基于电流矢量的矩阵变换器—直接转矩控制系统研究
|
摘要
矩阵变换器能产生幅值、相位、频率均可调的输出电压,并且依靠其独特的双向开关能实现能量双向流通。将性能优良的矩阵变换器应用于异步电机直接转矩控制系统,组成矩阵变换器电机系统。矩阵变换器输入端电流性能差是矩阵变换器电机系统一个显著的缺点。为了改善矩阵变换器电机系统输入端电流特性,提出了一种简单有效的控制策略。
首先分析异步电机的数学模型和直接转矩控制系统结构,阐述矩阵变换器工作原理及其控制策略；然后着重分析电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的工作原理和过程,对其工作效果和选择策略进行详细分析和说明,并将电压空间矢量分为高、中、低三个等级。为了提高电压使用率,仅选用高和中电压矢量作为控制信号实现SVPWM。为了改善矩阵变换器输入端电流品质,引入电流矢量对其进行正弦化控制,提出电压电流矢量协调控制策略,以使得在保持直接转矩控制性能的同时,能得到高性能的输入端电流。
通过大量仿真实验,验证了此控制策略的有效性和矩阵变换器—异步电机系统的优越性能,既能保持矩阵变换器的理想特性,又兼有直接转矩控制的良好动静态性能,而且改善了输入端电流波形的正弦度。
另一方面,在不改变电压电流矢量协调控制策略的基础上,仅通过增加一个电压矢量选择控制表就实现了电机制动和能量反馈。将异步电机减速运转过程中的大部分机械能回馈流向电网,并且实现异步电机快速停车,这对节约能源具有重大意义。
Matrix converter can produce an output voltage with adjustable amplitude, phase and frequency, and the bidirectional switches can make the power flow in two ways.The excellent matrix converter is applied in direct torque control (DTC) system of asynchronous motor. It is called matrix converter-DTC bombined system. The input current of this system is with poor quality. An easy and effective control strage is proposed to improve the input current of this system
The mathematical model of the induction motor and the structure of DTC system are analyzed, the work principle and control strategies of matrix converter are introduced, and the working processes of the voltage space vector are analyzed in detail.The voltage vector is divided into high, middle and low level according to the amplitude. To improve the voltage usage, high and middle levels are selected as control signal to realize SVPWM.Current vector control was introduced to improve the quality of input current of matrix converter. The control strategy that coordinate voltage vector with current vector can keep the performance of DTC and maintain the input current performance.
The availability and superior performance of the system are verified through emulation in platform of MATLAB/Simulink. Both ideal characteristics of matrix converter and the good dynamic and static performance of DTC are retained, and the input current waveform is improved.
Besides, a new vector control list is added to realize the brake and motor energy feedback. The mechanical energy of synchronous motor can be reverse circulate to the grid, and stop asynchronous motor quickly, which is of great significance to save energy.
首先分析异步电机的数学模型和直接转矩控制系统结构,阐述矩阵变换器工作原理及其控制策略；然后着重分析电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的工作原理和过程,对其工作效果和选择策略进行详细分析和说明,并将电压空间矢量分为高、中、低三个等级。为了提高电压使用率,仅选用高和中电压矢量作为控制信号实现SVPWM。为了改善矩阵变换器输入端电流品质,引入电流矢量对其进行正弦化控制,提出电压电流矢量协调控制策略,以使得在保持直接转矩控制性能的同时,能得到高性能的输入端电流。
通过大量仿真实验,验证了此控制策略的有效性和矩阵变换器—异步电机系统的优越性能,既能保持矩阵变换器的理想特性,又兼有直接转矩控制的良好动静态性能,而且改善了输入端电流波形的正弦度。
另一方面,在不改变电压电流矢量协调控制策略的基础上,仅通过增加一个电压矢量选择控制表就实现了电机制动和能量反馈。将异步电机减速运转过程中的大部分机械能回馈流向电网,并且实现异步电机快速停车,这对节约能源具有重大意义。
Matrix converter can produce an output voltage with adjustable amplitude, phase and frequency, and the bidirectional switches can make the power flow in two ways.The excellent matrix converter is applied in direct torque control (DTC) system of asynchronous motor. It is called matrix converter-DTC bombined system. The input current of this system is with poor quality. An easy and effective control strage is proposed to improve the input current of this system
The mathematical model of the induction motor and the structure of DTC system are analyzed, the work principle and control strategies of matrix converter are introduced, and the working processes of the voltage space vector are analyzed in detail.The voltage vector is divided into high, middle and low level according to the amplitude. To improve the voltage usage, high and middle levels are selected as control signal to realize SVPWM.Current vector control was introduced to improve the quality of input current of matrix converter. The control strategy that coordinate voltage vector with current vector can keep the performance of DTC and maintain the input current performance.
