基于灰色关联度的集成/智能数字控制研究
摘要
论文探讨和研究了一种新型的以制造为目的和导向的数字控制软件平台——集成/智能数字控制(Integrated/Intelligent numerical control,INC)。INC提出了一种崭新的集成化的理念,它修改传统CIMS大而全的策略方法,基于对制造过程各个子过程和与企业生产的灰色关联度分析并对其进行精简化和快捷化,提炼出与制造密切相关的子过程作为INC的工作模块,搭建出小而精的、在中小企业切实需要和可行的工作流程架构,产生出一种以提高制造效率、质量为目的,适和现代制造业市场需要,可能并且可以切实被贯彻和实施的先进制造的平台;同时它不仅仅是一种集成的数字制造平台,也是一种崭新思想和方法。它在讨论一种新型数控技术的同时,还探求出一种比传统的CIMS在中小企业的更便捷可行的解决方案。
CIMS的理念是一种先进的思想方法,但却不能在中、小型的企业得到很好的推行,即使其中的一个ERP部分在中国成功推行的案例也很少。实际上,很多的中、小企业普遍存在着CAD、CAPP、CNC的自动化孤岛问题。当今随着芯片技术的发展,嵌入式微处理器正成为后PC时代的市场主流,并向高速、智能化的方向发展,其在功能、结构、接口、通信等方面都具有优越性,这些优越性都很好的满足了现代数控的发展需求。而在软件方面,先进图象处理技术以及先进数据处理方法的不断涌现也大大改善了计算机辅助技术的效率和方法。这些条件都使CIMS的核心模块能够在中、小企业顺利和有效的实施。
本文基于以制造为导向的生成过程子部件灰色关联度的分析,提出了了集成/智能数字控制的基本理论,把中、小企业急需的CAD、CAPP、DFM、CAM、CNC等CIMS的重要功能模块集成到INC中,并依2.5D经济型数字控制的需求规划和提取出INC的6个子部件,系统的阐述了INC狭义和广义的概念、体系架构和有关关键技术探讨和分析。
论文聚焦于探讨和研究INC的几个关键技术,围绕如何精简和快捷化制造过程子模块展开。其一是面向CNC的CAD技术(CAD technology oriented to CNC,CADoCNC)。面向CNC的CAD技术是以制造为导向的设计技术,它切合工程图纸电算化和工程设计数字化的需求,提供对工程图纸信息的数字一体化处理,对设计信息的后续优化,以及多设计方案和决策的多准则规划集成等等功能。论文集中对可以有效改进2.5D经济型数控制造的设计前处理和设计后优化方法做了探讨和分析,具体包括了基于现代图像处理技术的的前处理技术和基于现代数学方法的设计后处理算法。基于图像处理的前处理技术可以实现产品数字图像和设计矢量化图形的无缝链接,而基于拓展PROMETHEE的群体多准则集成方法可以用于提高设计方案准则规划的效率。
其二是面向数控的CAPP技术(CAPP technology oriented to CNC,CAPPoCNC)。其特点是面向制造特征的信息提取与应用以及与PDM的集成,具体主要包含了基于特征的制造信息的过程表达与应用,以及加工过程中常涉及到的非线性工艺涉及过程的研究,这里针对工业应用中较常遇到的非线性工艺过程我们提出了采用基于精英选择遗传的工序优化方法来获得最优/较优的工序序列,并把PDM集成到INC的应用中。
其三也是INC的CNC内核部分是基于CAD/CAPP的CNC技术(CNC technology based on CNC,CNCbCAD/CAPP),论文重点讨论了基于遗传算法的多工艺流程生产排产决策方法,以及基于STEP-NC扩展的智能CNC,包括INC对STEP-NC的扩展介绍、AP238的应用分析以及基于INC标准的改进型INC构架,对INC的解释器模型的建立以及功能模块的划分,论文同时论述了INC对2.5D经济型数控机床运动特征的STEP扩展描述方法,并给出了一种可用的INC标准的应用集成解决方法。它们是INC用于大规模生产和实现INC管控一体化的重要支撑。
最后论文研究了INC实施的有关关键问题,其核心内容包括:硬件实施部分包含了嵌入式系统和微控制器技术,实时策略和方法,CNC设备级通信技术等等。我们建立了基于CAN总线模块,采用分布式的嵌入式控制结构代替PC机的开放式数控体系,并基于RTAI的实时解决方案来达到工业设备级的实时要求的硬件架构方案来作为INC实施的硬件平台。然后论文以2.5D经济型数字控制的INC实施为目标做了系统软件实施的案例分析,分别论述了狭义INC在Windows模式下和Linux与嵌入式Linux模式下的实现方法与实现过程,并给出了一个直观的INC的工作的执行过程。
整篇论文从系统学、方法论、哲学、制造工程、控制工程等等角度系统的论证和研究了新的数字控制体系INC——集成/智能数字控制体系。它用一种崭新的理念和角度来研究和解决传统的设计、工艺、制造的自动化孤岛问题,并针对2.5D的经济型数字控制给出了有效的INC解决方案,使论文提出的各项理论和关键技术应用于实际,解决了现实工程中所遇到的难题,提高了生产和制造效率。
This paper has a discussion and research on a new type of numerical control software platform INC, which is the abbreviation of integrated/intelligent numerical control. It is oriented to manufacturing. It has adopted an integrated philosophy, which abandoned the traditional big and complete objective but refined a small and selected feasible way to enhance the manufacturing efficiency and the quality of product. As well as discussing about a new type of numerical control, the paper also seeks for a more feasible solution of traditional CIMS in the small and medium size business. The main content and contributes of this paper main includes:
Basing on the background, significance, the existing condition and the development trend of the research or modern numerical control technology, paper proposes the main content, and introduces the relative technological base of the topic. It does a research on the basic theory of the integrated/intelligent numerical control. Having analyzed the content of CIMS and it essential content, it plans and extracts the six part modules INC according to the 2.5D economical CNC. And it defines the content of narrow-sense INC and broad-sense INC, architecture and the relative key techniques.
Paper also has a deep study of the three key technologies of INC. The first is CAD technology oriented to the CNC (CADoCNC). It includes the relative techniques and the realization method. After presenting the concept of CAD technology oriented to the CNC according to the requirement of engineering area, It does a further study of the main three techniques of CADoCNC. They are image preprocessing technique, image VQ technique, DFM technique and CAD/CAPP integrated technique. CADoCNC meets for the requirement of the numeralization of design in engineering area. Paper also gives an algorithm after design which is named group mutli-regualtion integration method base on extended PROMETHEE. It can enhance the efficiency of decision of selection of many plans of design.
The second is CAPP Technology oriented to CNC (CAPPoCNC). It includes the concept, characteristics, the basic theory and the key technology. The main technology includes nonlinear process decision technology, manufacturing information and expression based on features, PDM integrated within CAPPoCNC and CAD/CAPP integrated based on PE. Based on this, we build a CAPP part module including CAPP, PDM, design/process/manufacturing parallel processing fuctions.
The third is CAD/CAPP technology based on CNC (CNCbCAD/CAPP). The kernel technology includes the intelligent CNC technology based on STEP-NC, embedded system and microcontroller technology, realtime technology and the new CNC device level communication technology. It also introduces their fuctions and does a comparison and detailed discussion on different solutions. Finally we give a solution of open architecture, which uses CAN bus, distributed embed control system instead of PC and RTAI real-time solution to meet the time requirements of industrial device level. It has solved the key problem of INC.
Paper also does a research and discussion on the inheritance algorithm of mutli-process decision for production arrangement and the intelligent CNC based on the STEP-NC extension, which main includes the introduction of STEP-NC, analysis of AP238 and some relative techniques. And we also suggest a modified INC architecture. Based on this, we build the interpreter model and do the division of function modules and do a detailed analysis of the working principle of it. Finally, it gives an integrated solution of getting a INC file based on the INC standard.
Additionally, paper also a discussion and research on the collaborative method of INC. It proposed a collaborative manufacturing architecture of autonomous distributed units, and extends it to the level of embedded system. And in this chapter, it gives two examples, which are based on Windows platform and Linux platform. It describes the realization and implements process and gives a visualized course of the whole circuit of narrow sense INC.
Paper does a discussion and research on INC with the methods of systematics, methodology, philosophy, manufacturing engineering, control engineering and some other aspects. It uses a new research philosophy and angle to deal with“separated island problem”of the traditional design, process, and manufacturing process. Toward the 2.5D economical CNC, it gives a effective solution of INC, which makes the theory and the principle of INC can be used and verified in practical applications. It have solved the difficulty in actual manufacturing process, and enhanced the efficiency of manufacturing.
