基于ArcGIS图元的军事标图技术研究
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摘要
军事要图是表达军事信息的一种特有语言,是指挥人员展示战场态势,预测态势发展的重要依据。军事标图逐渐成为各种军事信息系统中必不可少的一部分。经过多年发展,我国已经研制出大量的军事标图系统,但是随着部队信息化建设的发展,这些系统难以满足其日益深化的应用需求。
本文在国内外军事标图相关研究现状的基础上,借鉴已有的技术成果,结合应用的态势信息集成的需求,研究了基于ArcGIS图元的军事标图技术,设计并实现一套基于ArcGIS图元的军事标图系统。论文的主要工作包括:
(1)基于规则军标特点,对规则军标创建的关键技术进行研究,设计和实现了一个集军标图形绘制、属性编辑为一体的军标编辑器。并根据相关标准,对军标的编码、存储方式进行了研究,设计和实现了军标库系统,实现了对规则军标的高效存储和管理。
(2)分析了非规则军标的生成方法,提出了典型箭头军标的高效绘制算法。并针对非规则军标的特点,设计开发了一个非规则军标集成框架,实现各种类型非规则军标的动态加载和集成,提高了军事标图系统的扩展性。
(3)针对军事需求,研究了军标、多类型属性信息的管理模式和关联机制,设计实现了态势信息集成框架,实现属性信息与态势信息联动,可将属性数据通过态势信息集成展示在地图上。
(4)基于上述关键技术以及军事应用需求,设计和开发了一个集数据管理、态势标绘以及空间分析于一体的军事标图系统。目前该系统已应用于某部的态势管理应用中,取得了良好的应用效果。
Military plotting map is a unique language of the transmission of military information, and is an important basis of the commanding officer to show the battlefield situation and forecast the development. Military plotting plays an important role in the military and military plotting is an important part of all kinds of military information systems. After years of development, China has developed a large number of military plotting system, but with the development of information technology units, these systems are difficult to meet the needs of its deepening.
This paper based on the domestic and foreign military plotting related research employs existing technology, combines with the actual needs of users, studies on military plotting technology based on ArcGIS graphical element, designs and implements a military plotting system based on ArcGIS. The main thesis includes:
(1) Base on military stardand symbol features, Study on the key technology of the military stardand symbol, design and implement a set of military standard graphics rendering, property editor as one of the common military standard editor. According relevant standards, codes of military targets, storage has been studied, designed and implemented a military standard library system, to achieve the efficient storage and management of military standard symbol.
(2) Analysis of the subject of non-military stardand symbol generation methods, propose a typical arrow efficient rendering algorithm. For non-military stardand symbol target characteristics, design and develop of an integrated framework for non-military stardand symbol, the symbol can achieve various types of non-military target dynamically loaded and integrated to improve the military plotting system scalability.
(3) For military needs to study the military standard, multi-attribute information management model and associated mechanisms, design and achieve a situation information integration framework to achieve the linkage attribute information and situation information, attribute data can be integrated by the situation information displayed on the map on.
(4) Base on the above key technical and military applications, design and develope a set of data management, military plotting and spatial analysis in one of the military plotting system. Currently the system has been applied to the battlefield situation information of unit management applications, and achieves good application results.
本文在国内外军事标图相关研究现状的基础上,借鉴已有的技术成果,结合应用的态势信息集成的需求,研究了基于ArcGIS图元的军事标图技术,设计并实现一套基于ArcGIS图元的军事标图系统。论文的主要工作包括:
(1)基于规则军标特点,对规则军标创建的关键技术进行研究,设计和实现了一个集军标图形绘制、属性编辑为一体的军标编辑器。并根据相关标准,对军标的编码、存储方式进行了研究,设计和实现了军标库系统,实现了对规则军标的高效存储和管理。
(2)分析了非规则军标的生成方法,提出了典型箭头军标的高效绘制算法。并针对非规则军标的特点,设计开发了一个非规则军标集成框架,实现各种类型非规则军标的动态加载和集成,提高了军事标图系统的扩展性。
(3)针对军事需求,研究了军标、多类型属性信息的管理模式和关联机制,设计实现了态势信息集成框架,实现属性信息与态势信息联动,可将属性数据通过态势信息集成展示在地图上。
(4)基于上述关键技术以及军事应用需求,设计和开发了一个集数据管理、态势标绘以及空间分析于一体的军事标图系统。目前该系统已应用于某部的态势管理应用中,取得了良好的应用效果。
Military plotting map is a unique language of the transmission of military information, and is an important basis of the commanding officer to show the battlefield situation and forecast the development. Military plotting plays an important role in the military and military plotting is an important part of all kinds of military information systems. After years of development, China has developed a large number of military plotting system, but with the development of information technology units, these systems are difficult to meet the needs of its deepening.