The availability and superior performance of the system are verified through emulation in platform of MATLAB/Simulink. Both ideal characteristics of matrix converter and the good dynamic and static performance of DTC are retained, and the input current waveform is improved.
Besides, a new vector control list is added to realize the brake and motor energy feedback. The mechanical energy of synchronous motor can be reverse circulate to the grid, and stop asynchronous motor quickly, which is of great significance to save energy.
引文
[1]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[2]吕锋,牛金生.电机与控制[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2002,6
[3]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998,9
[4]陈伯时,陆海慧.矩阵式交-交变换器及其控制[J].电力电子技术,1999,1：8-11
[5]汤蕴璆,张奕黄,范瑜,等.交流电机动态分析[M].北京：机械上业出版社,2005
[6]DEPENBROCK M.Direct Self-Control(DSC)of inverter Fed Induction Machine[J].IEEE power Electron Conf(PES),1987:23～30
[7]李夙.异步电动机直接转矩控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1994：30-40,31
[8]陈伯时.矢量控制与直接转矩控制的理论基础和应用特色[J].电力电子技术,2004,2(1)：5-9
[9]胡虎,李永东.交流电机直接转矩控制策略-现状与趋势[J].电气传动,2004,11(3)：3-8
[10]冯江华,陈高华,黄松涛.异步电动机的直接转矩控制[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(3)：29-33
[11]李永东.交流电动机直接转矩控制策略综述[C].电气自动化学术年会报告,2002,34-36
[12]陈宝林,胡育文.异步电动机的无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统研究[J].航空学报,2000,21(3)：277-278
[13]李黎明.交流异步电机直接转矩控制的低速性能优化研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2005
[14]凌强,徐文立,陈峰.关于感应电机转速观测和转子电阻辨识的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(9)：55-62
[15]贾建强,韩如成,左龙.直接转矩控制系统的低速性能分析[J].电机与控制学报,2001,5(1)：24-26
[16]VENTURINI M,ALESINA A.The generalized transformer:A new bidirectional sinusoidal waveform frequency converter with continuously adjustable input power factor[C].In Conf. Rec.IEEE PESC'80,1980: 242～252
[17]李方园.变频器行业应用实践[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006,5
[18]WATTHANASARN C.Analysis and DSP-based Implementation of Modulation Algorithms for AC-AC Matrix Converter[J].IEEE PESC'96,1053～1058
[19]WHEELER P.A Low Loss Matrix Converter for AC Variable-Speed Drivers[J].EPE'93,27～32
[20]ALBERTO A,VENTURINI G.Solid-State Power Conversion:A fourier analysis approach to generalized transformer synthesis[J].IEEE Trans.on Circuit and System,1998,CAS-28(4):319～330
[2l]庄心复.交-交变频器的控制原理与实验研究[J].电力电子技术,1994,(2)：66-72
[22]孟彦京,商蓓,吴彦锐,等.矩阵变换器电机系统控制策略[J].电机与控制应用,2008,(35)：31-36
[23]李耀华,吴彦锐,商蓓,等.矩阵变换器电机系统直接转矩控制新方法[J].微特电机,2007,(7)：30-33
[24]陆海慧.矩阵式交-交电源变换器及其控制系统研究[D].上海：上海大学,1998
[25]CASADEI D,SERRA G,TANI A.Analytical investigation of torque and flux ripple in DTC schemes for induction motors[J].IEEE IECON,1997,97(37): 552～556
[26]陈伯时.矩阵变换器的发展与展望[J].电工技术杂志,2003,10：4-5
[27]朱贤龙.龚幼民,陈伯时.矩阵式变换器的研制现状与发展方向[J].电气传动自动化,1998,20(4)：3-7.