CIMS的理念是一种先进的思想方法,但却不能在中、小型的企业得到很好的推行,即使其中的一个ERP部分在中国成功推行的案例也很少。实际上,很多的中、小企业普遍存在着CAD、CAPP、CNC的自动化孤岛问题。当今随着芯片技术的发展,嵌入式微处理器正成为后PC时代的市场主流,并向高速、智能化的方向发展,其在功能、结构、接口、通信等方面都具有优越性,这些优越性都很好的满足了现代数控的发展需求。而在软件方面,先进图象处理技术以及先进数据处理方法的不断涌现也大大改善了计算机辅助技术的效率和方法。这些条件都使CIMS的核心模块能够在中、小企业顺利和有效的实施。
本文基于以制造为导向的生成过程子部件灰色关联度的分析,提出了了集成/智能数字控制的基本理论,把中、小企业急需的CAD、CAPP、DFM、CAM、CNC等CIMS的重要功能模块集成到INC中,并依2.5D经济型数字控制的需求规划和提取出INC的6个子部件,系统的阐述了INC狭义和广义的概念、体系架构和有关关键技术探讨和分析。
论文聚焦于探讨和研究INC的几个关键技术,围绕如何精简和快捷化制造过程子模块展开。其一是面向CNC的CAD技术(CAD technology oriented to CNC,CADoCNC)。面向CNC的CAD技术是以制造为导向的设计技术,它切合工程图纸电算化和工程设计数字化的需求,提供对工程图纸信息的数字一体化处理,对设计信息的后续优化,以及多设计方案和决策的多准则规划集成等等功能。论文集中对可以有效改进2.5D经济型数控制造的设计前处理和设计后优化方法做了探讨和分析,具体包括了基于现代图像处理技术的的前处理技术和基于现代数学方法的设计后处理算法。基于图像处理的前处理技术可以实现产品数字图像和设计矢量化图形的无缝链接,而基于拓展PROMETHEE的群体多准则集成方法可以用于提高设计方案准则规划的效率。
其二是面向数控的CAPP技术(CAPP technology oriented to CNC,CAPPoCNC)。其特点是面向制造特征的信息提取与应用以及与PDM的集成,具体主要包含了基于特征的制造信息的过程表达与应用,以及加工过程中常涉及到的非线性工艺涉及过程的研究,这里针对工业应用中较常遇到的非线性工艺过程我们提出了采用基于精英选择遗传的工序优化方法来获得最优/较优的工序序列,并把PDM集成到INC的应用中。
其三也是INC的CNC内核部分是基于CAD/CAPP的CNC技术(CNC technology based on CNC,CNCbCAD/CAPP),论文重点讨论了基于遗传算法的多工艺流程生产排产决策方法,以及基于STEP-NC扩展的智能CNC,包括INC对STEP-NC的扩展介绍、AP238的应用分析以及基于INC标准的改进型INC构架,对INC的解释器模型的建立以及功能模块的划分,论文同时论述了INC对2.5D经济型数控机床运动特征的STEP扩展描述方法,并给出了一种可用的INC标准的应用集成解决方法。它们是INC用于大规模生产和实现INC管控一体化的重要支撑。
最后论文研究了INC实施的有关关键问题,其核心内容包括:硬件实施部分包含了嵌入式系统和微控制器技术,实时策略和方法,CNC设备级通信技术等等。我们建立了基于CAN总线模块,采用分布式的嵌入式控制结构代替PC机的开放式数控体系,并基于RTAI的实时解决方案来达到工业设备级的实时要求的硬件架构方案来作为INC实施的硬件平台。然后论文以2.5D经济型数字控制的INC实施为目标做了系统软件实施的案例分析,分别论述了狭义INC在Windows模式下和Linux与嵌入式Linux模式下的实现方法与实现过程,并给出了一个直观的INC的工作的执行过程。
整篇论文从系统学、方法论、哲学、制造工程、控制工程等等角度系统的论证和研究了新的数字控制体系INC——集成/智能数字控制体系。它用一种崭新的理念和角度来研究和解决传统的设计、工艺、制造的自动化孤岛问题,并针对2.5D的经济型数字控制给出了有效的INC解决方案,使论文提出的各项理论和关键技术应用于实际,解决了现实工程中所遇到的难题,提高了生产和制造效率。
This paper has a discussion and research on a new type of numerical control software platform INC, which is the abbreviation of integrated/intelligent numerical control. It is oriented to manufacturing. It has adopted an integrated philosophy, which abandoned the traditional big and complete objective but refined a small and selected feasible way to enhance the manufacturing efficiency and the quality of product. As well as discussing about a new type of numerical control, the paper also seeks for a more feasible solution of traditional CIMS in the small and medium size business. The main content and contributes of this paper main includes:
Basing on the background, significance, the existing condition and the development trend of the research or modern numerical control technology, paper proposes the main content, and introduces the relative technological base of the topic. It does a research on the basic theory of the integrated/intelligent numerical control. Having analyzed the content of CIMS and it essential content, it plans and extracts the six part modules INC according to the 2.5D economical CNC. And it defines the content of narrow-sense INC and broad-sense INC, architecture and the relative key techniques.
Paper also has a deep study of the three key technologies of INC. The first is CAD technology oriented to the CNC (CADoCNC). It includes the relative techniques and the realization method. After presenting the concept of CAD technology oriented to the CNC according to the requirement of engineering area, It does a further study of the main three techniques of CADoCNC. They are image preprocessing technique, image VQ technique, DFM technique and CAD/CAPP integrated technique. CADoCNC meets for the requirement of the numeralization of design in engineering area. Paper also gives an algorithm after design which is named group mutli-regualtion integration method base on extended PROMETHEE. It can enhance the efficiency of decision of selection of many plans of design.
The second is CAPP Technology oriented to CNC (CAPPoCNC). It includes the concept, characteristics, the basic theory and the key technology. The main technology includes nonlinear process decision technology, manufacturing information and expression based on features, PDM integrated within CAPPoCNC and CAD/CAPP integrated based on PE. Based on this, we build a CAPP part module including CAPP, PDM, design/process/manufacturing parallel processing fuctions.
The third is CAD/CAPP technology based on CNC (CNCbCAD/CAPP). The kernel technology includes the intelligent CNC technology based on STEP-NC, embedded system and microcontroller technology, realtime technology and the new CNC device level communication technology. It also introduces their fuctions and does a comparison and detailed discussion on different solutions. Finally we give a solution of open architecture, which uses CAN bus, distributed embed control system instead of PC and RTAI real-time solution to meet the time requirements of industrial device level. It has solved the key problem of INC.
Paper also does a research and discussion on the inheritance algorithm of mutli-process decision for production arrangement and the intelligent CNC based on the STEP-NC extension, which main includes the introduction of STEP-NC, analysis of AP238 and some relative techniques. And we also suggest a modified INC architecture. Based on this, we build the interpreter model and do the division of function modules and do a detailed analysis of the working principle of it. Finally, it gives an integrated solution of getting a INC file based on the INC standard.
Additionally, paper also a discussion and research on the collaborative method of INC. It proposed a collaborative manufacturing architecture of autonomous distributed units, and extends it to the level of embedded system. And in this chapter, it gives two examples, which are based on Windows platform and Linux platform. It describes the realization and implements process and gives a visualized course of the whole circuit of narrow sense INC.
Paper does a discussion and research on INC with the methods of systematics, methodology, philosophy, manufacturing engineering, control engineering and some other aspects. It uses a new research philosophy and angle to deal with“separated island problem”of the traditional design, process, and manufacturing process. Toward the 2.5D economical CNC, it gives a effective solution of INC, which makes the theory and the principle of INC can be used and verified in practical applications. It have solved the difficulty in actual manufacturing process, and enhanced the efficiency of manufacturing.
引文
[1].杨叔子,吴波.先进制造技术及其发展趋势[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(10):73-78.
[2].侯云春.加快形成中小企业协调发展格局[EB/OL]. http//www.setc.gov. en/qygg2001/setc-dygg2001. main0039. htm, 2001-12-31.
[3]. David S. Linthicum.B-B Application-e-business Your Enterprise. NY: Pearson Education,2001
[4].盛晓敏,邓朝晖.先进制造技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[5].张曙.制造战略面面观[J].中国制造业信息化, 2003, 9:32.
[6].李斌等,数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策[J].制造业信息化工程,2002.
[7].机械工业景气监测中心,中国数控机床现状分析[J], 2002.
[8].朱高峰.新世纪如何提高和发展我国制造业[J].制造业信息化, 2003,4(32).
[9].吴俊卿.基于嵌入式Linux数控系统平台的研究与开发[D],山东:山东大学,2002.
