战术互联网组网方案设计与关键技术研究
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摘要
制信息权被认为是现代战争取胜的关键,已成为交战双方必然争夺的焦点。随着战场态势感知信息量的增大和计算机指挥自动化程度的提高,战场数据业务需求量也不断地增长。为适应复杂的战场环境下信息数据的采集、处理、显示和分发,以支持高度的移动指挥控制,美军在互联网发展基础上,最早提出战术互联网,并初步建立起自己的战术互联网。战术互联网也受到世界各国军方的普遍关注。
战术互联网是互联的战术无线电台、计算机硬件和软件的集合,它以无线自组网络技术为基础,支持TCP/IP协议,互联网控制器和战术多网网关是两种重要互联设备。战术互联网的组建需解决很多的关键技术问题,比如,用户移动、拓扑变化、互联集成、扩展性、安全性等,这些问题也是目前战术互联网的研究热点。
我军目前的无线网络难以满足战术互联网的性能、容量、抗毁、自愈、安全和可靠等方面的特殊需求,主要问题是通信体制复杂,无线电台种类繁多,数据交换速率低,彼此间互连互通难以实现。尽快组建自己的战术互联网已成为我军信息化建设迫切需要。
本文着眼于我军战术互联网建设需要,根据当前部队战术无线通信装备实际,对战术互联网组建的总体框架和关键技术进行了探索研究。重点研究了团级战术互联网的组建方案。方案从总体设计角度,借鉴了美军战术互联网的MIL-STD-188-220B协议标准,主要利用我军广泛使用的超短波电台组网,内容涉及团级战术互联网的网络体系结构、协议栈、互联网控制器与战术多网网关总体设计、战术电台、网络管理和网络安全性分析及设计等方面。
Taking control and advantage of information is the key to win the modern war and it has become the key contention point between both sides of the warfare. As the growth of battlefield's information detection and the advance of automatic computer command, the need for battlefield data is increasing continuously. In order to adapt to the battlefield data's collection, processing, display and distribution and to support the highly mobile command, the US army brought forward the concept and architecture of tactical internet, which is build on the base of the Internet. Tactical internet has aroused the attention of other countries military department.
Tactical internet is a combination of wireless tactical radio, computer hardware and software, which is based on the technique of wireless self-organizing network, and it supports TCP/IP protocol, and tactical internet controller and tactical multi-network gateway are two important device of tactical internet. Construction of tactical network needs to solve many key technical problems such as the changing of topology, network integration, expansibility, security, etc. These problems are all hot research topics of the tactical internet.
The wireless network devices of our military now can't fulfil the need of tactical internet's special demand for performance, capacity, fault-tolerance, security and robustness. The main problems are the complexity of communication system、the diversity of wireless radios, the low rate of data exchanging, the difficulty of interconnection of different networks. To establish the tactical network has become the stringent need for the construction of our military's information transformation.
This paper focuses on the need for the construction of our military tactical internet, based on the practical wireless tactical devices, studies the architecture and key technique of tactical internet. The main content is the construction of regiment-level tactical internet. Referencing the US MIL-STD-188-220B protocol, using the ultra-shortwave radio devices which are popular equipped in our military, the scheme includes the architecture, protocol stack, the design of internet controller and multi-network gateway, tactical radio, network management, security, etc.
战术互联网是互联的战术无线电台、计算机硬件和软件的集合,它以无线自组网络技术为基础,支持TCP/IP协议,互联网控制器和战术多网网关是两种重要互联设备。战术互联网的组建需解决很多的关键技术问题,比如,用户移动、拓扑变化、互联集成、扩展性、安全性等,这些问题也是目前战术互联网的研究热点。
我军目前的无线网络难以满足战术互联网的性能、容量、抗毁、自愈、安全和可靠等方面的特殊需求,主要问题是通信体制复杂,无线电台种类繁多,数据交换速率低,彼此间互连互通难以实现。尽快组建自己的战术互联网已成为我军信息化建设迫切需要。
本文着眼于我军战术互联网建设需要,根据当前部队战术无线通信装备实际,对战术互联网组建的总体框架和关键技术进行了探索研究。重点研究了团级战术互联网的组建方案。方案从总体设计角度,借鉴了美军战术互联网的MIL-STD-188-220B协议标准,主要利用我军广泛使用的超短波电台组网,内容涉及团级战术互联网的网络体系结构、协议栈、互联网控制器与战术多网网关总体设计、战术电台、网络管理和网络安全性分析及设计等方面。
Taking control and advantage of information is the key to win the modern war and it has become the key contention point between both sides of the warfare. As the growth of battlefield's information detection and the advance of automatic computer command, the need for battlefield data is increasing continuously. In order to adapt to the battlefield data's collection, processing, display and distribution and to support the highly mobile command, the US army brought forward the concept and architecture of tactical internet, which is build on the base of the Internet. Tactical internet has aroused the attention of other countries military department.
