复杂仿真系统概念模型建立与评估方法研究
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摘要
随着仿真对象的复杂化,概念模型在仿真领域里得到了广泛的认可和重视。复杂仿真系统概念模型(Conceptual Model of Complex Simulation System,CMCSS)已成为目前系统仿真领域里的重要研究内容。复杂仿真系统具有实体众多、行为过程复杂、交互形式多样等特点,参与复杂仿真系统的开发与评估的人员多样化,使得人们在理解仿真对象时非常困难,缺少对仿真对象的规范描述,严重阻碍了复杂仿真系统的开发效率。
论文通过分析CMCSS的全生命周期中对各种技术或方法的需求,建立了CMCSS的技术框架,给出一种CMCSS元模型,重点研究了CMCSS的建模方法和评估方法,提出了CMCSS一体化建模方法和CMCSS形式化评估方法,并设计、开发了CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具。从而为CMCSS建模与评估提供系统化的解决方案。
首先研究了CMCSS的技术框架。为了提供解决CMCSS建模与评估问题的系统化的方法,通过系统的分析CMCSS的建模与评估过程,总结了CMCSS建模、评估与应用需要解决的技术或方法,建立了CMCSS的技术框架,阐述了CMCSS技术框架中的每项技术或方法的目的、意义和要解决的问题,重点研究了CMCSS元模型,对CMCSS的构成进行了详细的阐述。CMCSS技术框架为系统化研究CMCSS提供了基础。
其次研究了CMCSS的建模技术。通过深入分析CMCSS的目的和意义,总结了对CMCSS建模方法的需求,针对这些需求,提出了CMCSS一体化建模方法。CMCSS一体化建模方法紧密结合CMCSS的建模过程,针对建模过程中不同阶段的需求,提供了不同层次的建模方法:基于XML的CMCSS数据建模方法能够满足数据层需求,基于图形化的CMCSS可视化建模方法能够满足可视化需求,基于集合的CMCSS形式化建模方法能够满足应用分析需求。利用一体化建模方法所建立的不同层次的CMCSS可以通过CMCSS元模型进行相互转化,在建模过程的不同的阶段,应用相应层次的建模方法,然后通过模型转化,指导下一阶段的建模工作。由于CMCSS往往包含大量的实体,为了使CMCSS具有清晰的结构,需要将CMCSS进行层次化分解,因此研究了CMCSS的层次化描述方法,以满足不同层次人员的需求。
然后研究了CMCSS的评估技术。CMCSS必须经过评估以保证CMCSS的质量,才能用来指导复杂仿真系统的设计、开发与评估工作。通过总结和分析目前评估方法存在的不足,提出了CMCSS形式化评估方法。CMCSS形式化评估方法从系统评估的角度出发,通过采用形式化技术,尽量降低评估结果的主观因素,实现对CMCSS的全面评估。CMCSS形式化评估方法的实现包括四部分:评估指标分解、评估指标形式化描述、评估指标获取方法,以及评估结果的计算方法。由于CMCSS中的状态众多,状态变换的逻辑关系复杂,研究了CMCSS的状态网模型,用来分析CMCSS的状态变换过程。
然后设计并开发了CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具。由于CMCSS包含的信息量非常大,需要专门的工具来辅助CMCSS的建模、评估与管理工作。因此,设计并开发了CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具。通过分析CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具的需求,给出了辅助工具的体系结构和总体设计。CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具包括三大模块:CMCSS建模辅助模块、CMCSS评估辅助模块和CMCSS管理辅助模块,论文对每个模块进行了设计与开发。
最后,以某导弹攻防对抗系统为例,采用论文的研究成果建立其CMCSS,并对该CMCSS进行评估,来验证论文研究成果的可行性。
Conceptual Model of Complex Simulation System (CMCSS) is one of important research content in simulation domain. Complex simulation system (CSS) has characters of more entities, complex behavior and many kinds of interactions, etc, and need a lot of persons to take part in its development, that makes it is very difficult to understand simulation object consistently. It blocks efficient of development of complex simulation system that short of specification about simulation object. This paper put forward a set of system solution to CMCSS modeling and evalution.