[10].孙斌,杨汝清,基于PC的数控系统的研究现状和发展趋势,机床与液压,2004.(4)
[11].王明端.计算机集成制造系统的应用[J].信息技术,2001,8:12-14.
[12].卢艳军,赵波等,基于PC的开放式数控系统控制器,机械工程师,2004. 8
[13].刘瑞安,嵌入式系统的特征、研究概况与设计实现,自动化与仪表,2004(3)
[14].吕京建,肖海桥,面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述,半导体技术,2001. 1
[15]. ISO 14649 - 11 : 2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Physical Device Control - Data Model for Computerized Numerical Cont rollers -Part 11 : Process Data for Milling[S] . ISO TC 184/SC 1 , 2003.
[16]. Harrington J.Computer integrated manufacturing [M].NewYork:springpublishing,1973.
[17].王长芝.计算机集成制造系统[J].机械工人(冷加工),2001,8:4-6.
[18].梅丛银.现代企业集成服务平台、发展和趋势[J].http://www.amteam.org/web/docs/bpwebsite.asp
[19].苏民.中小企业:政府扶持的重点一访全国推动中小企业发展工作领导小组办公室副主任狄娜[N].经济日报,2001-11-06(12).
[20].颜志刚.让创新精神真正受到激励——中小企业国际发展.论坛综述[N].经济日报,2001-11-05(14).
[21].胡燕海,叶飞帆.国外实施先进制造技术的成效.问题与对策.工业工程与管理,2000(1)
[22].朱高峰.新世纪如何提高和发展我国制造业.2002年中国机械工程学会年会论文.2002,12
[23].兰红波,刘日良,张承瑞.基于STEP-NC智能数控系统的研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,3,18 (6):692-696.
[24].谢鹏寿,康永平.基于STEP的三维CAD和PDM系统集成方法研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,2,28(3):671-673转686.
[25].祝海涛,邱长华,刘崇. STEP-NC加工特征提取的研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,8,27(4):565-569.
[26].刘涛,韩振宇,王永章等.基于ISO14649标准的STEP-NC程序生成器[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,2,14(2):393-397
[27].展勇.基于STEP-NC的信息提取及刀具轨迹规划技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,2006,6
[28].赵东.面向CIMS的集成DNC[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2003,2(2):120-121.
[29].高军礼,李迪,郑时雄,等.开放式计算机系统的构建[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,5(5):55-57.
[30].赖国庭,吴玉厚,富大伟.开放式数控系统的发展及性能研究[J].机械与电子.2003 (2)
[31]. Official STEP-NC website: http://www.step-nc.org
[32].李伯虎,吴澄.发展中的CIMS[J].CIMS,2000,6(2)2
[33].熊光楞.计算机集成制造与并行工程.863/CIMS资料,1994(4)
[34].李伯虎,等.863/CIMS主题[A].863/CIMS主题应用示范工程经验交流会文集[C].北京:清华大学出版,1998.
[35].刘飞.制造自动化的广义内涵.研究现状和发展趋势.机械工程学报,1999,35(1)
[36].徐晓飞,田雨华,薛劲松.计算机集成制造系统知识新解[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2000.
[37].吴澄,李伯虎.从计算机集成制造系统到现代集成制造系统[J].CIMS,1998,10:1-6.
[38].吴澄主编.现代集成制造系统导论——概念、方法、技术和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[39].孙才志等.关于灰色关联度的理论探讨[J],世界地质,2000, 09:248-270.
[40].刘吉林.中国轻工业与三次产业的灰色关联度分析[J],内蒙古财经学院学报,2004, 01:8-10.
[41].杨勇等.茶叶深加工、综合利用与产业关联度分析[J],茶叶,2004, 30 (1) : 9-11.
[42].李怀春等.产业关联分析在调整油田产业结构中的应用[J],西安石油学院学报(社会科学版),1999, 02:36-38.
[43].赵炳新.产业关联分析中的图论模型及应用研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,1996, 02:39-41.
[44].武正华.关联度和相关系数在实际应用中的关系探讨[J],盐城工学院学报,1998, 03:35-37.
[45].林鹏程,吴启勋.灰色关联度分析及应用[J],盐湖研究,2001, 06:48-50.
[46].李明凉.灰色关联度新到别准则及其计算公式[J],系统工程,1998, 01:68-70.
[47].关晓吉,马云东,刘利军.灰色关联度在阜新支柱产业体系构建中的应用[J],辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2003, 11:40-42.
[48].司秀林.灰色系统关联度分析[J],辽阳石油化工高等专科学校学报,2002, 09: 40-41.
[49].熊光楞.并行工程的理论与实践[M] .北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[50].杨东勇,蒋静坪,新一代智能数控的研究现状与发展,组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001. (7)
[51].王兴波,万斌.二维零件DXF数据的获取与数控加工[J].制造业自动化, 2003, 6: 34 - 36.
[52].王欣,魏生民.基于ActiveX技术的图纸标题栏信息自动提取.计算机研究与发展,37(4): 507~512
[53].杨若瑜,谭俊等.基于图形理解技术的钢筋量数系统—VHStation.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001, 12(9):688~694
[54].张金萍,倪洪启,罗鹏等,DXF文件在复杂图形数控加工中的应用[J] , 2004年6月,第18卷第2期
[55].徐丽梅,俞涛.基于图像的水射流切割CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系统.液压与机床,2002,6: 65-66.
[56].刘玉兰.光栅图像矢量化技术研究. [硕士学位论文], 2005,4.
[57].王刚.直线以及圆弧矢量化的统计算法.中国图象图形学报, 1998,4.
[58].卫宁.工程图纸扫描输入与矢量化系统的研究.重庆大学学报, 1994,5: 42-47.
[59].周激流.工程图纸矢量化系统的研究.四川大学学报(自然科学版),1998,1: 65-70.
[60].赵志苏.一种基于特征参数匹配的工程图形矢量化方法.工程图学学报, 1998,2: 53-58.
[61].陈振宇.基于图段宏观特征的直线与圆弧矢量化方法.计算机辅助工程, 1998,4, 67-73.
[62].张显全.一种识别工程图的新方法.渝州大学学报(自然科学版), 2001,1: 25-27.
[63].陆的明,支持矢量图形的二维协同浏览、标注技术研究[D][硕士论文].西安:西北工业大学,2004
[64].黄国权,郭黎滨。基于AutoCAD的数控铣床图形编程中DXF文件的读取[J] .制造技术与机床,2004年第5期,47-49
[65].胡志超,王巍,多义线(polyline)优化DXF文件图形信息提取的研究[J],中国制造业信息化,2004年2月,第33卷第2期
[66].何爱新,徐弘山.面向并行工程的CAD/DFM/CAPP集成系统.北京理工大学学报,2000 ,20(1) : 94～97
[67].王先逵,白光建,刘成颖,等.冲压零件的DFM系统设计及实现方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版) , 1997 , 37(11) : 26 29.
[68].宋玉银,成晔,蔡复之,等.基于知识的集成化机械零件DFM方法研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版) , 1999 ,39 (8) : 21 24.
[69]. Brans J, Mareschal B. How to select and how to rank projects: The PROMETHEE method [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1986(24):228-238.
[70]. ASFernandez-Castro, JimenezM. PROMETHEE: anextension through fuzzy mathematical programming [J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2005,56(1):119-122.
[71]. Goumas M, Lygerou V. An extension of the PROMETHEE method for decision making in fuzzy environment: ranking of alternative energy exploitation [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,123: 606-613.
[72].王坚强.信息不完全确定的PROMETHEE方法及应用[J].系统工程与电子技术,2005,27(11):1909-1913.
[73].鞠芳辉,刘德学.建设项目方案环境影响德模糊PROMETHEE排序[J].管理工程学报,2003,17(3):85-89.
[74].任全,李为民,张文.客观赋权法指导下的部分权重信息多准则决策方法研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2004,34(7):86-90.
[75].高健,郑德涛等.基于特征映射的CAPP系统零件信息的自动输入[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术, 1998, (6) : 22～25
[76].万在红,王细洋,工艺数据模型的研究,CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2003(12):79。
[77].张绍润,常明,李春花,现代CAPP系统中工艺信息模型的研究,工程设计CAD与智能建筑,2002(11):46。
[78]. DONG Qiang,LIN Lan Fen,DONG Jin Xiang,Object-Oriented Process Infromation System:GS-CAPP,Journal of computer-aided design & computer graphics,2001,13(7):642～646。
[79].张蔚萍,尹显东.统一零件特征模型的建立.机械与电子,2002, (4) :65-67.
