽车运输,1993.2
[42]何凤江等.汽车底盘测功机反拖测试系统及飞轮组装置.汽车技术,2001.12
[43]喻谷源,龚家伟.汽车制动试验台测力能力的理论计算和试验验证.农业工程大学学报,1991.2
[44]徐灏.机械设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.1
[45]曹毅.335kw传动试验台测试及控制系统研究.北京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.3
[46]成大先主编.机械设计手册,单行本,轴及其联接.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.1
[47]张茂青主编.电机与电力拖动原理.苏州:苏州大学出版社,2001.4
[48]蔡军民,杨学强,张云华.浅谈无功补偿技术.江西能源,2006.1
[49]张卫刚等.电动汽车剩余电量的计算方法.运输工程学报,2004.1
[50]马以春.蓄电池综合测试系统的研制.测试与分析,2005.1
[51]刘剑.电动汽车蓄电池剩余电量的辨识研究.北京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.6
[52]章浩,陈立铭,汪悦生.蓄电池的剩余容量预测.
[53]赵兴福,王仲范,邓亚东,魏健.电动汽车蓄电池建模仿真.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2004.1
[54]FAGGIOLIE,RENAP,DANELV.et al.Supercacitors for the energy management of electric vehicles[J].Power Sourccs,1999
[55]宿忠民等编.国外电动车辆标准.中国汽车技术研究中心,2001.6
[56]GB/T 18488.1-2001.电动汽车用电机及其控制器试验条件.
[57]Mo-Hua Yang,Cheng-Hsing Hsieh,Bing-Ming Lin.Development of Li-ion Batery for Electric Bike Application.EVS 18 Berlin,2001
[58]Masato Origuchi,Norihiko Hirata,Kouhei Suzuki.Lithium-ion Batery Application to the Tino Hybrid.EVS 18 Berlin,2001
[59]Jorg Kumpers.Lithium Ion Bateries for Hybrid Vehicles and New Vehicle Power Supply Systems.EVS 18 Berlin,2001
[60]StephenW Moore,Greg Maclean.Control and Management Strategies for the Delphi High Power Lithium Batery.EVS 18 Berlin,2001
[2]王晓,顾平平.日见商机的电动汽车市场.汽车工业研究,2004.11
[3]李兴虎.电动汽车概论.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005.8
[4]胡骅,宋慧主编.电动汽车.北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[5]胡明一,胡伟.国内外电动汽车开发状况一览.汽车工业研究,2003.12
[6]钱立军等.电动汽车开发的关键技术及技术路线.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002.2
[7]中国电动汽车网.http://www.chinaev.com.cn
[8]Ito Jiro,Kumazawa Masatoshi,Ito Toshikatsu,Abe Satoshi.Optimization of DC feeding system for electric cars with regenerative brake.Quarterly Reportof RTRI,1995
[9]Wyczalek Floyd A,Wang Tsih C.Electric vehicle regenerative braking,Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,1992
[10]郑祖庆编译.美国混合动力车的开发与前景.城市公用事业,2003.9
[11]高海鸥,王仲范,邓亚东.PRIUS混合动力汽车驱动系统键合图建模仿真.武汉理工大学学报,2004.1
[12]Characterization and Comparison of Two Hybrid Electric Vehicles-Honda Insight and Toyota Prius.SAE,2001-01-1335
[13]曹秉刚,张传伟,白志峰,李竟成.电动汽车技术进展和发展趋势.西安交通大学学报,2004.1
[14]曾斌.世界电动汽车发展动态.中国机电工业,2002.9
[15]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[16]张培斌.电动汽车再生制动控制的研究与仿真.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.4
[17]闫大伟,陈世元.电动汽车驱动电机性能比较.汽车电器,2004.2
[18]陈清泉.现代电动车、电机驱动及电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.7
[19]顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[20]龙子俊.电机与拖动基础.北京:航空工业出版社,1993
[21]王振民.三相异步电动机的制动.北京:机械工业出版社,1996
[22]孙立志,陆永平.永磁同步电动机再生制动状态的分析与仿真.微特电机,1997.6
[23]黄斐梨,王耀明.电动汽车永磁无刷直流电机驱动系统低速能量回馈制动的研究.电工技术学报,1995-3
[24]Radun A V.Design considerations for the switched reluctance motor[J].IEEE Trans Ind Applicat,1995.5:1079-1087
[25]Ferreira C A,Jones S R,Heglund W S,et al.Detailed design of a 30-kW switched reluctance starter/generafor system for a gas turbine engine application[J].IEEE Trans Ind Applicat,1995.3:553-561
[26]Cardenas R,Ray W F.Asher G M.Switched reluclance generators for wind energy application[J].IEEE PESC,1885.1:559-564
[27]赵辉,李铁才,孙立志等.电池供电的永磁电动机系统的再生制动.电机与控制学报,1999.12
[28]万沛林主编.电动汽车的关键技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998
[29]刘博,杜继宏,齐国光.电动汽车制动能量回收控制策略的研究.自动化与仪器仪表,2004.1
[30]Takashi Yanase,Nobuaki Takada,Yuta Susuki Sadao Imai Evaluation of energy efficiency in series-parallel hybrid vihicle[A].In EVS 18 Technical paper[C].2001.