[28]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1989
[29]别红波.异步电机直接转矩控制研究与系统开发[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005
[30]张深基,梁炳寅,朱建林.矩阵变换器多电压矢量及在交流调速中的应用[J].电气传动,2008,38(6)：16-19
[31]黄立培,张学.变频器应用技术及电动机调速[J].北京：人民邮电出版社,1998：75-81
[32]CRISTIAN L,ION B,FREDE B.A modifed direct torque control for induction mortor sensorless drive[J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,2000, 36(1):122～130
[33]VAS P,STRONACH A F,NEUROT H M.Fuzzy control of DSP-based high-performance induction mortor drive[J].IEEE Proc Control Theory Appl,1997, 144(5):361～368
[34]VASIC V,VUKOSAVIC SLOBODAN N,LEVI E.A stator resistance estimation scheme for speed sensorless rotor flux oriented induction motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(4):476～483
[35]GARCIA SOTO G,MENDES E,RAZEK A.Reduced-order observers for rotor flux rotor resistance and speed estimation for vector controlled induction motor drives using the extended Kalman Filter Technique[J].IEEE Pro6Electr Power Appl,1999,146(3):282～288
[36]张桂新.异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的建模与仿真[J].中小型电机,2001,2(1)：25-27
[37]王斌.异步电机直接转矩控制系统的探讨与分析[D].四川：西南交通大学
[38]孙凯,周大宁,梅杨.矩阵式变换器技术及其应用[J].北京：机械工业出版社,2007：16-17
[39]陆海慧.矩阵式交-交变换器[J].电力电子技术,1997(2)：105-107.
[40]VENTURINI M.A new high switching rate direct frequency converter,italian patent,1979,207:70～79
[41]AKIO I,TAKESHI F,SHIGERU O.A novel control for forced commutated cycloconverters using instantaneous values of input line-to-line voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1991,38(3):166～172
[42]张志学,马皓.矩阵变换器的电流控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8)：61-66
[43]廖晓钟,邵立伟.直接转矩控制的十二区段控制方法[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(6):167～172
[44]王勇.矩阵变换器的空间矢量调制系统集成及应用研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2005
[45]WHEELEER P,GRANT D.Optimised Input Filter Design and Low-loss Switching Techniques for a Practical Matrix Converter [J].IEE1997
[46]黄科元.矩阵变换器空间矢量调制及应用研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2004
[47]DONALD G H,THOMAS A L.Implementation of a controlled rectifier using AC-AC matrix converter theory[J].IEEE Trans,1992,17(1):240～250
[48]JANG-HYOUNMY,BONG-HWAN K.Technique for Current Controlled AC to AC Converters[J].IEEE,Trans,On Industrial Electronics,1999,46(2): 309～318.
[49]ZUCKERBERGER A,WEINSTOCK D,ALEXANDROVITZ A.Simulation of Three Phase Loaded Matrix Converter[J].IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications,1996,143(4):294～300
[50]王田,钱平.基于MATLAB的三相矩阵变换器的建模与仿真分析[J].中国科技信息,2008,No.10：121-122
[51]周渊深.交直流调速系统与MATLAB仿真[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003
[52]JIMMIE J,CATHEY.电机原理与设计的MATLAB仿真[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[53]HISAO K,KOUKI M.Dsp-Based speed adaptive flux observer of induction motor[J].IEEE On Industry Application,1993,29(2):344～348
[54]GEORGE C V,SETH R S.Observers for flux estimation in induction machine[J].IEEE Trans on IE,1988,32(5):65～69
[55]沈本荫.现代交流传动及其控制系统[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1997：33-35.