This paper based on the domestic and foreign military plotting related research employs existing technology, combines with the actual needs of users, studies on military plotting technology based on ArcGIS graphical element, designs and implements a military plotting system based on ArcGIS. The main thesis includes:
(1) Base on military stardand symbol features, Study on the key technology of the military stardand symbol, design and implement a set of military standard graphics rendering, property editor as one of the common military standard editor. According relevant standards, codes of military targets, storage has been studied, designed and implemented a military standard library system, to achieve the efficient storage and management of military standard symbol.
(2) Analysis of the subject of non-military stardand symbol generation methods, propose a typical arrow efficient rendering algorithm. For non-military stardand symbol target characteristics, design and develop of an integrated framework for non-military stardand symbol, the symbol can achieve various types of non-military target dynamically loaded and integrated to improve the military plotting system scalability.
(3) For military needs to study the military standard, multi-attribute information management model and associated mechanisms, design and achieve a situation information integration framework to achieve the linkage attribute information and situation information, attribute data can be integrated by the situation information displayed on the map on.
(4) Base on the above key technical and military applications, design and develope a set of data management, military plotting and spatial analysis in one of the military plotting system. Currently the system has been applied to the battlefield situation information of unit management applications, and achieves good application results.
引文
[1]王家耀.军事地理信息系统(MGIS)在现代化战争中的作用及其发展[J].信息工程大学学报, 2000, 1(4):102-105.
[2]李玉阳,晋朝勃,笪良龙,卢晓亭. MGIS技术在海军信息战中的应用[J].指挥控制与仿真, 2007, 29(3):117-120.
[3] Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces, Naval Studies Board. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps 2000-2035 Becoming 21st-Century Force Information in Warfare[R].Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997.
[4] V. E. CLARK. Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Geospatial Information and Services Support to Joint Operations[R] Washington D.C National Academy Press, 2005.
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldwide_Military_Command_and_Control_System.
[6]科技部国家遥感中心.地理信息系统与管理决策[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[7] UNCLASSIFIED. Capstone Requirements Document (CRD), Global Information Grid (GIG) [R]. USA, 2001.
[8] DoD Chief Information Officer. Guidance and Policy M emorandum No6- 8510: Department of Defense Global Information Grid Information Assurance [R].U SA, 2000.
[9]王家耀.地理信息系统的发展及其在信息战中的应用[J].信息工程大学学报,2004, 5(2):103-107.
[10]徐青伟.基于地理信息的军用标绘平台的设计与实现[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2003.
[11]章珍.计算机标图的实践及其军事应用[J].江苏测绘, 2001, 24(1):47-48.
[12]王净.基于COM结构的军事标图组件的设计与实现[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学, 2003.
[13]王伟,张波,殷赣华,范业稳.基于COM技术的地图符号库结构设计与实现[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2002,27(3):296-303.
[14]李兵,叶海建,方金云,肖国.图元法符号库的设计思想研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(17):36-42.
[15]汪荣峰,廖学军,唐立文.通用矢量地图符号库中的图元设计[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2008,19(2):87-93.
[16]鲍秀芝,达汉桥,张祖勋.矢量地图符号制作系统的设计和实现[J].测绘通报,1996,(12):28-30.
[17] David F. On the Design of Point Symbol for Tourist Maps[J]. The Cartographic Journal, 1998, 35(1):35-40.
[18]杨强.三维军标生成与态势标绘技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[19] ESRI. Installing and Getting Started with Defense Solutions[C].2008.
[20]王青山,张永强.计算机辅助标图[J].解放军测绘学院学报, 1994, 11(3):197-201.
[21]赵军喜,张亚军,王净.自动化标图系统中军标库的设计与实现[J].解放军测绘研究所学报, 1999, 22(1):45-49.
[22]孔维.三维非规则军队标号的研究与实现[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2005.
[23] Jim Durbin, J. Edward Swan II, Brad Colbert, John Crowe, Rob King, Tony King, Christopher Scannell, Zachary Wartell, Terry Welsh, Battlefield Visualization on the Responsive Workbench[C]. Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 1998, pages 463-466.
[24] Youngseok Kim, ThenKurussi Kesavadas. Automated Dynamic Symbology for Visualization of High Level Fusion [Z]. 2004.
[25] Dan Hagens,Jeremiah Montgomery,Christopher Moore.Developing Custom 3D Visualization Applications for Defense Using ArcGIS[R].Next Generation Command and Control System Tactical Operations Center 3D Program Concurrent Technologies Corporation, 2005.
[26]汤晓安,陈敏.一种基于网格控制的3维军标符号动态建模与优化方法[J].中国图像图形学报, 2009, 14(9):1919-1925.
[27] Jim Mossman. Data Deja View: special symbols for special needs [J]. ArcUser: ESRI Software Users, 2003, (7):32-35.