[31]余志生.汽车理论(第3版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.5
[32]Michael Panagiotidis,George Delagrammatikas Dennis Assanis Development and use of a regenerative braking model for a parellel hybrid electric vehicle[A].In SAE 2000World Congress[C].America michigan,2000
[33]余卓平,熊璐,张立军.电液复合制动匹配研究.汽车工程,2005.4
[34]刘博.基于纯电动汽车的制动能量回收系统的研究与实现.清华大学硕士学位论文,2004.5
[35]何仁,胡青训.带有制动能量再生系统的公共汽车制动过程.江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2005.9
[36]刘辉等.模块化建模方法及其在车辆传动系中的应用.计算机仿真,2002.05
[37]张付义.电动汽车试验台总体设计与技术研究.长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.5
[38]朱立平.ZD-10A汽车制动试验台的研制.自动化与仪表,1990.2
[39]张靖民主编.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1989
[40]陈焕江.汽车底盘测功和飞轮系统转动惯量的确定方法.汽车运输,1996.01
[41]陈焕江,郭晓汾.汽车底盘测功和飞轮系统转动惯量的确定方法.汽车运输,1993.2
[42]何凤江等.汽车底盘测功机反拖测试系统及飞轮组装置.汽车技术,2001.12
[43]喻谷源,龚家伟.汽车制动试验台测力能力的理论计算和试验验证.农业工程大学学报,1991.2
[44]徐灏.机械设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.1
[45]曹毅.335kw传动试验台测试及控制系统研究.北京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.3
[46]成大先主编.机械设计手册,单行本,轴及其联接.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.1
[47]张茂青主编.电机与电力拖动原理.苏州:苏州大学出版社,2001.4
[48]蔡军民,杨学强,张云华.浅谈无功补偿技术.江西能源,2006.1
[49]张卫刚等.电动汽车剩余电量的计算方法.运输工程学报,2004.1
[50]马以春.蓄电池综合测试系统的研制.测试与分析,2005.1
[51]刘剑.电动汽车蓄电池剩余电量的辨识研究.北京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.6
[52]章浩,陈立铭,汪悦生.蓄电池的剩余容量预测.
[53]赵兴福,王仲范,邓亚东,魏健.电动汽车蓄电池建模仿真.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2004.1
[54]FAGGIOLIE,RENAP,DANELV.et al.Supercacitors for the energy management of electric vehicles[J].Power Sourccs,1999
[55]宿忠民等编.国外电动车辆标准.中国汽车技术研究中心,2001.6
[56]GB/T 18488.1-2001.电动汽车用电机及其控制器试验条件.
[57]Mo-Hua Yang,Cheng-Hsing Hsieh,Bing-Ming Lin.Development of Li-ion Batery for Electric Bike Application.EVS 18 Berlin,2001
[58]Masato Origuchi,Norihiko Hirata,Kouhei Suzuki.Lithium-ion Batery Application to the Tino Hybrid.EVS 18 Berlin,2001
[59]Jorg Kumpers.Lithium Ion Bateries for Hybrid Vehicles and New Vehicle Power Supply Systems.EVS 18 Berlin,2001
[60]StephenW Moore,Greg Maclean.Control and Management Strategies for the Delphi High Power Lithium Batery.EVS 18 Berlin,2001