Tactical internet is a combination of wireless tactical radio, computer hardware and software, which is based on the technique of wireless self-organizing network, and it supports TCP/IP protocol, and tactical internet controller and tactical multi-network gateway are two important device of tactical internet. Construction of tactical network needs to solve many key technical problems such as the changing of topology, network integration, expansibility, security, etc. These problems are all hot research topics of the tactical internet.
The wireless network devices of our military now can't fulfil the need of tactical internet's special demand for performance, capacity, fault-tolerance, security and robustness. The main problems are the complexity of communication system、the diversity of wireless radios, the low rate of data exchanging, the difficulty of interconnection of different networks. To establish the tactical network has become the stringent need for the construction of our military's information transformation.
This paper focuses on the need for the construction of our military tactical internet, based on the practical wireless tactical devices, studies the architecture and key technique of tactical internet. The main content is the construction of regiment-level tactical internet. Referencing the US MIL-STD-188-220B protocol, using the ultra-shortwave radio devices which are popular equipped in our military, the scheme includes the architecture, protocol stack, the design of internet controller and multi-network gateway, tactical radio, network management, security, etc.
引文
[01]王金龙,王呈贵,吴启晖等编著,Ad hoc移动无线网络,国防工业出版社,2004
[02]郑相全等,无线自组网技术实用教程,清华大学出版社,2004
[03]胡道元等,网络技术教程,清华大学出版社,2005
[04]魏正曦,无线短波战术接入网的设计与实现,信息产业部750厂项目资料,2003
[05]杨策,战术互联网网络性能管理研究与实现,西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003
[06]刘明庆,李红平,李建军,战术互联网浅述,现代期刊,2003
[07]李宁,朱巍,郑少仁,战术电台互联网动态配置的研究与实现,解放军理工大学军事运筹和系统工程,2002
[08]米志超,郑少仁,无线战术互联网控制器通信协议的设计与实现,解放军理工大学学报,2000
[09]郑爱民,崔灿,刘福杰,实用化的战术互联网网络管理方案,西安电子技术大学学报,2002
[10]周凌,李瑛,叶酉荪,基于事件触发的拓扑更新策略,通信技术,2000
[11]Michalel Le Tendre Booz.Allen and Hamilton Eatontown,NJ,David Macauley AT&T Holmdel,NJ,Maria Sudnicovich US Army CECOM,S&TCD ford Monmouth,NJ,routing and internetworking in the tactical internet
[12]赵明峰,宋小燕,战术互联网控制器应用技术研究,2004
[13]吴坤兴,美军的联合战术无线电系统,舰船电子工程,2002
[14]金兴华,郑爱民,美军军用无线电台综述,信息产业部电子二十八研究所现代电子工程,2002
[15]许爱装,软件无线电技术的发展动态,电信快报,1998
[16]王晓凯,候朝桢,战术互联网的无线通信网络模型及网络管理策略,计算机工程,2003
[17]窦丽华,陈果,陈杰,炮兵战术互联网的综合故障管理系统,北京工大学学报,2001
[18]崔灿,张春晖,战术互联网管理技术研究,计算机工程,2001
[19]军事通信手册,总参通信局,2001
[20]刘建国,柯钰,钟京立,军事通信网络基础教程,北京航空航天大学出版 社,2002
[21]齐艳平,葛强,赵宏娜,无线网络技术与军事战术互联网,无线通信技术,2002
[22]中国陆军合同战术野战化指挥训练模拟对抗系统,解放军报文章
[23]周兴铭,王晓东,信息化条件下的网络中心战及我军的对策
[24]国外军用移动通信的现状和发展趋势,网络文章
[25]美国陆军数据分发系统,网络文章
[26]美国陆军数据分发系统,网络文章
[27]美军数字化建设的重要步骤,网络文章
[28]美军正研究“单兵网络”SUO-SAS,网络文章
[29]现代战场的传感神经机动通信,解放军报2003年12月03日第11版
[30]美军正研究“单兵网络”SUO-SAS,网络文章
[31]FCS Communications Technology for the Objective Force,Paul Sass,MITRE Corporation Jim Freebersyser,Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA).