[28] Jeliot Feibush, Nikhil Gagvani, Daniel Williama. Visualization for situation avareness [J]. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2000, 20(5):38-45.
[29]修胜龙.协作型作战图形标绘系统设计与实现[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2000.
[30] Greenberg S, Marwood D.Realtime Groupware as a Distributed System: Concurrency Control and its Efect on the Interface. In Proceedings of the AC M' 94 Conference on CSCW. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: ACM Press, 1994. 207-217.
[31]杨健,高文逸,王衍波.一种作战文书军事标图自动化方法[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 7(6): 553-558.
[32]胡斌,汤伟,刘晓明.基于自然语言理解的文本标图系统设计与实现[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 6(2):132-137.
[33] Wong K F, LI W J, Yuan C F. Classifying temporal concepts in chinese for information extraction[J]. Proceedings of 5th Natural Language Processing Pacfic Rim Symposium, 1999, 6(1):172-177.
[34] MARY E C, RAYMOND J M. Relational learning of pattern-match rules for information extraction[J]. Proceedings of the sixteenth National conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI99), 1999, 11(3):328-334.
[35] SODERLAND G. Learing text analysis rules for domain-specific natural language processing [D]. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1997.
[36] COLLINS M, MILLER S.Semantic tagging using a probabilistic context free grammar[EB/OL].http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/mcollins/papers/wvlcb.finas.ps,2003-12-22.
[37]蔡益朝.态势评估中的兵力聚合技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[38]肖奇伟.空间环境建模中地图符号设计与标绘技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2004.
[39] Jinping Li, Chongjun Yang, Jianbing Zhang, Internet GIS Based Army Symbol Collaborative Mapping System [J]. IEEE, 2004.
[40] Miao Yu, Meixian Sun, Junhua Teng, Xiaojuan Li, Weiguang Zhang. Design and Implementation of Common Map Symbol System in GIS[J]. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008, 2-1349.
[41]张剑波,刘丹,陈宇.基于MAPGIS的军事标图系统的设计[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2002,27(3):301-305.
[42]陈引川.战场态势信息系统的研究与实现[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学, 2006.
[43]王妮.基于MapObjects的军事标图系统的关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2006.
[44]周岩.虚拟战场环境构建技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2004.
[45]李欢.面向作战保障的海战场环境信息集成与应用关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2009.
[46]谢国文,吴秋云,钟志农,李军.基于ArcGIS图元的军事标图系统[J].兵工自动化, 2011, 30(9):93-96.
[47]杨若鹏,杨建军,黄伟.军事标图系统体系结构及关键技术[J].火力与控制,2011, 36(4):168-171.
[48]姚海龙,齐锋.军事标图系统中复杂军标的实现方法[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2000, 22(2):60-62.
[49]梅霞,郝建新,汤晓安,李欢.军事标图系统中随机军标的生成与控制研究[J].兵工自动化, 2007, 26(11):42-46.
[50]赵周,陈敏,汤晓安,陈明生,杨强.动态军标符号的实现方法研究[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28(12):3023-3026.
[51]梅霞,郝建新,汤晓安,李欢. MGIS中军标符号库的设计与应用研究[J].现代电子技术, 2008, 2:101-105.
[52]鞠时光.对象关系型数据库管理系统的开发技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001.
[53]杨小莉.态势标绘中态势图的生成研究[J].光电与控制, 2004, 11(2):68-70.
[2]李玉阳,晋朝勃,笪良龙,卢晓亭. MGIS技术在海军信息战中的应用[J].指挥控制与仿真, 2007, 29(3):117-120.
[3] Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces, Naval Studies Board. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps 2000-2035 Becoming 21st-Century Force Information in Warfare[R].Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997.
[4] V. E. CLARK. Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Geospatial Information and Services Support to Joint Operations[R] Washington D.C National Academy Press, 2005.
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldwide_Military_Command_and_Control_System.
[6]科技部国家遥感中心.地理信息系统与管理决策[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[7] UNCLASSIFIED. Capstone Requirements Document (CRD), Global Information Grid (GIG) [R]. USA, 2001.
[8] DoD Chief Information Officer. Guidance and Policy M emorandum No6- 8510: Department of Defense Global Information Grid Information Assurance [R].U SA, 2000.
[9]王家耀.地理信息系统的发展及其在信息战中的应用[J].信息工程大学学报,2004, 5(2):103-107.
[10]徐青伟.基于地理信息的军用标绘平台的设计与实现[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2003.
[11]章珍.计算机标图的实践及其军事应用[J].江苏测绘, 2001, 24(1):47-48.
[12]王净.基于COM结构的军事标图组件的设计与实现[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学, 2003.
[13]王伟,张波,殷赣华,范业稳.基于COM技术的地图符号库结构设计与实现[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2002,27(3):296-303.
