武器装备制造能力储备模式研究
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摘要
高技术信息化战争环境下,武器装备制造系统呈现出需求规模与结构不确定性、高技术集成性、平战时期需求的不均衡性、战时保障的快速供应性、多品种变批量生产性以及军民结合性等复杂性特征。信息化战争环境下武器装备的需求特点与需求规律对其全寿命周期内各个阶段的运作方式、运作机制以及保障策略提出了全新的革命与挑战。我国长期以来实行的适应传统机械化战争的武器装备“预置储备”模式在新的需求状况下日益暴露出它的不适应性:其储备方式的静态性与刚性、运作成本的高负担性、军事目标的模糊性已不能保证国防安全和国家经济安全目标的实现。因此,产生了信息化战争对武器装备的“强需求”与现有制造系统的“弱能力”之间的矛盾,武器装备制造能力储备模式正是为了有效的解决以上矛盾而提出来的。本文基于“大制造”概念,围绕武器装备制造能力储备模式的涵义,综合运用敏捷动员理论、快速扩散理论、协同学等理论知识,对其理论体系与支持策略进行了研究。主要研究工作包括以下几个方面:
研究了武器装备制造能力储备模式框架。提出了制造能力的概念集成模型,给出了武器装备制造能力储备模式的涵义、特点与功能。其次从制造能力储备的目标侧,着重从时间维、成本维、质量维、柔性维和数量维5个角度分析了武器装备制造能力储备的目标体系。最后研究了制造能力储备模式的能力束体系,构建了包括目标侧和能力束的多维空间结构模型。
研究了武器装备制造能力储备模式的机理。首先分析了制造能力储备模式的现实溯源和理论溯源;研究了美国的“能力型”储备模式、中国传统的“预置型”储备模式、以及“哑铃型”结构和“小核心、大协作”结构的特点。其次分析了制造能力储备模式的需求约束机理和决策机理。
研究了基于研发的武器装备制造能力储备模式实现。研发能力是形成制造能力的强大技术基础。在国外军工企业研制模式分析的基础上,基于武器装备研发特点,运用松散耦合理论和细胞结构理论,提出了基于松散耦合系统的武器装备细胞式研发网络结构模型,分析了该模型的特点、松散耦合性及运作机理,该模型能够很好的提高研发速度、降低研发成本。其次,基于供应链理念,研究了武器装备的预研技术供应链模式,给出了预研技术供应链的涵义、分析了其特征以及预研的主要内容。最后在军民一体化环境下,建立了两用能力研发网络。
研究了基于两用技术流动的制造能力储备模式实现。两用技术流动是制造能力提升的“加速器”。基于流的观点,提出了两用技术流动的概念。在分析两用技术流动形式的基础上,建立了基于军民协同的国家创新体系基础之上的两用技术流动模式。针对两用技术流动过程中存在的问题,建立了技术-市场二维矩阵模型。最后研究了两用政策实施的数学模型以及两用政策体系。
研究了基于可拓制造“超网络”链的制造能力储备模式实现。可拓制造“超网络”链生产模式是形成制造能力的核心要素。结合可拓学与协同学理论,提出了可拓协同制造资源的概念,建立了武器装备可拓协同制造资源的集成模式,并给出了其可拓学选择方法。针对战时武器装备的变批量生产需求,提出了武器装备可拓制造“超网络”链结构模型,界定了该模型的内涵与特征,建立了模型的体系结构,对体系中的各个组成部分进行了系统分析。
研究了制造能力储备模式实现的支持策略体系。制造能力储备作为国防战略的提出,其理论体系的建立和运行需要一系列政策体系的支持。本章从武器装备的预案管理、“预备役”生产企业运行模式、以及武器装备动员运行管理模式等方面,给出了解决对策。
Under the environment of high-tech information war, the complicated characters of weapon and equipment manufacturing system are as follows: the uncertainty of the demand scale and structure, the integration of high-technology, the imbalance of demand at peacetime and wartime, quick response at wartime, muti-variety and scalable batch production and military-civil integration and so on. Demand character and demand rule of weapon and equipment under the environment of information war bring new revolution and challenge to the operative pattern, operative mechanism and supporting policies in full-time life cycle of weapon and equipment.In china , the pattern of“pre-reserve”adaptive to the mechanization war has emerged its disadaption: its static state and rigidity ,high burden of cost , illegibility of military aim ,and cannot ensure the realization of defense goal and national economy goal, wich brings the conflict between“strong demand”of weapon and equipment at wartime and“weak capability”of manufacturing system. So the theory of weapon and equipment manufacturing capability reserve is put forward to solve the above problems. Based on the concept of“great manufacturing”, encircling the meaning of manufacturing capability reserve, the theory system and policies are studied by use of the theory of agile mobilization, the theory of cooperation and quick extended manufacturing. The main work includes the following aspects:
1. Study on the pattern framework of weapon and equipment manufacturing capability reserve (MCR). The concept integration model of manufacturing capability is given, as well as the meaning and fuction and muti-traits of manufacturing capability (MC); and then from the view of goal measurement of manufacturing capability, especially, the time dimension, cost dimension, quality dimension, flexibility dimension and quantity dimension, the goal system of MCR is analysised. Lastly, the muti-dimension space structure model including goal system and capability bundle system is constructed. Weapon and equipment manufacturing capability under the environment of the Taihai war is studied.