A technique framework of CMCSS is set up according to analysis on requirments of techniques and methods in CMCSS life circle, and CMCSS meta-model is put forward. This paper provides a incorporate modeling method and formal evaluation method, and develops a tool to assist CMCSS modeling and evalution.
Firstly, the technique framework of CMCSS is studied. A modeling process and evaluation process model of CMCSS are built, and techniques and methods needed in processes are analysis, then the technique framework of CMCSS is given. CMCSS technique framework makes a guide effect to research on CMCSS, in which the purpose, meaning and problems resolved of each technique and method are described. Also a CMCSS meta-model is build. CMCSS technique framework provids foundation for CMCSS research.
Secondly, the modeling technique of CMCSS is studied. Based on CMCSS meta-model, an incorporate modeling method of CMCSS is research. The method combines the modeling process of CMCSS closely, and provides the efficient modeling method according to all different requirements of different steps in modeling process. CMCSS incorporate modeling method applicants XML technique, graph technique and formal technique. The data modeling method based on XML can satisfy the requirements in data level. The visual modeling method based on graph can satisfy the requirements in visual level. The formal modeling method based on set can satisfy the requirements in analysis level. The meta-model of CMCSS is foundation of CMCSS incorporate modeling method, and it provides basis for transform between different level CMCSS. To make CMCSS has a clear structure, it need to decompose CMCSS to diffirent level, so this paper research architecture description of CMCSS to satisfy diffirent person’s requirement.
Thirdly, the evaluation technique of CMCSS is studied. A formal evaluation method is put forward after analysis on disadvantage of traditional evaluation method. Formal evaluation method based on point of view of system evaluation, can achieve full evaluation on CMCSS. Its application foundations are evaluation index using formal description, the formal method of getting evaluation index value, and arithmetic of evaluation result. According to this idea, the principle of formal evaluation method is analysis, and the evaluation index system is built after analysis on the effectiveness of CMCSS quality, and then each evaluation index is described in formal technique. The formal method of getting evaluation index value is studied according to formal index, and also the evaluation sequence of evaluation index is given. The arithmetic of CMCSS evaluation result is studied, and problems cast back are discussed, then CMCSS credibility is analysis. A model of reachbility of CMCSS is built, and the reachable probability is research, alse a model of time waste is built.
Forthly, a tool to assist conceptual modeling and CMCSS evaluation is developed. It is necessary to use tool assist CMCSS modeling and evalution, for CMCSS contains a mount of information. An architecture of assistant tool is designed. The tool is designed to include three parts: conceptual modeling module, CMCSS evaluation module, and CMCSS management module, then the design and function of each module is introduced.
Finally, in view of a resistance system of missile attack-defence, its CMCSS is established and is evaluated using the paper’s research results, to confirm the paper‘s research results is feasibility.
