军事犯罪适用罚金刑问题研究
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摘要
刑罚轻缓化是刑法发展的基本趋势之一,而罚金刑始终在刑罚轻缓化的进程中发挥着重要的作用,在各国的适用率越来越高。随着我国刑事政策向科学化、文明化、轻缓化发展,新修订的刑法中大大增加了罚金刑的适用范围。然而较之罚金刑在普通犯罪领域的广泛应用及取得的明显效果,其在我国军事刑事犯罪体系中的地位却很低,能够适用罚金刑的罪名只涉及到危害国防利益罪一章中的几个。
本文从军事犯罪和罚金刑的概念、范围及本质等方面入手,阐明了军事犯罪中引入罚金刑的理论正当性,并就当前国外和国内军事犯罪中适应罚金刑的概况进行比较,从物质上的基础、思想上的进步和观念上的改变三个方面分析了军事犯罪中适应罚金刑的可行性。并提出了在军事犯罪中适应罚金刑的基本思路。
The mitigation of penalty is one of the basic trends of the development of the criminal law, and the fine punishment always plays an important role in the process of the mitigation of penalty, with increasing applicable rates in the countries. With the scientific, civilized and mitigated development of China's criminal policies, the scope of application of the fine punishment in the newly revised Criminal Law has been greatly expanded. However, compared with the wide use and the obvious results of the fine punishment in the field of ordinary crime, its place is very low in our military criminal system. And there only a few crimes involving in the chapter of the crimes against the interests of national defense can apply the fine punishment.
Starting from the concept, scope and nature of the military crimes and the fine punishment, the paper tries to clarify the theoretical legitimacy of the introduction of the fine punishment to the military criminal, makes comparison between the overviews of the application of fine punishment in foreign and domestic military crimes, and analyzes the feasibility of applying the fine punishment in the military crimes from three aspects:the material basis, the ideological progress and the changed concepts. Meanwhile, the paper proposes the basic ideas of applying the fine punishment in the military crimes.
本文从军事犯罪和罚金刑的概念、范围及本质等方面入手,阐明了军事犯罪中引入罚金刑的理论正当性,并就当前国外和国内军事犯罪中适应罚金刑的概况进行比较,从物质上的基础、思想上的进步和观念上的改变三个方面分析了军事犯罪中适应罚金刑的可行性。并提出了在军事犯罪中适应罚金刑的基本思路。
The mitigation of penalty is one of the basic trends of the development of the criminal law, and the fine punishment always plays an important role in the process of the mitigation of penalty, with increasing applicable rates in the countries. With the scientific, civilized and mitigated development of China's criminal policies, the scope of application of the fine punishment in the newly revised Criminal Law has been greatly expanded. However, compared with the wide use and the obvious results of the fine punishment in the field of ordinary crime, its place is very low in our military criminal system. And there only a few crimes involving in the chapter of the crimes against the interests of national defense can apply the fine punishment.
Starting from the concept, scope and nature of the military crimes and the fine punishment, the paper tries to clarify the theoretical legitimacy of the introduction of the fine punishment to the military criminal, makes comparison between the overviews of the application of fine punishment in foreign and domestic military crimes, and analyzes the feasibility of applying the fine punishment in the military crimes from three aspects:the material basis, the ideological progress and the changed concepts. Meanwhile, the paper proposes the basic ideas of applying the fine punishment in the military crimes.