2. Study on the mechanism of weapon and equipment manufacturing capability reserve. Firstly, the realism trace and theory trace of MCR pattern are analysised .Secondly, the“capable reserve pattern”in America, the“pre-reserve pattern”,“dumbbell structure”and“little core and great collaboration structure”in China are studied. And last the demand mechanism, restriction mechanism and decision mechanism are analysised.
3. Study on the realism of weapon and equipment MCR based on R&D. R&D capability is the technology foundation of manufacturing capability .First the R&D patterns of foreign countries are studied, then based on the characters of weapon and equipment R&D, the cellar R&D network model based on loosely-coupled system is built up, as well as the traits, loosely-coupled character and operation mechanism of it are studied by use of loosely-coupled theory and cellar structure theory .This model is helpful to enhance R&D speed and reduce R&D cost. Secondly, based on supply chain idea, the pattern and model and main contents of pre-technology supply chain are put forward .Finally, under the environment of military–civil integration, dual-use capability R&D network is constructed.
4. Study on the realism of manufacturing capability reserve based on dual-use technology flow. Dual-use technology flow is the“accelerator”of manufacturing capability. Based on the view of“flow”, the concept of dual-use technology flow is brought forward. On the base of many patterns of dual-use technology flow, the dual-use technology flow pattern based on military-civil cooperation national innovation system is given. Then the strategic analysis framework of technology-market two-dimension matrix is constructed to solve the problems of dual-use technology flow. Finally the dual-use policy maths model and dual-use policy system are given.
5. Study on the realism of manufacturing capability reserve based on extended manufacturing“super-network”chain. It is the core factor of manufacturing capability. Combining the extended theory and cooperation theory, the concept of exended cooperative manufacturing resource is given firstly, as well as the integration pattern and the extended selection method of it are constructed.Under the demand of scalable batch production at wartime, the model of weapon and equipment extended cooperative manufacturing“supernetwork”chain structure, the meaning and the traits of it are depicted in detail. The system structure of the model is given and all parts of it are analysised.
6. Study on supporting policy of manufacturing capability reserve pattern. As a new defence strategy, manufacturing capability reserve needs a series of policies. This chapter mainly discussed the pre-case management system and“pre-equiped enterprise”operative pattern, and mobilization management pattern.
研究了武器装备制造能力储备模式框架。提出了制造能力的概念集成模型,给出了武器装备制造能力储备模式的涵义、特点与功能。其次从制造能力储备的目标侧,着重从时间维、成本维、质量维、柔性维和数量维5个角度分析了武器装备制造能力储备的目标体系。最后研究了制造能力储备模式的能力束体系,构建了包括目标侧和能力束的多维空间结构模型。
研究了武器装备制造能力储备模式的机理。首先分析了制造能力储备模式的现实溯源和理论溯源;研究了美国的“能力型”储备模式、中国传统的“预置型”储备模式、以及“哑铃型”结构和“小核心、大协作”结构的特点。其次分析了制造能力储备模式的需求约束机理和决策机理。
研究了基于研发的武器装备制造能力储备模式实现。研发能力是形成制造能力的强大技术基础。在国外军工企业研制模式分析的基础上,基于武器装备研发特点,运用松散耦合理论和细胞结构理论,提出了基于松散耦合系统的武器装备细胞式研发网络结构模型,分析了该模型的特点、松散耦合性及运作机理,该模型能够很好的提高研发速度、降低研发成本。其次,基于供应链理念,研究了武器装备的预研技术供应链模式,给出了预研技术供应链的涵义、分析了其特征以及预研的主要内容。最后在军民一体化环境下,建立了两用能力研发网络。
研究了基于两用技术流动的制造能力储备模式实现。两用技术流动是制造能力提升的“加速器”。基于流的观点,提出了两用技术流动的概念。在分析两用技术流动形式的基础上,建立了基于军民协同的国家创新体系基础之上的两用技术流动模式。针对两用技术流动过程中存在的问题,建立了技术-市场二维矩阵模型。最后研究了两用政策实施的数学模型以及两用政策体系。
研究了基于可拓制造“超网络”链的制造能力储备模式实现。可拓制造“超网络”链生产模式是形成制造能力的核心要素。结合可拓学与协同学理论,提出了可拓协同制造资源的概念,建立了武器装备可拓协同制造资源的集成模式,并给出了其可拓学选择方法。针对战时武器装备的变批量生产需求,提出了武器装备可拓制造“超网络”链结构模型,界定了该模型的内涵与特征,建立了模型的体系结构,对体系中的各个组成部分进行了系统分析。
研究了制造能力储备模式实现的支持策略体系。制造能力储备作为国防战略的提出,其理论体系的建立和运行需要一系列政策体系的支持。本章从武器装备的预案管理、“预备役”生产企业运行模式、以及武器装备动员运行管理模式等方面,给出了解决对策。