[80].李金良,孙宝兰,王光斗.基于特征的零件信息扩展实体联系模型.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002, (3):26-28
[81].王庆文.支持CAD/CAPP开放性信息共享的产品信息建模技术.计算机输助设计与制造,1996,(7):37-40
[82].姜少飞,潘双夏,冯培恩,徐有忠.面向CAD / CAPP集成的零件特征组合描述及其应用.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(8):781-786
[83].常向青,宁汝新.面向装配工艺规划与评价的装配特征建模.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS, 2001, 7(12):35-38
[84].沈梅,何小朝.基于装配特征的装配建模.中国机械工程,2001, 12 (9) :1025-1029.
[85]. X.G.Ming,K.L. Mak,J.Q. Yan,A PDES/STEP-based information model for computer-aided process planning,Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,1998(14):347～361。
[86]. K.K. Leong,K.M. Yu,W.B. Lee,Product data allocation for distributed product data management system,Computers in Industry,2002(47):289～298。
[87]. Franca Giannini,Marina Monti,Domenico Biondi,Flavio Bonfatti,Paola Daniela Monari,A modeling tool for the management of product data in a co-design environment,Computer-Aided Design,2002(34):1063～1073。
[88].仇晓黎,易红.面向网络化制造的装配CAPP系统产品信息服务.制造业自动化,2002, 24 (5) :14-18.
[89].盛步云,冯站峰,倪小平,等. PDM集成框架下CAPP与PDM的数据交换[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2003,6:446-478, 588.
[90]. Tu Yun, Chu Xu, Wang Wenyu. Computer-Aided Process Planning in virtual one-of-kind Production .Computer in Industry, 2000
[91].谢世坤.基于PDM环境下的CAD/CAPP/CAM集成研究.南昌大学学报(工科版).2002(9)
[92].陈靖芯.基于PDM的CAD, CAPP系统集成技术的研究.机械设计与制造.2002, 9(6)
[93].毛军波,俞涛,方明伦.PDM技术在集成化CAPP系统开发中的应用.机械设计与制造工程.1999.3,28(4):35-37
[94].秦宝荣、柯文等,基于遗传算法的箱体零件加工路线决策方法研究,中国机械工程,2002年13卷第24期:2071-2075
[95]. M.Shakeri,Implementation of an automated operation planning and optimum operation sequencing and tool selection algorithms,Computers in industry,Volume54,Issue3,August2004,Pages223-236
[96]. D.Kritsis,K.-P.Neuendorf and P.Xirouehakis,Petri net techniques for process planning cost estimation,Advances in Engineering Software,Volume30,Issue6,June1999,Pages375-387
[97]. JohnM.UsherandRoyee0.Bowden ,The application of genetic algorithms to operation sequencing for use in computer-aided process planning,Computers&Industrial Engineering,Volume30,Issue4,SePtember1996,Pages999-1013
[98]. W.D.Liy,S.K.ONGy,Hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing approach for the optimization of process plans for prismatic parts,International Journal of Production Research,2002,Vol.40,No.8:1899-1922
[99].房莉华,沈建新,廖文和.基于PDM的LAPP系统集成技术的研究与实现[[J].机械设计与制造工程,2001(3)
[100].孔宪光,许建新,张振明.基于PDM的企业工艺信息系统研究与开发.计算机应用。2003(12):271-273
[101]. Han J , Kang M , Choi H. STEP - Based Feature Recognition for Manufacturing Cost Optimization[J] . Computer - aided Design, 2001, 33 (9) : 671-686.
[102].张恒文,张敏,蔡颖,丁霞庆.基于PDM的CAPP集成化研究.数字设计与数字制造.2005(2):9-11
[103].王莉娟,宁汝新,张旭.数字化制造中的PDM与CAPP集成技术.航空制造技术.2005(5):48-50
[104].沙炎宾,田锡天,许建新,邹明政,刘书暖.基于PDM的CAPP系统研究与开发.制造业自动化2005(3):48-51
[105].贾晓亮,张振明,孔宪光,等. CAPP系统中工作流管理平台的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,15:13-14,59.
[106]. Edwards K L. Towards more strategic product design for manufacture and assembly: priorities for concurrent engineering [J] .Materials and Design , 2002 , 23 (7) : 651-656.
[107].崔丽华,杨文通,吴喜文.基于PDM的CAD/ CAPP/ CAM集成探讨. [EB/OL]http://www.icad.com.cn ,2005-10-19.
[108].盛步云,冯站峰,倪小平,周祖德.PDM集成框架下CAPP与PDM的数据交换,计算机集成制造系统CIMS. 2003(6):476-479
[109].张红旗,曹文纲等.基于PRO/TOOLKIT的PRO/E二次开发技术的应用[J].机床与液压, 2002 ( 5 ) :129～131.
[110].胡俊,王宇晗等,数控技术的现状和发展趋势,机械工程师,2000. 3
[111].张英杰,韩庆瑶等,现代数控系统的特点和发展趋势,中国制造业信息化,2004.(9)
[112].席俊杰,数控技术和机床数控化改造,2002. 8
[113].文广,马宏伟,数控技术的现状及发展趋势,机械工程师,2003. 1
[114].马义德,刘映杰等,嵌入式系统的现状及发展前景,信息技术,2001. 12
[115].李佑军,嵌人式系统综述,现代电子技术,2003. (6)
[116]. Andrew S Tanenbaum. Modern operating systems [M]. New Jersey : Prentice Hall , 1999.
[117].李学忠,阳道善,唐小琦. Linux平台下的中断机制[J].现代计算机, 2001(9).
[118]. ISO 14649 - 1 :2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Physical Device Control– Data Model for Computerized Numerical Cont rollers -Part 1 : Overview and Fundamental Principles [S ] .ISO TC 184/ SC 1 , 2003.
[119]. ISO 14649 - 10 : 2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Physical Device Cont rol - Data Model for Computerized Numerical Cont rollers -Part 10 : General Process Data[S] . ISO TC 184/ SC1 , 2003.
[120]. Suh S H , Lee B E , Chung D H ,et al. Architecture and Implementation of a Shop - floor Programming System for STEP - Compliant CNC[J] . Computer- aided Design , 2003 ,35 (12) : 1069O1083.
[121].桂贵生,杜世昌.新型数控编程数据接口——STEP-NC[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2003 (3)
[122].张承瑞,刘日良,王恒.基于STEP的自动化制造前景[J].机械设计与制造工程. 2002.(12)
[123].林勇强,王旭海,邓家提.基于STEP标准的CAPP系统产品信息建模技术研究.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,1999,5(6):23-35.
[124]. S.H. Suh, B. E. Lee, D. H. Chung, S. U. Cheon Architecture and implementation of shop - floor programming system for STEP-compliant CNC. Computer–Aided Design, 2003, 35 (12) : 1069～1083.
[125]. Suh SH, Cheon SU. A framework for intelligent CNC and data model. Int J AdvManufact Technol, 2002, 19: 27～35.
[126].潘俊强,刘莉. Linux字符设备驱动程序的设计[J].杭州应用工程技术学院学报, 2000(9).
[127].刘云新,张尧学.一个基于Linux的嵌入式实时操作系统[J].计算机工程与应用, 2001(7).
[128]. Kernel Korner. Writing a Linux Driver[J]. Linux Journal, 1998, 48.
[129].徐广毅,张晓林.嵌入式Linux系统中GUI系统的研究与移植[J].单片机和嵌入式系统应用, 2004 (10).
[130].王爱玲等.现代数控机床.北京:国防工业出版社, 2003.4.
[131]. ISO TC184/SC1 /WG7. ISO 14649: Data model for computerized numerical controllers (D IS ballot version) , October 17.2000.
[132].刘又午,刘丽冰,赵小松等.数控机床误差补偿技术研究.中国机械工程,1998 , 9 (12) :48～52
[133].张虎,周云飞,唐小琦等.数控机床定位误差的软件补偿.华中科技大学学报, 2001 , 29 (4) : 47～49
[134]. Richard E. Neal.First Part Correct. Industrial Review Board Meeting e-Manufacturing using the Super Model,2000
[135].蔡理,陆启建.基于以太网的数控机床集成系统[J] .制造技术与机床. 2003(11) :69– 71.
[136].马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,等. ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础[M] .北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002 :6– 8.
[137]. TMS320C6411DIIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR ,Texas Instruments Incorporated ,2002 : 1– 5.
[138].陈闳中. Linux在嵌入式操作系统中的应用[J] .同济大学学报, 2001 ,29(5) :566.
[139].贺晓辉,鄢萍,刘飞,等.网络化制造中嵌入式Linux操作系统的开发[J].兵工自动化, 2004 , 23(3): 84–86.