论文通过分析CMCSS的全生命周期中对各种技术或方法的需求,建立了CMCSS的技术框架,给出一种CMCSS元模型,重点研究了CMCSS的建模方法和评估方法,提出了CMCSS一体化建模方法和CMCSS形式化评估方法,并设计、开发了CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具。从而为CMCSS建模与评估提供系统化的解决方案。
首先研究了CMCSS的技术框架。为了提供解决CMCSS建模与评估问题的系统化的方法,通过系统的分析CMCSS的建模与评估过程,总结了CMCSS建模、评估与应用需要解决的技术或方法,建立了CMCSS的技术框架,阐述了CMCSS技术框架中的每项技术或方法的目的、意义和要解决的问题,重点研究了CMCSS元模型,对CMCSS的构成进行了详细的阐述。CMCSS技术框架为系统化研究CMCSS提供了基础。
其次研究了CMCSS的建模技术。通过深入分析CMCSS的目的和意义,总结了对CMCSS建模方法的需求,针对这些需求,提出了CMCSS一体化建模方法。CMCSS一体化建模方法紧密结合CMCSS的建模过程,针对建模过程中不同阶段的需求,提供了不同层次的建模方法:基于XML的CMCSS数据建模方法能够满足数据层需求,基于图形化的CMCSS可视化建模方法能够满足可视化需求,基于集合的CMCSS形式化建模方法能够满足应用分析需求。利用一体化建模方法所建立的不同层次的CMCSS可以通过CMCSS元模型进行相互转化,在建模过程的不同的阶段,应用相应层次的建模方法,然后通过模型转化,指导下一阶段的建模工作。由于CMCSS往往包含大量的实体,为了使CMCSS具有清晰的结构,需要将CMCSS进行层次化分解,因此研究了CMCSS的层次化描述方法,以满足不同层次人员的需求。
然后研究了CMCSS的评估技术。CMCSS必须经过评估以保证CMCSS的质量,才能用来指导复杂仿真系统的设计、开发与评估工作。通过总结和分析目前评估方法存在的不足,提出了CMCSS形式化评估方法。CMCSS形式化评估方法从系统评估的角度出发,通过采用形式化技术,尽量降低评估结果的主观因素,实现对CMCSS的全面评估。CMCSS形式化评估方法的实现包括四部分:评估指标分解、评估指标形式化描述、评估指标获取方法,以及评估结果的计算方法。由于CMCSS中的状态众多,状态变换的逻辑关系复杂,研究了CMCSS的状态网模型,用来分析CMCSS的状态变换过程。
然后设计并开发了CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具。由于CMCSS包含的信息量非常大,需要专门的工具来辅助CMCSS的建模、评估与管理工作。因此,设计并开发了CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具。通过分析CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具的需求,给出了辅助工具的体系结构和总体设计。CMCSS建模与评估辅助工具包括三大模块:CMCSS建模辅助模块、CMCSS评估辅助模块和CMCSS管理辅助模块,论文对每个模块进行了设计与开发。
最后,以某导弹攻防对抗系统为例,采用论文的研究成果建立其CMCSS,并对该CMCSS进行评估,来验证论文研究成果的可行性。
Conceptual Model of Complex Simulation System (CMCSS) is one of important research content in simulation domain. Complex simulation system (CSS) has characters of more entities, complex behavior and many kinds of interactions, etc, and need a lot of persons to take part in its development, that makes it is very difficult to understand simulation object consistently. It blocks efficient of development of complex simulation system that short of specification about simulation object. This paper put forward a set of system solution to CMCSS modeling and evalution.
A technique framework of CMCSS is set up according to analysis on requirments of techniques and methods in CMCSS life circle, and CMCSS meta-model is put forward. This paper provides a incorporate modeling method and formal evaluation method, and develops a tool to assist CMCSS modeling and evalution.
Firstly, the technique framework of CMCSS is studied. A modeling process and evaluation process model of CMCSS are built, and techniques and methods needed in processes are analysis, then the technique framework of CMCSS is given. CMCSS technique framework makes a guide effect to research on CMCSS, in which the purpose, meaning and problems resolved of each technique and method are described. Also a CMCSS meta-model is build. CMCSS technique framework provids foundation for CMCSS research.
Secondly, the modeling technique of CMCSS is studied. Based on CMCSS meta-model, an incorporate modeling method of CMCSS is research. The method combines the modeling process of CMCSS closely, and provides the efficient modeling method according to all different requirements of different steps in modeling process. CMCSS incorporate modeling method applicants XML technique, graph technique and formal technique. The data modeling method based on XML can satisfy the requirements in data level. The visual modeling method based on graph can satisfy the requirements in visual level. The formal modeling method based on set can satisfy the requirements in analysis level. The meta-model of CMCSS is foundation of CMCSS incorporate modeling method, and it provides basis for transform between different level CMCSS. To make CMCSS has a clear structure, it need to decompose CMCSS to diffirent level, so this paper research architecture description of CMCSS to satisfy diffirent person’s requirement.