[32]FBCB2 Overview(Force XXI Battle Command - Brigade and Below),Hal HartSoftware Process Engineer(on behalf of entire FBCB2 SW team)Force ⅩⅪ Battle Command Brigade and Below
[33]MERLIN:Mobile and Energy-efficient Radio Linked Integrated-service Network,Paul Lettiefi,Athanassios Boulis,and Mani B.Srivastava,This work supported by DARPA/ITO and the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science
[34]Anayzing Threats to Army Tactical Internet Systems,by Tobert L.Haworth.
[35]TACTICAL INTERNET SYSTEM ARCHIECTURE FOR TASK FORCEXXII,David A.Hall,Hughes Aircraft Company 2000E.E1 Segundo Boulevard E1 Segundo,CA,90245-092
[02]郑相全等,无线自组网技术实用教程,清华大学出版社,2004
[03]胡道元等,网络技术教程,清华大学出版社,2005
[04]魏正曦,无线短波战术接入网的设计与实现,信息产业部750厂项目资料,2003
[05]杨策,战术互联网网络性能管理研究与实现,西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003
[06]刘明庆,李红平,李建军,战术互联网浅述,现代期刊,2003
[07]李宁,朱巍,郑少仁,战术电台互联网动态配置的研究与实现,解放军理工大学军事运筹和系统工程,2002
[08]米志超,郑少仁,无线战术互联网控制器通信协议的设计与实现,解放军理工大学学报,2000
[09]郑爱民,崔灿,刘福杰,实用化的战术互联网网络管理方案,西安电子技术大学学报,2002
[10]周凌,李瑛,叶酉荪,基于事件触发的拓扑更新策略,通信技术,2000
[11]Michalel Le Tendre Booz.Allen and Hamilton Eatontown,NJ,David Macauley AT&T Holmdel,NJ,Maria Sudnicovich US Army CECOM,S&TCD ford Monmouth,NJ,routing and internetworking in the tactical internet
[12]赵明峰,宋小燕,战术互联网控制器应用技术研究,2004
[13]吴坤兴,美军的联合战术无线电系统,舰船电子工程,2002
[14]金兴华,郑爱民,美军军用无线电台综述,信息产业部电子二十八研究所现代电子工程,2002
[15]许爱装,软件无线电技术的发展动态,电信快报,1998
[16]王晓凯,候朝桢,战术互联网的无线通信网络模型及网络管理策略,计算机工程,2003
[17]窦丽华,陈果,陈杰,炮兵战术互联网的综合故障管理系统,北京工大学学报,2001
[18]崔灿,张春晖,战术互联网管理技术研究,计算机工程,2001
[19]军事通信手册,总参通信局,2001
[20]刘建国,柯钰,钟京立,军事通信网络基础教程,北京航空航天大学出版 社,2002
[21]齐艳平,葛强,赵宏娜,无线网络技术与军事战术互联网,无线通信技术,2002
[22]中国陆军合同战术野战化指挥训练模拟对抗系统,解放军报文章
[23]周兴铭,王晓东,信息化条件下的网络中心战及我军的对策
[24]国外军用移动通信的现状和发展趋势,网络文章
[25]美国陆军数据分发系统,网络文章
[26]美国陆军数据分发系统,网络文章
[27]美军数字化建设的重要步骤,网络文章
[28]美军正研究“单兵网络”SUO-SAS,网络文章
[29]现代战场的传感神经机动通信,解放军报2003年12月03日第11版
[30]美军正研究“单兵网络”SUO-SAS,网络文章
[31]FCS Communications Technology for the Objective Force,Paul Sass,MITRE Corporation Jim Freebersyser,Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA).
[32]FBCB2 Overview(Force XXI Battle Command - Brigade and Below),Hal HartSoftware Process Engineer(on behalf of entire FBCB2 SW team)Force ⅩⅪ Battle Command Brigade and Below
[33]MERLIN:Mobile and Energy-efficient Radio Linked Integrated-service Network,Paul Lettiefi,Athanassios Boulis,and Mani B.Srivastava,This work supported by DARPA/ITO and the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science
[34]Anayzing Threats to Army Tactical Internet Systems,by Tobert L.Haworth.
[35]TACTICAL INTERNET SYSTEM ARCHIECTURE FOR TASK FORCEXXII,David A.Hall,Hughes Aircraft Company 2000E.E1 Segundo Boulevard E1 Segundo,CA,90245-092