[140].陈猛,赵继敏,ARM CPU S3C44BOX与C54X DSP的接口设计,计算机应用,2003.(3)
[141].马忠梅,徐英慧等,AT91系列ARM核微控制器结构与开发,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003. 1
[142]. SAMSUNG公司,S3C44BOX数据手册,
[143].吕京建,肖海桥,嵌入式处理器分类与现状,http://bol-system.com
[144].孙彦景,ARM处理器的HDLC通信的DMA实现,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002. 8
[145].吉隆伟,李侠,一种用于ARM处理器的增强DSP乘加单元,半导体技术,2003. 4
[146].秦牧云,陈涤非,ARM核SOCEF7312及基于EF7312控显系统的设计,航空电子技术,2003. 9
[147].万晨妍,基于ARM7TDMI的嵌入式系统设计与实现,计算机工程,2003. 10
[148]. S3C2410中文数据手册
[149].唐存锋.基于PC的开放式数控.北京工业大学学报,2001 (3) : 375～376
[150].刘大鹏.基于Windows CE的嵌入式操作系统的实时性分析.自动化技术与应用, 2002 (1) : 41～43
[151].张明亮.开发式数控体系结构的初步研究.中国机械工程, 2001 (11) : 42～45
[152].郭才旺.基于组件技术的开放式数控系统的研究.华中理工大学学报, 2000 (7) : 38～40
[153].周济.数控加工技术.国防工业出版社
[154].焦振学.微机数控技术.北京理工大学出版社
[155]. Windows CE. NET Documentation. Available at Windows CE.NET software
[156]. Leonard N E, Fiorelli E. Virtual leader, artificial potentials and coordinated control of group s[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control[C]. USA: IEEE, 2001. 2968 - 2973.
[157]. Tanner H G, Jadbabaie A, Pappas G J. Stable flocking of mobile agents, Part I: fixed topology[A ]. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control [C]. USA: IEEE,2003. 2010-2015.
[158]. O.fati-Saber R, Murray R M. Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time2delays[ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2004, 49 (9): 1520 - 1533.
[159]. Jadbabaie A, Lin J, Morse A S. Coordination of group s of mobile autonomous agents using nearest neighbor rules[ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2003, 48 (6) : 988 - 1001.
[160]. Lawton J R T, Beard R W, Young B J. A decentralized approach to formation maneuvers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 2003, 19 (6) : 933 - 941.
[161]. Motorola Inc. MC68F375 User’s Manual[Z]. 1998.
[162].叶佩青,汪劲松. MCX314运动控制芯片与数控系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002.
[163]. Cus F, MilfelnerM, Balic J. An intelligent system for monitoring and optimization of ball-end milling process [J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 175 (1/3) : 90-97.
[164]. Wang Lihui, Orban Peter, Cunningham Andrew, et al. Remote real-time CNC machining for web-based manufacturing[J]. Robotics and Com puter2Integrated Manufacturing,2004, 20 (6) : 563-571.
[165]. Bishop D, Waters G, Dale D, et al. Development of an autonomous 322bit intelligent device controller[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 1994, 352 (1/2) : 236-238.
[166]. Kim Daeyoung, Lee Yannhang, Younis Mohanmed. Software architecture supporting integrated real-time systems[J]. The Journal of System s and Software, 2003, 65 (1):71-86.
[167]. Vitturi S. PC-based automation systems: An example of application for the real-time control of blow machines [J].Computer Standards and Interfaces, 2004, 26 (2) : 145-155.
[168].韩青. RTOS的必备特性[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004 (2): 85-86.
[169].韩江,等.网络数控系统的概念及其技术内容[J].中国机械工程, 2001 (10) : 1141 - 1144.
[170]. D.Vladan. A Framework for Building Intelligent Manufacturing Systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C-Applications and Reviews, 1999,29(3)402-419.
[171]. DONG T Y, TONG R F , ZHANG L ,et al . Approach to cooperative assembly task planning for multiple manipulators [A] .Proceedings of the 8th International Conference Supported Cooperative Work in Design[C] . Hangzhou ,China :Zhejiang University Press ,2003. 202 - 208.
[172]. VALL E C D ,CAMACHO E F. Automatic assembly task assignment for a multiple - robot enviroment [J] . Cont rol Engineering Practice ,1996 ,14 (7) :915 - 921.
[173]. GAO Feng ,WANG Mingzhe. Study of Petri net s model and scheduling strategy for theassembly process [J] . Journal of Machinery and Electronics, 2004 , (5) :13 - 15 (in Chinese) .
[174].周凯,陆启建.基于现场总线的网络数控技术[J].制造技术与机床, 1997 (10) : 11 - 15.
[175].北京闻亭科技发展有限公司. TMS320F2812DSP控制器参考手册[M]. 1998.
[176].袁楚明,陈幼平,周祖德.基于Internet的远程诊断系统体系结构研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2001, 37(18): 45-46.
[177]. Zhang Chengrui, Wang Heng, Wang J ingkun. A USB-based software CNC system [ J ]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 139(1/3) : 286-290.
[178]. Rober Stephen J , Shin Yung C. Modeling and control of CNC machines using a PC-based open architecture controller [J]. M echatronics, 1995, 5 (4) : 401-420.
[179].李宏伟.基于MC68332的嵌入式数控系统开发平台的研究[D].天津:天津大学机械工程学院, 2003.
[180].李宏伟,王太勇,薛国光,等.基于嵌入式微控制器核心和层次化网络监控机制的开放结构数控系统的构建[J].振动与冲击, 2003, 22 (1) : 47-49.
[181]. Zhang Yanping , Zhang Chun. An Internet Based STEP Data Exchange Framework for Virtual Enterprises[J ] . Computers in Indust ry , 2000 ,41 (1) : 51-63.
[182]. Hisao I, ShinaM, HidesT. Modified SimulatedAnnealingAl-gorithms for the Flow Shop Sequencing Problem [J]. Euro J.of Operation Research, 1995, 81: 388-398.
[183]. Xu X W , He Q. Striving for a Total Integration of CAD , CAPP , CAM , and CNC [J] . Robotics and Computer - integrated Manufacturing , 2004 ,20 (2) : 101-109.
[184].胡德计.基于面向对象的CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC集成系统建模及其实现[D] .天津:天津大学,1999.
[185]. Grabowik C, Kalinowski K, Monica Z. Integration of the CAD/CAPP/PPC systems [J]. Materials Processing Technology,2005, 164～165: 1358～1359
[186]. ZHANG Weijun , JIA Chuansheng , YANG Ruqing. TPN -based robot assembly task planning[J] . China Machinical Engineering ,2002 ,13 (14) :1219 - 1222 (in Chinese) .
[187].姚堃,徐剑荣.数控技术在超高压水射流切割机床中的应用[A]. 2005年工控及自动化领域优秀论文/典型应用[C] . 2005.
[188].王文斌,俞涛,何永义.基于Linux的开放式磨料水射流数控系统[J] .机电一体化,2004 , (3) .
[189].王晖等.精通Visual C + + 6.0 [M] .北京:电子工业出版社, 2002.
[190]. Michael J. Young著,邱仲潘等译,Visual C++从入门到精通[M],电子工业出版社
[191]. Bjarne Stroustrup. C++程序设计语言[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[192]. GUL A A , FIORELLA D C , GRZEGORZ R. Concurrent object - oriented programming and Petri-net [M] . Berlin , Germany :Springer ,2001. 197 - 254.
[193].吴澄.现代集成制造系统导论-概念、方法、技术和应用[M] .北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
[194]. Zhang Yu, Xiong Man chen. The Information Integration of CAPP in CIMS [J] . Journal ofXiamen University (Natural Science) .2002.10
[195].熊光楞.并行工程的理论与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[196].陈晓川,张暴暴,刘晓冰,冯辛安.并行工程的研究概况综述[J].机械制造,1999,(3):9~11.
[197].杨世锡,胡小平.并行工程环境下的产品信息建模.浙江大学学报(自然科学版),1999,33(1):26-32.
[198].汪惠芬,张友良,罗定志.协同开发环境中的产品定义模型.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS, 2001, 7(3):26-31
[199]. Spur,Krause.虚拟产品开发技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[200].童秉枢,李建明,产品数据管理(PDM)技术,北京,清华大学出版社&施普林格出版社,2000,196。
[2].侯云春.加快形成中小企业协调发展格局[EB/OL]. http//www.setc.gov. en/qygg2001/setc-dygg2001. main0039. htm, 2001-12-31.
[3]. David S. Linthicum.B-B Application-e-business Your Enterprise. NY: Pearson Education,2001
[4].盛晓敏,邓朝晖.先进制造技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[5].张曙.制造战略面面观[J].中国制造业信息化, 2003, 9:32.