Thirdly, the evaluation technique of CMCSS is studied. A formal evaluation method is put forward after analysis on disadvantage of traditional evaluation method. Formal evaluation method based on point of view of system evaluation, can achieve full evaluation on CMCSS. Its application foundations are evaluation index using formal description, the formal method of getting evaluation index value, and arithmetic of evaluation result. According to this idea, the principle of formal evaluation method is analysis, and the evaluation index system is built after analysis on the effectiveness of CMCSS quality, and then each evaluation index is described in formal technique. The formal method of getting evaluation index value is studied according to formal index, and also the evaluation sequence of evaluation index is given. The arithmetic of CMCSS evaluation result is studied, and problems cast back are discussed, then CMCSS credibility is analysis. A model of reachbility of CMCSS is built, and the reachable probability is research, alse a model of time waste is built.
Forthly, a tool to assist conceptual modeling and CMCSS evaluation is developed. It is necessary to use tool assist CMCSS modeling and evalution, for CMCSS contains a mount of information. An architecture of assistant tool is designed. The tool is designed to include three parts: conceptual modeling module, CMCSS evaluation module, and CMCSS management module, then the design and function of each module is introduced.
Finally, in view of a resistance system of missile attack-defence, its CMCSS is established and is evaluated using the paper’s research results, to confirm the paper‘s research results is feasibility.
引文
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75 Dale K. Pace. Simulation Conceptual Model Issues: Development Methods (Part 1), Interaction with Simulation Requirements (Part 2), and Simulation Development Costs and V&V Costs (Part 3). Proceedings of the 2000 Summer Computer Simulation Conference, William F. Waite (ed.). Jul. 2000: 488-499
76 Dale K. Pace. Simulation Conceptual Model Development. Proceedings of the Spring 2000 Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Mar. 2000
77金硕,何晓晔.概念模型元元模型初探.湖南科技学院学报. 2005, 26(11):159-161
78 Dale K. Pace. The Value of a Quality Simulation Conceptual Model. Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. January 2002, 1(1): 9-10
79何晓晔,吴永波等.任务空间概念模型VV&A研究.火力指挥与控制. 2006, 31(3):34-37
80 Dale K. Pace. Ideas about Simulation Conceptual Model Development. Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. July 2000, 21(3): 327-336
81 Dale K. Pace. Conceptual Model Descriptions. Proceedings of the Spring 1999 Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Mar. 1999: 133-144.
82陆昌辉,邓苏等.基于UML的多维数据概念建模方法研究.系统工程与电子技术. 2004, 26(4)
83 Jan Jelle Boomgaardt, Vahid Mojtahed, Bill Waite. Nato-MSG-058 Conceptual Modeling for M&S. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 2008
84钟玮珺,荆涛,吴小勇.基于XML/Schema的概念建模方法研究.军事运筹与系统工程. 2006, 20(1):12-17
85南松辉.基于XML的航天飞机概念模型.武器装备自动化. 2007, 26(4):1-2
86钟玮珺,荆涛,吴小勇.基于XML/Schema的海军战术军事概念模型研究.计算机仿真. 2006, 23(7):14-18
87刘洪星,卢炎生,陈明.一种XML概念模型-XUML.计算机科学. 2007, 34(1):88-91
88 Dale K. Pace. Conceptual Model Development for C4ISR Simulations. Proceedings of the 5th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. Oct. 2000
89 Dale K. Pace. Implications of Simulation Conceptual Model Development for Simulation Management and Uncertainty Assessment. Proceedings of the 1 st Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JANNAF) Modeling and Simulation Subcommittee Meeting. Nov. 2000: 1-13