[14]李兵,叶海建,方金云,肖国.图元法符号库的设计思想研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(17):36-42.
[15]汪荣峰,廖学军,唐立文.通用矢量地图符号库中的图元设计[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2008,19(2):87-93.
[16]鲍秀芝,达汉桥,张祖勋.矢量地图符号制作系统的设计和实现[J].测绘通报,1996,(12):28-30.
[17] David F. On the Design of Point Symbol for Tourist Maps[J]. The Cartographic Journal, 1998, 35(1):35-40.
[18]杨强.三维军标生成与态势标绘技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[19] ESRI. Installing and Getting Started with Defense Solutions[C].2008.
[20]王青山,张永强.计算机辅助标图[J].解放军测绘学院学报, 1994, 11(3):197-201.
[21]赵军喜,张亚军,王净.自动化标图系统中军标库的设计与实现[J].解放军测绘研究所学报, 1999, 22(1):45-49.
[22]孔维.三维非规则军队标号的研究与实现[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2005.
[23] Jim Durbin, J. Edward Swan II, Brad Colbert, John Crowe, Rob King, Tony King, Christopher Scannell, Zachary Wartell, Terry Welsh, Battlefield Visualization on the Responsive Workbench[C]. Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 1998, pages 463-466.
[24] Youngseok Kim, ThenKurussi Kesavadas. Automated Dynamic Symbology for Visualization of High Level Fusion [Z]. 2004.
[25] Dan Hagens,Jeremiah Montgomery,Christopher Moore.Developing Custom 3D Visualization Applications for Defense Using ArcGIS[R].Next Generation Command and Control System Tactical Operations Center 3D Program Concurrent Technologies Corporation, 2005.
[26]汤晓安,陈敏.一种基于网格控制的3维军标符号动态建模与优化方法[J].中国图像图形学报, 2009, 14(9):1919-1925.
[27] Jim Mossman. Data Deja View: special symbols for special needs [J]. ArcUser: ESRI Software Users, 2003, (7):32-35.
[28] Jeliot Feibush, Nikhil Gagvani, Daniel Williama. Visualization for situation avareness [J]. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2000, 20(5):38-45.
[29]修胜龙.协作型作战图形标绘系统设计与实现[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2000.
[30] Greenberg S, Marwood D.Realtime Groupware as a Distributed System: Concurrency Control and its Efect on the Interface. In Proceedings of the AC M' 94 Conference on CSCW. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: ACM Press, 1994. 207-217.
[31]杨健,高文逸,王衍波.一种作战文书军事标图自动化方法[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 7(6): 553-558.
[32]胡斌,汤伟,刘晓明.基于自然语言理解的文本标图系统设计与实现[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 6(2):132-137.
[33] Wong K F, LI W J, Yuan C F. Classifying temporal concepts in chinese for information extraction[J]. Proceedings of 5th Natural Language Processing Pacfic Rim Symposium, 1999, 6(1):172-177.
[34] MARY E C, RAYMOND J M. Relational learning of pattern-match rules for information extraction[J]. Proceedings of the sixteenth National conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI99), 1999, 11(3):328-334.
[35] SODERLAND G. Learing text analysis rules for domain-specific natural language processing [D]. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1997.
[36] COLLINS M, MILLER S.Semantic tagging using a probabilistic context free grammar[EB/OL].http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/mcollins/papers/wvlcb.finas.ps,2003-12-22.
[37]蔡益朝.态势评估中的兵力聚合技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[38]肖奇伟.空间环境建模中地图符号设计与标绘技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2004.
[39] Jinping Li, Chongjun Yang, Jianbing Zhang, Internet GIS Based Army Symbol Collaborative Mapping System [J]. IEEE, 2004.
[40] Miao Yu, Meixian Sun, Junhua Teng, Xiaojuan Li, Weiguang Zhang. Design and Implementation of Common Map Symbol System in GIS[J]. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008, 2-1349.
[41]张剑波,刘丹,陈宇.基于MAPGIS的军事标图系统的设计[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2002,27(3):301-305.
[42]陈引川.战场态势信息系统的研究与实现[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学, 2006.
[43]王妮.基于MapObjects的军事标图系统的关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2006.
[44]周岩.虚拟战场环境构建技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2004.
[45]李欢.面向作战保障的海战场环境信息集成与应用关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2009.
[46]谢国文,吴秋云,钟志农,李军.基于ArcGIS图元的军事标图系统[J].兵工自动化, 2011, 30(9):93-96.
[47]杨若鹏,杨建军,黄伟.军事标图系统体系结构及关键技术[J].火力与控制,2011, 36(4):168-171.
[48]姚海龙,齐锋.军事标图系统中复杂军标的实现方法[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2000, 22(2):60-62.
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[50]赵周,陈敏,汤晓安,陈明生,杨强.动态军标符号的实现方法研究[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28(12):3023-3026.
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