[6].李斌等,数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策[J].制造业信息化工程,2002.
[7].机械工业景气监测中心,中国数控机床现状分析[J], 2002.
[8].朱高峰.新世纪如何提高和发展我国制造业[J].制造业信息化, 2003,4(32).
[9].吴俊卿.基于嵌入式Linux数控系统平台的研究与开发[D],山东:山东大学,2002.
[10].孙斌,杨汝清,基于PC的数控系统的研究现状和发展趋势,机床与液压,2004.(4)
[11].王明端.计算机集成制造系统的应用[J].信息技术,2001,8:12-14.
[12].卢艳军,赵波等,基于PC的开放式数控系统控制器,机械工程师,2004. 8
[13].刘瑞安,嵌入式系统的特征、研究概况与设计实现,自动化与仪表,2004(3)
[14].吕京建,肖海桥,面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述,半导体技术,2001. 1
[15]. ISO 14649 - 11 : 2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Physical Device Control - Data Model for Computerized Numerical Cont rollers -Part 11 : Process Data for Milling[S] . ISO TC 184/SC 1 , 2003.
[16]. Harrington J.Computer integrated manufacturing [M].NewYork:springpublishing,1973.
[17].王长芝.计算机集成制造系统[J].机械工人(冷加工),2001,8:4-6.
[18].梅丛银.现代企业集成服务平台、发展和趋势[J].http://www.amteam.org/web/docs/bpwebsite.asp
[19].苏民.中小企业:政府扶持的重点一访全国推动中小企业发展工作领导小组办公室副主任狄娜[N].经济日报,2001-11-06(12).
[20].颜志刚.让创新精神真正受到激励——中小企业国际发展.论坛综述[N].经济日报,2001-11-05(14).
[21].胡燕海,叶飞帆.国外实施先进制造技术的成效.问题与对策.工业工程与管理,2000(1)
[22].朱高峰.新世纪如何提高和发展我国制造业.2002年中国机械工程学会年会论文.2002,12
[23].兰红波,刘日良,张承瑞.基于STEP-NC智能数控系统的研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,3,18 (6):692-696.
[24].谢鹏寿,康永平.基于STEP的三维CAD和PDM系统集成方法研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,2,28(3):671-673转686.
[25].祝海涛,邱长华,刘崇. STEP-NC加工特征提取的研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,8,27(4):565-569.
[26].刘涛,韩振宇,王永章等.基于ISO14649标准的STEP-NC程序生成器[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,2,14(2):393-397
[27].展勇.基于STEP-NC的信息提取及刀具轨迹规划技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,2006,6
[28].赵东.面向CIMS的集成DNC[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2003,2(2):120-121.
[29].高军礼,李迪,郑时雄,等.开放式计算机系统的构建[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,5(5):55-57.
[30].赖国庭,吴玉厚,富大伟.开放式数控系统的发展及性能研究[J].机械与电子.2003 (2)
[31]. Official STEP-NC website: http://www.step-nc.org
[32].李伯虎,吴澄.发展中的CIMS[J].CIMS,2000,6(2)2
[33].熊光楞.计算机集成制造与并行工程.863/CIMS资料,1994(4)
[34].李伯虎,等.863/CIMS主题[A].863/CIMS主题应用示范工程经验交流会文集[C].北京:清华大学出版,1998.
[35].刘飞.制造自动化的广义内涵.研究现状和发展趋势.机械工程学报,1999,35(1)
[36].徐晓飞,田雨华,薛劲松.计算机集成制造系统知识新解[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2000.
[37].吴澄,李伯虎.从计算机集成制造系统到现代集成制造系统[J].CIMS,1998,10:1-6.
[38].吴澄主编.现代集成制造系统导论——概念、方法、技术和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[39].孙才志等.关于灰色关联度的理论探讨[J],世界地质,2000, 09:248-270.
[40].刘吉林.中国轻工业与三次产业的灰色关联度分析[J],内蒙古财经学院学报,2004, 01:8-10.
[41].杨勇等.茶叶深加工、综合利用与产业关联度分析[J],茶叶,2004, 30 (1) : 9-11.
[42].李怀春等.产业关联分析在调整油田产业结构中的应用[J],西安石油学院学报(社会科学版),1999, 02:36-38.
[43].赵炳新.产业关联分析中的图论模型及应用研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,1996, 02:39-41.
[44].武正华.关联度和相关系数在实际应用中的关系探讨[J],盐城工学院学报,1998, 03:35-37.
[45].林鹏程,吴启勋.灰色关联度分析及应用[J],盐湖研究,2001, 06:48-50.
[46].李明凉.灰色关联度新到别准则及其计算公式[J],系统工程,1998, 01:68-70.
[47].关晓吉,马云东,刘利军.灰色关联度在阜新支柱产业体系构建中的应用[J],辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2003, 11:40-42.
[48].司秀林.灰色系统关联度分析[J],辽阳石油化工高等专科学校学报,2002, 09: 40-41.
[49].熊光楞.并行工程的理论与实践[M] .北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[50].杨东勇,蒋静坪,新一代智能数控的研究现状与发展,组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001. (7)
[51].王兴波,万斌.二维零件DXF数据的获取与数控加工[J].制造业自动化, 2003, 6: 34 - 36.
[52].王欣,魏生民.基于ActiveX技术的图纸标题栏信息自动提取.计算机研究与发展,37(4): 507~512
[53].杨若瑜,谭俊等.基于图形理解技术的钢筋量数系统—VHStation.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001, 12(9):688~694
[54].张金萍,倪洪启,罗鹏等,DXF文件在复杂图形数控加工中的应用[J] , 2004年6月,第18卷第2期
[55].徐丽梅,俞涛.基于图像的水射流切割CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系统.液压与机床,2002,6: 65-66.
[56].刘玉兰.光栅图像矢量化技术研究. [硕士学位论文], 2005,4.
[57].王刚.直线以及圆弧矢量化的统计算法.中国图象图形学报, 1998,4.
[58].卫宁.工程图纸扫描输入与矢量化系统的研究.重庆大学学报, 1994,5: 42-47.
[59].周激流.工程图纸矢量化系统的研究.四川大学学报(自然科学版),1998,1: 65-70.
[60].赵志苏.一种基于特征参数匹配的工程图形矢量化方法.工程图学学报, 1998,2: 53-58.
[61].陈振宇.基于图段宏观特征的直线与圆弧矢量化方法.计算机辅助工程, 1998,4, 67-73.
[62].张显全.一种识别工程图的新方法.渝州大学学报(自然科学版), 2001,1: 25-27.
[63].陆的明,支持矢量图形的二维协同浏览、标注技术研究[D][硕士论文].西安:西北工业大学,2004
[64].黄国权,郭黎滨。基于AutoCAD的数控铣床图形编程中DXF文件的读取[J] .制造技术与机床,2004年第5期,47-49
[65].胡志超,王巍,多义线(polyline)优化DXF文件图形信息提取的研究[J],中国制造业信息化,2004年2月,第33卷第2期
[66].何爱新,徐弘山.面向并行工程的CAD/DFM/CAPP集成系统.北京理工大学学报,2000 ,20(1) : 94～97
[67].王先逵,白光建,刘成颖,等.冲压零件的DFM系统设计及实现方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版) , 1997 , 37(11) : 26 29.
[68].宋玉银,成晔,蔡复之,等.基于知识的集成化机械零件DFM方法研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版) , 1999 ,39 (8) : 21 24.
[69]. Brans J, Mareschal B. How to select and how to rank projects: The PROMETHEE method [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1986(24):228-238.
[70]. ASFernandez-Castro, JimenezM. PROMETHEE: anextension through fuzzy mathematical programming [J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2005,56(1):119-122.
[71]. Goumas M, Lygerou V. An extension of the PROMETHEE method for decision making in fuzzy environment: ranking of alternative energy exploitation [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,123: 606-613.
[72].王坚强.信息不完全确定的PROMETHEE方法及应用[J].系统工程与电子技术,2005,27(11):1909-1913.
[73].鞠芳辉,刘德学.建设项目方案环境影响德模糊PROMETHEE排序[J].管理工程学报,2003,17(3):85-89.
[74].任全,李为民,张文.客观赋权法指导下的部分权重信息多准则决策方法研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2004,34(7):86-90.
[75].高健,郑德涛等.基于特征映射的CAPP系统零件信息的自动输入[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术, 1998, (6) : 22～25
[76].万在红,王细洋,工艺数据模型的研究,CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2003(12):79。
[77].张绍润,常明,李春花,现代CAPP系统中工艺信息模型的研究,工程设计CAD与智能建筑,2002(11):46。
[78]. DONG Qiang,LIN Lan Fen,DONG Jin Xiang,Object-Oriented Process Infromation System:GS-CAPP,Journal of computer-aided design & computer graphics,2001,13(7):642～646。
[79].张蔚萍,尹显东.统一零件特征模型的建立.机械与电子,2002, (4) :65-67.