引文
①高铭暄,孙晓.宽严相济刑事政策与罚金刑改革[J].法学论坛.2009(2)
①邱兴隆,许章润.刑罚学[M].中国政法大学出版社,1999.第116-117页
②钱寿根，王继.军事刑法学[M].国防大学出版社,2007.第184-185页
①张建田.论新刑法中“军法从严”原则的体现[J].中国军法,1997(11)
①池清旺,胡伟.对军法从严的反思[J].西安政治学院学报2008(6)
①[英]吉米·边沁著,李贵方等译.立法理论——刑法典原理[M].中国人民公安大学出版社1993年版,第70页
①林山田.刑罚学台[M].台北商务印书馆1983年第2版,第279页
邱兴隆.刑法理性评论[M].中国政法大学出版社1994年版,第471页
①高铭暄,马克昌主编.刑法学[M].高等教育出版社2000年版,第250页
①高明暄.刑法专论(上编)[M].高等教育出版社2002年版,第583页
[1]陈兴良.本体刑法学[M].北京：商务印书馆.2001
[2]腾作鹏.我国军事犯罪研究[D].西安：西安政治学院硕士论文.2007
[3]钱寿根,王继.军事刑法学[M].北京：国防大学出版社,2007
[4]高铭暄,马克昌.刑法学[M].北京：北京大学出版社、高等教育出版社,2000
[5]邹晓翔.试论罚金刑易科制度[J].咸宁师专学报,2002,(5)
[6]马登民,徐安住著.财产刑研究[M].北京：中国检察出版社,1999
[7]王琼.罚金刑实证研究[M].北京：法律出版社,2009
[8]周健.外国军事法史[M].北京：法律出版社,2007
[9]马克昌.刑法学全书[M].上海：上海科技文献出版社,1993
[10]邱兴隆等.刑罚学[M].北京：群众出版社,1988
[11]马克昌等.论刑罚的本质[J].法学评论,1995,(5)
[12][日]宫泽浩一等.演习刑事政策[M].台湾：青林出版社,1972
[13][美]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1988
[14]储槐植.试论刑罚机制[C].改革开放与刑法发展.中国检察出版社,1993
[15]黄风译.《意大利军事刑法典》,北京：中国政法大学出版社,1998
[16]田龙海,张朝晖选编.军事司法制度研究[M].西安：西安政治学院训练部,2005
[17]夏勇,徐高.中外军事刑法比较[M].北京：法律出版社,1998
[18]邱景辉.罚金刑执行与监督若干问题研究[M].人民检察,2004,(2)
①邱兴隆,许章润.刑罚学[M].中国政法大学出版社,1999.第116-117页
②钱寿根，王继.军事刑法学[M].国防大学出版社,2007.第184-185页
①张建田.论新刑法中“军法从严”原则的体现[J].中国军法,1997(11)
①池清旺,胡伟.对军法从严的反思[J].西安政治学院学报2008(6)
①[英]吉米·边沁著,李贵方等译.立法理论——刑法典原理[M].中国人民公安大学出版社1993年版,第70页
①林山田.刑罚学台[M].台北商务印书馆1983年第2版,第279页
邱兴隆.刑法理性评论[M].中国政法大学出版社1994年版,第471页
①高铭暄,马克昌主编.刑法学[M].高等教育出版社2000年版,第250页
①高明暄.刑法专论(上编)[M].高等教育出版社2002年版,第583页
[1]陈兴良.本体刑法学[M].北京：商务印书馆.2001
[2]腾作鹏.我国军事犯罪研究[D].西安：西安政治学院硕士论文.2007
[3]钱寿根,王继.军事刑法学[M].北京：国防大学出版社,2007
[4]高铭暄,马克昌.刑法学[M].北京：北京大学出版社、高等教育出版社,2000
[5]邹晓翔.试论罚金刑易科制度[J].咸宁师专学报,2002,(5)
[6]马登民,徐安住著.财产刑研究[M].北京：中国检察出版社,1999
[7]王琼.罚金刑实证研究[M].北京：法律出版社,2009
[8]周健.外国军事法史[M].北京：法律出版社,2007
[9]马克昌.刑法学全书[M].上海：上海科技文献出版社,1993
[10]邱兴隆等.刑罚学[M].北京：群众出版社,1988
[11]马克昌等.论刑罚的本质[J].法学评论,1995,(5)
[12][日]宫泽浩一等.演习刑事政策[M].台湾：青林出版社,1972
[13][美]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1988
[14]储槐植.试论刑罚机制[C].改革开放与刑法发展.中国检察出版社,1993
[15]黄风译.《意大利军事刑法典》,北京：中国政法大学出版社,1998
[16]田龙海,张朝晖选编.军事司法制度研究[M].西安：西安政治学院训练部,2005
[17]夏勇,徐高.中外军事刑法比较[M].北京：法律出版社,1998
[18]邱景辉.罚金刑执行与监督若干问题研究[M].人民检察,2004,(2)