90王杏林,郭齐胜.作战任务空间的一致性描述.系统仿真学报. 2001, 13(Sup.l): 190-192
91王杏林,郭齐胜,丁士拥.任务空间概念模型及其形式化抽象描述.系统仿真学报. 2003, 15(10): 1408-1470
92 Jack Borah. Conceptual Modeling- How do we move forward?—The Next Step. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. Sep. 2002
93范勇,李为民.军事概念建模形式化描述语言比较分析.火力与指挥控制. 2006, 31(6): 19-22
94 D. Richard Kuhn, Dan Craigen, Mark Saaltink. Practical Application of Formal Methods in Modeling and Simulation. Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation. 2006
95 DMSO. Validation, Verification and Accredition Recommended Practices Guide (RPG). Conceptual Model Development and Validation. Nov. 2000
96吴永波,何晓晔等.军事概念模型研究综述.系统仿真学报. 2005, 17(12):3076-3080
97何晓晔,徐培德,沙基昌.任务空间概念模型轻量级形式化校核方法初探. 2006, 18(5):1108-1109
98刘飞,马萍,杨明,孙国兵,王子才.大型复杂仿真系统可信度量化方法研究四川大学学报(工程科学版). 2006, 38(5):169-174
99方可,马萍,杨明.一个基于层次评估的VV&A评估体系.仿真计算机与软件&仿真方法与建模学术交流会论文集. 2004: 139-146
100刘飞,杨明,王子才.基于高级Petri网的仿真剧情正规校核方法.控制与决策. 2006, 21(11):1208-1213
101 Fang Ke, Yang Ming. A VV&A Evaluation System Based on Hierarchical Evaluation. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series). 2005,12(2): 184-188
102刘宏芳,阳东升,刘忠等.基于任务的战术态势视图中对象的描述与组织.武器装备自动化. 2006, 25(4):13-14
103王杏林.概念建模.国防工业出版社,北京. 2007:32-136
104杜鹃.多武器平台仿真系统VV&A研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文, 1998:31-44
105江志斌. Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用.机械工业出版社. 2004: 120-129
106 Jonathan Lee, Lein F. Lai. A High-Level Petri Nets Based Approach to Verifying Task Structures. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 2002, 14(2): 316-335
107 David Y. Tseng, Robert Campos, Sandra K. Burnett. Modular Knowledge Acquisition Tool (M-KAT) - An Efficient Extraction Methodology and Representation Scheme. Proceeding of Simulation Interoperation Workgroup. 1997
108邢继娟,李亚,葛含益等.任务空间概念模型与独立于仿真的想定管理系统.现代防御技术, 2003, 31(2): 60-64
109李成辉,陈英武.装甲仿真概念模型及作战想定编辑系统实现.计算机仿真. 2004, 21(11):17-19
110吴永波,何晓晔,谭东风等.军事概念模型知识获取过程方法和工具.火力与指挥控制. 2007, 32(5):67-71
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27 Steve Risner, Ken Porter, Lee Lacy, et al. Conceptual Modeling in the Joint Simulation System (JSIMS). Proceeding of Simulation InteroperationWorkgroup. 1998
28 Michael L. Metz. Comparing the Joint Warfare System (JWARS) Conceptual Model to a Conceptual Model Standard. Proceeding of Simulation Interoperation Workgroup. 2000
29 Dale K. Pace. Impact of Simulation Description on Conceptual Validation.Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 1998
30 James D. Arthur, Robert G. Sargent. Verification and Validation: What Impact Should Project Size and Complexity Have on the Attendant V&V and Supporting Infrastructure. Proc. of the Winter Simulation Conference, Phoenix, AZ. 1999: 148-155
31 Robert G. Sargent, Prscilla A. Glasow. Strategic Directions in Verification, Validation and Accreditation Research. Proc. of the Winter Simulation Conference, Orlando, FL. 2000: 909-916
32 Robert G. Sargent. Verification, Validation, and Accreditation of Simulation Models. Proc. of the Winter Simulation Conference, Orlando, FL. 2000. 50-59
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34 Dale K. Pace. Simulation Conceptual Model Role in Determining Compatibility of Candidate Simulations for a HLA Federation. Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. Mar. 2001
35 Jack Borah. Conceptual Modeling- The Missing Link of Simulation Development. Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. Mar. 2002