[80].李金良,孙宝兰,王光斗.基于特征的零件信息扩展实体联系模型.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002, (3):26-28
[81].王庆文.支持CAD/CAPP开放性信息共享的产品信息建模技术.计算机输助设计与制造,1996,(7):37-40
[82].姜少飞,潘双夏,冯培恩,徐有忠.面向CAD / CAPP集成的零件特征组合描述及其应用.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(8):781-786
[83].常向青,宁汝新.面向装配工艺规划与评价的装配特征建模.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS, 2001, 7(12):35-38
[84].沈梅,何小朝.基于装配特征的装配建模.中国机械工程,2001, 12 (9) :1025-1029.
[85]. X.G.Ming,K.L. Mak,J.Q. Yan,A PDES/STEP-based information model for computer-aided process planning,Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,1998(14):347～361。
[86]. K.K. Leong,K.M. Yu,W.B. Lee,Product data allocation for distributed product data management system,Computers in Industry,2002(47):289～298。
[87]. Franca Giannini,Marina Monti,Domenico Biondi,Flavio Bonfatti,Paola Daniela Monari,A modeling tool for the management of product data in a co-design environment,Computer-Aided Design,2002(34):1063～1073。
[88].仇晓黎,易红.面向网络化制造的装配CAPP系统产品信息服务.制造业自动化,2002, 24 (5) :14-18.
[89].盛步云,冯站峰,倪小平,等. PDM集成框架下CAPP与PDM的数据交换[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2003,6:446-478, 588.
[90]. Tu Yun, Chu Xu, Wang Wenyu. Computer-Aided Process Planning in virtual one-of-kind Production .Computer in Industry, 2000
[91].谢世坤.基于PDM环境下的CAD/CAPP/CAM集成研究.南昌大学学报(工科版).2002(9)
[92].陈靖芯.基于PDM的CAD, CAPP系统集成技术的研究.机械设计与制造.2002, 9(6)
[93].毛军波,俞涛,方明伦.PDM技术在集成化CAPP系统开发中的应用.机械设计与制造工程.1999.3,28(4):35-37
[94].秦宝荣、柯文等,基于遗传算法的箱体零件加工路线决策方法研究,中国机械工程,2002年13卷第24期:2071-2075
[95]. M.Shakeri,Implementation of an automated operation planning and optimum operation sequencing and tool selection algorithms,Computers in industry,Volume54,Issue3,August2004,Pages223-236
[96]. D.Kritsis,K.-P.Neuendorf and P.Xirouehakis,Petri net techniques for process planning cost estimation,Advances in Engineering Software,Volume30,Issue6,June1999,Pages375-387
[97]. JohnM.UsherandRoyee0.Bowden ,The application of genetic algorithms to operation sequencing for use in computer-aided process planning,Computers&Industrial Engineering,Volume30,Issue4,SePtember1996,Pages999-1013
[98]. W.D.Liy,S.K.ONGy,Hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing approach for the optimization of process plans for prismatic parts,International Journal of Production Research,2002,Vol.40,No.8:1899-1922
[99].房莉华,沈建新,廖文和.基于PDM的LAPP系统集成技术的研究与实现[[J].机械设计与制造工程,2001(3)
[100].孔宪光,许建新,张振明.基于PDM的企业工艺信息系统研究与开发.计算机应用。2003(12):271-273
[101]. Han J , Kang M , Choi H. STEP - Based Feature Recognition for Manufacturing Cost Optimization[J] . Computer - aided Design, 2001, 33 (9) : 671-686.
[102].张恒文,张敏,蔡颖,丁霞庆.基于PDM的CAPP集成化研究.数字设计与数字制造.2005(2):9-11
[103].王莉娟,宁汝新,张旭.数字化制造中的PDM与CAPP集成技术.航空制造技术.2005(5):48-50
[104].沙炎宾,田锡天,许建新,邹明政,刘书暖.基于PDM的CAPP系统研究与开发.制造业自动化2005(3):48-51
[105].贾晓亮,张振明,孔宪光,等. CAPP系统中工作流管理平台的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,15:13-14,59.
[106]. Edwards K L. Towards more strategic product design for manufacture and assembly: priorities for concurrent engineering [J] .Materials and Design , 2002 , 23 (7) : 651-656.
[107].崔丽华,杨文通,吴喜文.基于PDM的CAD/ CAPP/ CAM集成探讨. [EB/OL]http://www.icad.com.cn ,2005-10-19.
[108].盛步云,冯站峰,倪小平,周祖德.PDM集成框架下CAPP与PDM的数据交换,计算机集成制造系统CIMS. 2003(6):476-479
[109].张红旗,曹文纲等.基于PRO/TOOLKIT的PRO/E二次开发技术的应用[J].机床与液压, 2002 ( 5 ) :129～131.
[110].胡俊,王宇晗等,数控技术的现状和发展趋势,机械工程师,2000. 3
[111].张英杰,韩庆瑶等,现代数控系统的特点和发展趋势,中国制造业信息化,2004.(9)
[112].席俊杰,数控技术和机床数控化改造,2002. 8
[113].文广,马宏伟,数控技术的现状及发展趋势,机械工程师,2003. 1
[114].马义德,刘映杰等,嵌入式系统的现状及发展前景,信息技术,2001. 12
[115].李佑军,嵌人式系统综述,现代电子技术,2003. (6)
[116]. Andrew S Tanenbaum. Modern operating systems [M]. New Jersey : Prentice Hall , 1999.
[117].李学忠,阳道善,唐小琦. Linux平台下的中断机制[J].现代计算机, 2001(9).
[118]. ISO 14649 - 1 :2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Physical Device Control– Data Model for Computerized Numerical Cont rollers -Part 1 : Overview and Fundamental Principles [S ] .ISO TC 184/ SC 1 , 2003.
[119]. ISO 14649 - 10 : 2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Physical Device Cont rol - Data Model for Computerized Numerical Cont rollers -Part 10 : General Process Data[S] . ISO TC 184/ SC1 , 2003.
[120]. Suh S H , Lee B E , Chung D H ,et al. Architecture and Implementation of a Shop - floor Programming System for STEP - Compliant CNC[J] . Computer- aided Design , 2003 ,35 (12) : 1069O1083.
[121].桂贵生,杜世昌.新型数控编程数据接口——STEP-NC[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2003 (3)
[122].张承瑞,刘日良,王恒.基于STEP的自动化制造前景[J].机械设计与制造工程. 2002.(12)
[123].林勇强,王旭海,邓家提.基于STEP标准的CAPP系统产品信息建模技术研究.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,1999,5(6):23-35.
[124]. S.H. Suh, B. E. Lee, D. H. Chung, S. U. Cheon Architecture and implementation of shop - floor programming system for STEP-compliant CNC. Computer–Aided Design, 2003, 35 (12) : 1069～1083.
[125]. Suh SH, Cheon SU. A framework for intelligent CNC and data model. Int J AdvManufact Technol, 2002, 19: 27～35.
[126].潘俊强,刘莉. Linux字符设备驱动程序的设计[J].杭州应用工程技术学院学报, 2000(9).
[127].刘云新,张尧学.一个基于Linux的嵌入式实时操作系统[J].计算机工程与应用, 2001(7).
[128]. Kernel Korner. Writing a Linux Driver[J]. Linux Journal, 1998, 48.
[129].徐广毅,张晓林.嵌入式Linux系统中GUI系统的研究与移植[J].单片机和嵌入式系统应用, 2004 (10).
[130].王爱玲等.现代数控机床.北京:国防工业出版社, 2003.4.
[131]. ISO TC184/SC1 /WG7. ISO 14649: Data model for computerized numerical controllers (D IS ballot version) , October 17.2000.
[132].刘又午,刘丽冰,赵小松等.数控机床误差补偿技术研究.中国机械工程,1998 , 9 (12) :48～52
[133].张虎,周云飞,唐小琦等.数控机床定位误差的软件补偿.华中科技大学学报, 2001 , 29 (4) : 47～49
[134]. Richard E. Neal.First Part Correct. Industrial Review Board Meeting e-Manufacturing using the Super Model,2000
[135].蔡理,陆启建.基于以太网的数控机床集成系统[J] .制造技术与机床. 2003(11) :69– 71.
[136].马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,等. ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础[M] .北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002 :6– 8.