[56]PATIRCK W,JOSE R,JON C,et al.Matrix converters:a technology review[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(2):276-288
[57]CHRISTIAN K,PETER N,ION B,et al.A New Matrix Converter-Motor (MCM) for Industry Applications[C].Proceed ofIAS'00,2000,3:1394～1402
[58]贺益康,潘再平.电力电子技术基础[M].浙江：浙江大学出版社,1995
[59]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第4版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[60]黄立培,张学.变频器应用技术及电动机调速[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1998：75-81
[61]施阳.MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2000
[2]吕锋,牛金生.电机与控制[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2002,6
[3]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998,9
[4]陈伯时,陆海慧.矩阵式交-交变换器及其控制[J].电力电子技术,1999,1：8-11
[5]汤蕴璆,张奕黄,范瑜,等.交流电机动态分析[M].北京：机械上业出版社,2005
[6]DEPENBROCK M.Direct Self-Control(DSC)of inverter Fed Induction Machine[J].IEEE power Electron Conf(PES),1987:23～30
[7]李夙.异步电动机直接转矩控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1994：30-40,31
[8]陈伯时.矢量控制与直接转矩控制的理论基础和应用特色[J].电力电子技术,2004,2(1)：5-9
[9]胡虎,李永东.交流电机直接转矩控制策略-现状与趋势[J].电气传动,2004,11(3)：3-8
[10]冯江华,陈高华,黄松涛.异步电动机的直接转矩控制[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(3)：29-33
[11]李永东.交流电动机直接转矩控制策略综述[C].电气自动化学术年会报告,2002,34-36
[12]陈宝林,胡育文.异步电动机的无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统研究[J].航空学报,2000,21(3)：277-278
[13]李黎明.交流异步电机直接转矩控制的低速性能优化研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2005
[14]凌强,徐文立,陈峰.关于感应电机转速观测和转子电阻辨识的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(9)：55-62
[15]贾建强,韩如成,左龙.直接转矩控制系统的低速性能分析[J].电机与控制学报,2001,5(1)：24-26
[16]VENTURINI M,ALESINA A.The generalized transformer:A new bidirectional sinusoidal waveform frequency converter with continuously adjustable input power factor[C].In Conf. Rec.IEEE PESC'80,1980: 242～252
[17]李方园.变频器行业应用实践[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006,5
[18]WATTHANASARN C.Analysis and DSP-based Implementation of Modulation Algorithms for AC-AC Matrix Converter[J].IEEE PESC'96,1053～1058
[19]WHEELER P.A Low Loss Matrix Converter for AC Variable-Speed Drivers[J].EPE'93,27～32
[20]ALBERTO A,VENTURINI G.Solid-State Power Conversion:A fourier analysis approach to generalized transformer synthesis[J].IEEE Trans.on Circuit and System,1998,CAS-28(4):319～330
[2l]庄心复.交-交变频器的控制原理与实验研究[J].电力电子技术,1994,(2)：66-72
[22]孟彦京,商蓓,吴彦锐,等.矩阵变换器电机系统控制策略[J].电机与控制应用,2008,(35)：31-36
[23]李耀华,吴彦锐,商蓓,等.矩阵变换器电机系统直接转矩控制新方法[J].微特电机,2007,(7)：30-33
[24]陆海慧.矩阵式交-交电源变换器及其控制系统研究[D].上海：上海大学,1998
[25]CASADEI D,SERRA G,TANI A.Analytical investigation of torque and flux ripple in DTC schemes for induction motors[J].IEEE IECON,1997,97(37): 552～556
[26]陈伯时.矩阵变换器的发展与展望[J].电工技术杂志,2003,10：4-5
[27]朱贤龙.龚幼民,陈伯时.矩阵式变换器的研制现状与发展方向[J].电气传动自动化,1998,20(4)：3-7.