36 Furman Haddix. Mission Space, Federation, and Other Conceptual Models.Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 1998
37 Lee W. Lacy, Wayne Randolph, Bruce Harris, et al. Developing a Consensus Perspective on Conceptual Models for Simulation Systems. Proceeding of Simulation Interoperation Workgroup. 2001
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44李成辉,陈英武.装甲仿真概念模型及作战想定编辑系统实现.计算机仿真. 2004, 21(11):17-19
45宋海凌.浅析仿真系统的概念模型.舰船电子工程. 2004:53-57
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49陆昌辉,唐九阳,邓苏.基于E/R模型的多维数据概念模型的研究.计算机工程. 2002, 28(8):97-99
50 Jonathan Lee, Lein F. Lai. A High-Level Petri Nets Based Approach to Verifying Task Structures. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 2002, 14(2): 316-335
51江志斌. Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用.机械工业出版社. 2004: 120-129
52吴哲辉. Petri网导论.机械工业出版社. 2006: 1-103
53 D. Richard Kuhn, Dan Craigen, Mark Saaltink. Practical Application of Formal Methods in Modeling and Simulation. Summer Computer Simulation Conference. 2003
54 Dale K. Pace. Simulation Conceptual Model Development. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 2000
55 Dale K. Pace, Development and Documentation of a Simulation Conceptual Model. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 1999
56 Lee W. Lacy, Wayne Randolph, Bruce Harris, etc. Developing a Consensus Perspective on Conceptual Models for Simulation Systems. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 2001
57胡斌,常青.军事概念模型建模实践分析与研究.系统仿真学报. 2008, 20(12):3085-3088
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60 Lee W. Lacy, Wayne Randolph, Bruce Harris, Simone Youngblood, Jack Sheehan, Robert Might, Michael Metz, Developing a Consensus Perspective on Conceptual Models for Simulation Systems. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 2001
61马萍.杨明等.仿真概念模型分层次开发过程研究.仿真计算机与软件&仿真方法与建模学术交流会论文集. 2004:81-87
62 Ronald H. Smits, A. Harris. Ontology or Taxonomy: A CMMS-CSS Sufficiency Analysis. 1999
63 DMSO. Conceptual Models of the Mission Space Strategy and Status. 1998
64 Jack Sheehan, Bruce Harris. Conceptual Models of the Mission Space: Communicating Warfighter Requirements to Systems Engineers. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 1999
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71谢卫平,邓苏,谭东风,刘洪刚.概念模型工程研究.计算机仿真. 2003, 20(2): 120-125
72黄健,黄柯棣,邱晓刚.任务空间概念模型研究.系统仿真学报. 2000, 12(1): 1-5
73赵新俊,王行仁,龚光红.仿真建模中的概念模型研究.系统仿真学报. 2003, 15(5): 614-620
74 Dale K. Pace. Conceptual Model Role in Simulation Validation. Proceedings ofthe 6th U.S. National Congress on Computational Mechanics. Aug. 2001
75 Dale K. Pace. Simulation Conceptual Model Issues: Development Methods (Part 1), Interaction with Simulation Requirements (Part 2), and Simulation Development Costs and V&V Costs (Part 3). Proceedings of the 2000 Summer Computer Simulation Conference, William F. Waite (ed.). Jul. 2000: 488-499
76 Dale K. Pace. Simulation Conceptual Model Development. Proceedings of the Spring 2000 Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Mar. 2000
77金硕,何晓晔.概念模型元元模型初探.湖南科技学院学报. 2005, 26(11):159-161
78 Dale K. Pace. The Value of a Quality Simulation Conceptual Model. Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. January 2002, 1(1): 9-10
79何晓晔,吴永波等.任务空间概念模型VV&A研究.火力指挥与控制. 2006, 31(3):34-37
80 Dale K. Pace. Ideas about Simulation Conceptual Model Development. Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. July 2000, 21(3): 327-336
81 Dale K. Pace. Conceptual Model Descriptions. Proceedings of the Spring 1999 Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Mar. 1999: 133-144.