[137]. TMS320C6411DIIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR ,Texas Instruments Incorporated ,2002 : 1– 5.
[138].陈闳中. Linux在嵌入式操作系统中的应用[J] .同济大学学报, 2001 ,29(5) :566.
[139].贺晓辉,鄢萍,刘飞,等.网络化制造中嵌入式Linux操作系统的开发[J].兵工自动化, 2004 , 23(3): 84–86.
[140].陈猛,赵继敏,ARM CPU S3C44BOX与C54X DSP的接口设计,计算机应用,2003.(3)
[141].马忠梅,徐英慧等,AT91系列ARM核微控制器结构与开发,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003. 1
[142]. SAMSUNG公司,S3C44BOX数据手册,
[143].吕京建,肖海桥,嵌入式处理器分类与现状,http://bol-system.com
[144].孙彦景,ARM处理器的HDLC通信的DMA实现,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002. 8
[145].吉隆伟,李侠,一种用于ARM处理器的增强DSP乘加单元,半导体技术,2003. 4
[146].秦牧云,陈涤非,ARM核SOCEF7312及基于EF7312控显系统的设计,航空电子技术,2003. 9
[147].万晨妍,基于ARM7TDMI的嵌入式系统设计与实现,计算机工程,2003. 10
[148]. S3C2410中文数据手册
[149].唐存锋.基于PC的开放式数控.北京工业大学学报,2001 (3) : 375～376
[150].刘大鹏.基于Windows CE的嵌入式操作系统的实时性分析.自动化技术与应用, 2002 (1) : 41～43
[151].张明亮.开发式数控体系结构的初步研究.中国机械工程, 2001 (11) : 42～45
[152].郭才旺.基于组件技术的开放式数控系统的研究.华中理工大学学报, 2000 (7) : 38～40
[153].周济.数控加工技术.国防工业出版社
[154].焦振学.微机数控技术.北京理工大学出版社
[155]. Windows CE. NET Documentation. Available at Windows CE.NET software
[156]. Leonard N E, Fiorelli E. Virtual leader, artificial potentials and coordinated control of group s[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control[C]. USA: IEEE, 2001. 2968 - 2973.
[157]. Tanner H G, Jadbabaie A, Pappas G J. Stable flocking of mobile agents, Part I: fixed topology[A ]. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control [C]. USA: IEEE,2003. 2010-2015.
[158]. O.fati-Saber R, Murray R M. Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time2delays[ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2004, 49 (9): 1520 - 1533.
[159]. Jadbabaie A, Lin J, Morse A S. Coordination of group s of mobile autonomous agents using nearest neighbor rules[ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2003, 48 (6) : 988 - 1001.
[160]. Lawton J R T, Beard R W, Young B J. A decentralized approach to formation maneuvers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 2003, 19 (6) : 933 - 941.
[161]. Motorola Inc. MC68F375 User’s Manual[Z]. 1998.
[162].叶佩青,汪劲松. MCX314运动控制芯片与数控系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002.
[163]. Cus F, MilfelnerM, Balic J. An intelligent system for monitoring and optimization of ball-end milling process [J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 175 (1/3) : 90-97.
[164]. Wang Lihui, Orban Peter, Cunningham Andrew, et al. Remote real-time CNC machining for web-based manufacturing[J]. Robotics and Com puter2Integrated Manufacturing,2004, 20 (6) : 563-571.
[165]. Bishop D, Waters G, Dale D, et al. Development of an autonomous 322bit intelligent device controller[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 1994, 352 (1/2) : 236-238.
[166]. Kim Daeyoung, Lee Yannhang, Younis Mohanmed. Software architecture supporting integrated real-time systems[J]. The Journal of System s and Software, 2003, 65 (1):71-86.
[167]. Vitturi S. PC-based automation systems: An example of application for the real-time control of blow machines [J].Computer Standards and Interfaces, 2004, 26 (2) : 145-155.
[168].韩青. RTOS的必备特性[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004 (2): 85-86.
[169].韩江,等.网络数控系统的概念及其技术内容[J].中国机械工程, 2001 (10) : 1141 - 1144.
[170]. D.Vladan. A Framework for Building Intelligent Manufacturing Systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C-Applications and Reviews, 1999,29(3)402-419.
[171]. DONG T Y, TONG R F , ZHANG L ,et al . Approach to cooperative assembly task planning for multiple manipulators [A] .Proceedings of the 8th International Conference Supported Cooperative Work in Design[C] . Hangzhou ,China :Zhejiang University Press ,2003. 202 - 208.
[172]. VALL E C D ,CAMACHO E F. Automatic assembly task assignment for a multiple - robot enviroment [J] . Cont rol Engineering Practice ,1996 ,14 (7) :915 - 921.
[173]. GAO Feng ,WANG Mingzhe. Study of Petri net s model and scheduling strategy for theassembly process [J] . Journal of Machinery and Electronics, 2004 , (5) :13 - 15 (in Chinese) .
[174].周凯,陆启建.基于现场总线的网络数控技术[J].制造技术与机床, 1997 (10) : 11 - 15.
[175].北京闻亭科技发展有限公司. TMS320F2812DSP控制器参考手册[M]. 1998.
[176].袁楚明,陈幼平,周祖德.基于Internet的远程诊断系统体系结构研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2001, 37(18): 45-46.
[177]. Zhang Chengrui, Wang Heng, Wang J ingkun. A USB-based software CNC system [ J ]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 139(1/3) : 286-290.
[178]. Rober Stephen J , Shin Yung C. Modeling and control of CNC machines using a PC-based open architecture controller [J]. M echatronics, 1995, 5 (4) : 401-420.
[179].李宏伟.基于MC68332的嵌入式数控系统开发平台的研究[D].天津:天津大学机械工程学院, 2003.
[180].李宏伟,王太勇,薛国光,等.基于嵌入式微控制器核心和层次化网络监控机制的开放结构数控系统的构建[J].振动与冲击, 2003, 22 (1) : 47-49.
[181]. Zhang Yanping , Zhang Chun. An Internet Based STEP Data Exchange Framework for Virtual Enterprises[J ] . Computers in Indust ry , 2000 ,41 (1) : 51-63.
[182]. Hisao I, ShinaM, HidesT. Modified SimulatedAnnealingAl-gorithms for the Flow Shop Sequencing Problem [J]. Euro J.of Operation Research, 1995, 81: 388-398.
[183]. Xu X W , He Q. Striving for a Total Integration of CAD , CAPP , CAM , and CNC [J] . Robotics and Computer - integrated Manufacturing , 2004 ,20 (2) : 101-109.
[184].胡德计.基于面向对象的CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC集成系统建模及其实现[D] .天津:天津大学,1999.
[185]. Grabowik C, Kalinowski K, Monica Z. Integration of the CAD/CAPP/PPC systems [J]. Materials Processing Technology,2005, 164～165: 1358～1359
[186]. ZHANG Weijun , JIA Chuansheng , YANG Ruqing. TPN -based robot assembly task planning[J] . China Machinical Engineering ,2002 ,13 (14) :1219 - 1222 (in Chinese) .
[187].姚堃,徐剑荣.数控技术在超高压水射流切割机床中的应用[A]. 2005年工控及自动化领域优秀论文/典型应用[C] . 2005.
[188].王文斌,俞涛,何永义.基于Linux的开放式磨料水射流数控系统[J] .机电一体化,2004 , (3) .
[189].王晖等.精通Visual C + + 6.0 [M] .北京:电子工业出版社, 2002.
[190]. Michael J. Young著,邱仲潘等译,Visual C++从入门到精通[M],电子工业出版社
[191]. Bjarne Stroustrup. C++程序设计语言[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[192]. GUL A A , FIORELLA D C , GRZEGORZ R. Concurrent object - oriented programming and Petri-net [M] . Berlin , Germany :Springer ,2001. 197 - 254.
[193].吴澄.现代集成制造系统导论-概念、方法、技术和应用[M] .北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
[194]. Zhang Yu, Xiong Man chen. The Information Integration of CAPP in CIMS [J] . Journal ofXiamen University (Natural Science) .2002.10
[195].熊光楞.并行工程的理论与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[196].陈晓川,张暴暴,刘晓冰,冯辛安.并行工程的研究概况综述[J].机械制造,1999,(3):9~11.
[197].杨世锡,胡小平.并行工程环境下的产品信息建模.浙江大学学报(自然科学版),1999,33(1):26-32.
[198].汪惠芬,张友良,罗定志.协同开发环境中的产品定义模型.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS, 2001, 7(3):26-31
[199]. Spur,Krause.虚拟产品开发技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[200].童秉枢,李建明,产品数据管理(PDM)技术,北京,清华大学出版社&施普林格出版社,2000,196。