[28]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1989
[29]别红波.异步电机直接转矩控制研究与系统开发[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005
[30]张深基,梁炳寅,朱建林.矩阵变换器多电压矢量及在交流调速中的应用[J].电气传动,2008,38(6)：16-19
[31]黄立培,张学.变频器应用技术及电动机调速[J].北京：人民邮电出版社,1998：75-81
[32]CRISTIAN L,ION B,FREDE B.A modifed direct torque control for induction mortor sensorless drive[J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,2000, 36(1):122～130
[33]VAS P,STRONACH A F,NEUROT H M.Fuzzy control of DSP-based high-performance induction mortor drive[J].IEEE Proc Control Theory Appl,1997, 144(5):361～368
[34]VASIC V,VUKOSAVIC SLOBODAN N,LEVI E.A stator resistance estimation scheme for speed sensorless rotor flux oriented induction motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(4):476～483
[35]GARCIA SOTO G,MENDES E,RAZEK A.Reduced-order observers for rotor flux rotor resistance and speed estimation for vector controlled induction motor drives using the extended Kalman Filter Technique[J].IEEE Pro6Electr Power Appl,1999,146(3):282～288
[36]张桂新.异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的建模与仿真[J].中小型电机,2001,2(1)：25-27
[37]王斌.异步电机直接转矩控制系统的探讨与分析[D].四川：西南交通大学
[38]孙凯,周大宁,梅杨.矩阵式变换器技术及其应用[J].北京：机械工业出版社,2007：16-17
[39]陆海慧.矩阵式交-交变换器[J].电力电子技术,1997(2)：105-107.
[40]VENTURINI M.A new high switching rate direct frequency converter,italian patent,1979,207:70～79
[41]AKIO I,TAKESHI F,SHIGERU O.A novel control for forced commutated cycloconverters using instantaneous values of input line-to-line voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1991,38(3):166～172
[42]张志学,马皓.矩阵变换器的电流控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8)：61-66
[43]廖晓钟,邵立伟.直接转矩控制的十二区段控制方法[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(6):167～172
[44]王勇.矩阵变换器的空间矢量调制系统集成及应用研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2005
[45]WHEELEER P,GRANT D.Optimised Input Filter Design and Low-loss Switching Techniques for a Practical Matrix Converter [J].IEE1997
[46]黄科元.矩阵变换器空间矢量调制及应用研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2004
[47]DONALD G H,THOMAS A L.Implementation of a controlled rectifier using AC-AC matrix converter theory[J].IEEE Trans,1992,17(1):240～250
[48]JANG-HYOUNMY,BONG-HWAN K.Technique for Current Controlled AC to AC Converters[J].IEEE,Trans,On Industrial Electronics,1999,46(2): 309～318.
[49]ZUCKERBERGER A,WEINSTOCK D,ALEXANDROVITZ A.Simulation of Three Phase Loaded Matrix Converter[J].IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications,1996,143(4):294～300
[50]王田,钱平.基于MATLAB的三相矩阵变换器的建模与仿真分析[J].中国科技信息,2008,No.10：121-122
[51]周渊深.交直流调速系统与MATLAB仿真[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003
[52]JIMMIE J,CATHEY.电机原理与设计的MATLAB仿真[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[53]HISAO K,KOUKI M.Dsp-Based speed adaptive flux observer of induction motor[J].IEEE On Industry Application,1993,29(2):344～348
[54]GEORGE C V,SETH R S.Observers for flux estimation in induction machine[J].IEEE Trans on IE,1988,32(5):65～69
[55]沈本荫.现代交流传动及其控制系统[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1997：33-35.
[56]PATIRCK W,JOSE R,JON C,et al.Matrix converters:a technology review[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(2):276-288
[57]CHRISTIAN K,PETER N,ION B,et al.A New Matrix Converter-Motor (MCM) for Industry Applications[C].Proceed ofIAS'00,2000,3:1394～1402
[58]贺益康,潘再平.电力电子技术基础[M].浙江：浙江大学出版社,1995
[59]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第4版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[60]黄立培,张学.变频器应用技术及电动机调速[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1998：75-81
[61]施阳.MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2000