82陆昌辉,邓苏等.基于UML的多维数据概念建模方法研究.系统工程与电子技术. 2004, 26(4)
83 Jan Jelle Boomgaardt, Vahid Mojtahed, Bill Waite. Nato-MSG-058 Conceptual Modeling for M&S. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 2008
84钟玮珺,荆涛,吴小勇.基于XML/Schema的概念建模方法研究.军事运筹与系统工程. 2006, 20(1):12-17
85南松辉.基于XML的航天飞机概念模型.武器装备自动化. 2007, 26(4):1-2
86钟玮珺,荆涛,吴小勇.基于XML/Schema的海军战术军事概念模型研究.计算机仿真. 2006, 23(7):14-18
87刘洪星,卢炎生,陈明.一种XML概念模型-XUML.计算机科学. 2007, 34(1):88-91
88 Dale K. Pace. Conceptual Model Development for C4ISR Simulations. Proceedings of the 5th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. Oct. 2000
89 Dale K. Pace. Implications of Simulation Conceptual Model Development for Simulation Management and Uncertainty Assessment. Proceedings of the 1 st Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JANNAF) Modeling and Simulation Subcommittee Meeting. Nov. 2000: 1-13
90王杏林,郭齐胜.作战任务空间的一致性描述.系统仿真学报. 2001, 13(Sup.l): 190-192
91王杏林,郭齐胜,丁士拥.任务空间概念模型及其形式化抽象描述.系统仿真学报. 2003, 15(10): 1408-1470
92 Jack Borah. Conceptual Modeling- How do we move forward?—The Next Step. Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. Sep. 2002
93范勇,李为民.军事概念建模形式化描述语言比较分析.火力与指挥控制. 2006, 31(6): 19-22
94 D. Richard Kuhn, Dan Craigen, Mark Saaltink. Practical Application of Formal Methods in Modeling and Simulation. Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation. 2006
95 DMSO. Validation, Verification and Accredition Recommended Practices Guide (RPG). Conceptual Model Development and Validation. Nov. 2000
96吴永波,何晓晔等.军事概念模型研究综述.系统仿真学报. 2005, 17(12):3076-3080
97何晓晔,徐培德,沙基昌.任务空间概念模型轻量级形式化校核方法初探. 2006, 18(5):1108-1109
98刘飞,马萍,杨明,孙国兵,王子才.大型复杂仿真系统可信度量化方法研究四川大学学报(工程科学版). 2006, 38(5):169-174
99方可,马萍,杨明.一个基于层次评估的VV&A评估体系.仿真计算机与软件&仿真方法与建模学术交流会论文集. 2004: 139-146
100刘飞,杨明,王子才.基于高级Petri网的仿真剧情正规校核方法.控制与决策. 2006, 21(11):1208-1213
101 Fang Ke, Yang Ming. A VV&A Evaluation System Based on Hierarchical Evaluation. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series). 2005,12(2): 184-188
102刘宏芳,阳东升,刘忠等.基于任务的战术态势视图中对象的描述与组织.武器装备自动化. 2006, 25(4):13-14
103王杏林.概念建模.国防工业出版社,北京. 2007:32-136
104杜鹃.多武器平台仿真系统VV&A研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文, 1998:31-44
105江志斌. Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用.机械工业出版社. 2004: 120-129
106 Jonathan Lee, Lein F. Lai. A High-Level Petri Nets Based Approach to Verifying Task Structures. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 2002, 14(2): 316-335
107 David Y. Tseng, Robert Campos, Sandra K. Burnett. Modular Knowledge Acquisition Tool (M-KAT) - An Efficient Extraction Methodology and Representation Scheme. Proceeding of Simulation Interoperation Workgroup. 1997
108邢继娟,李亚,葛含益等.任务空间概念模型与独立于仿真的想定管理系统.现代防御技术, 2003, 31(2): 60-64
109李成辉,陈英武.装甲仿真概念模型及作战想定编辑系统实现.计算机仿真. 2004, 21(11):17-19
110吴永波,何晓晔,谭东风等.军事概念模型知识获取过程方法和工具.火力与指挥控制. 2007, 32(5):67-71
111 Robert G. Sargent. Verification and Validation of Simulation Models. Proc. of the Winter Simulation Conference, New Orleans, LA, 2003:37-48