Under the environment of high-tech information war, the complicated characters of weapon and equipment manufacturing system are as follows: the uncertainty of the demand scale and structure, the integration of high-technology, the imbalance of demand at peacetime and wartime, quick response at wartime, muti-variety and scalable batch production and military-civil integration and so on. Demand character and demand rule of weapon and equipment under the environment of information war bring new revolution and challenge to the operative pattern, operative mechanism and supporting policies in full-time life cycle of weapon and equipment.In china , the pattern of“pre-reserve”adaptive to the mechanization war has emerged its disadaption: its static state and rigidity ,high burden of cost , illegibility of military aim ,and cannot ensure the realization of defense goal and national economy goal, wich brings the conflict between“strong demand”of weapon and equipment at wartime and“weak capability”of manufacturing system. So the theory of weapon and equipment manufacturing capability reserve is put forward to solve the above problems. Based on the concept of“great manufacturing”, encircling the meaning of manufacturing capability reserve, the theory system and policies are studied by use of the theory of agile mobilization, the theory of cooperation and quick extended manufacturing. The main work includes the following aspects:
1. Study on the pattern framework of weapon and equipment manufacturing capability reserve (MCR). The concept integration model of manufacturing capability is given, as well as the meaning and fuction and muti-traits of manufacturing capability (MC); and then from the view of goal measurement of manufacturing capability, especially, the time dimension, cost dimension, quality dimension, flexibility dimension and quantity dimension, the goal system of MCR is analysised. Lastly, the muti-dimension space structure model including goal system and capability bundle system is constructed. Weapon and equipment manufacturing capability under the environment of the Taihai war is studied.
2. Study on the mechanism of weapon and equipment manufacturing capability reserve. Firstly, the realism trace and theory trace of MCR pattern are analysised .Secondly, the“capable reserve pattern”in America, the“pre-reserve pattern”,“dumbbell structure”and“little core and great collaboration structure”in China are studied. And last the demand mechanism, restriction mechanism and decision mechanism are analysised.
3. Study on the realism of weapon and equipment MCR based on R&D. R&D capability is the technology foundation of manufacturing capability .First the R&D patterns of foreign countries are studied, then based on the characters of weapon and equipment R&D, the cellar R&D network model based on loosely-coupled system is built up, as well as the traits, loosely-coupled character and operation mechanism of it are studied by use of loosely-coupled theory and cellar structure theory .This model is helpful to enhance R&D speed and reduce R&D cost. Secondly, based on supply chain idea, the pattern and model and main contents of pre-technology supply chain are put forward .Finally, under the environment of military–civil integration, dual-use capability R&D network is constructed.
4. Study on the realism of manufacturing capability reserve based on dual-use technology flow. Dual-use technology flow is the“accelerator”of manufacturing capability. Based on the view of“flow”, the concept of dual-use technology flow is brought forward. On the base of many patterns of dual-use technology flow, the dual-use technology flow pattern based on military-civil cooperation national innovation system is given. Then the strategic analysis framework of technology-market two-dimension matrix is constructed to solve the problems of dual-use technology flow. Finally the dual-use policy maths model and dual-use policy system are given.
5. Study on the realism of manufacturing capability reserve based on extended manufacturing“super-network”chain. It is the core factor of manufacturing capability. Combining the extended theory and cooperation theory, the concept of exended cooperative manufacturing resource is given firstly, as well as the integration pattern and the extended selection method of it are constructed.Under the demand of scalable batch production at wartime, the model of weapon and equipment extended cooperative manufacturing“supernetwork”chain structure, the meaning and the traits of it are depicted in detail. The system structure of the model is given and all parts of it are analysised.
6. Study on supporting policy of manufacturing capability reserve pattern. As a new defence strategy, manufacturing capability reserve needs a series of policies. This chapter mainly discussed the pre-case management system and“pre-equiped enterprise”operative pattern, and mobilization management pattern.
引文
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