典型农业物料在三维并联振动筛中的筛分理论与试验
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摘要
振动筛是颗粒物料分级的重要设备,在农机、选煤、选矿、冶金、石油、化工、建筑、粮食和饲料等行业广泛应用。目前广泛使用的是单自由度直线往复振动筛,这类振动筛由于振动自由度少,难以使颗粒物料在筛面上快速均布,影响了筛分效果和效率。将并联机构应用于振动筛分装置的设计中,是解决传统往复振动筛自由度少、总体尺寸大、效率低、颗粒易于堵孔和圆振动筛容易引起共振、使用寿命短、筛分性能不稳定等缺陷的新思路,对建立新的振动筛分理论,开发实用化的振动筛分设备具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。
在国家自然科学基金项目“农业物料颗粒在风筛式清选装置中运动规律的研究(50875113)”和江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目“农业物料多自由度振动筛分理论的应用基础研究(11KJA460002)”等项目的资助下,提出了采用全解耦的并联／混联机构作为振动筛的主体激振机构,研制三维并联振动筛,以期解决生产实际中振动筛的三维振动难题。本文主要研究工作包括：
1、以小麦和大米为研究对象,测试和分析其机械特性。实验测量了小麦和大米的含水率、三轴尺寸、弹性模量、滑动摩擦系数、休止角、密度等参数；搭建了农业物料恢复系数测定装置,并实际测定了小麦样本的恢复系数,通过正交试验分析了材料种类、材料厚度和含水率等因素对小麦恢复系数的影响程度。所得实验数据为后面的数值模拟和台架试验提供了依据。
2、基于离散元分析法,运用EDEM软件对三自由度振动筛筛面上椭球形颗粒物料的分散过程进行了数值模拟研究。建立了两类分散度评价指标,考察了振动筛的自由度、振幅、频率和颗粒长径比等参数对分散度的影响规律。
3、对三自由度振动筛筛面上椭球形颗粒物料在X、Y、Z三个方向的振动激励下的分层过程进行模拟试验研究。分析了三自由度振动筛筛面上物料颗粒受力及分层的极限条件,建立了分层速度衡量指标,讨论了振动自由度、振幅、频率及粒度比等参数对颗粒分层速度的影响规律；从颗粒间的法向作用力、切向作用力、平均动能和平均转动动能变化的角度分析了椭球形颗粒的分层机理。
4、基于改进离散元法,对以小麦和秸秆组成的混合物在三自由度振动筛筛面上的筛分过程进行数值模拟研究。分析了三自由度振动筛上颗粒群的运动状态,建立了透筛率和筛下物含杂率两类筛分效率衡量指标,重点考察了筛面入料端混合物的物理特性(长径比、掺杂率)和振动参数(振动自由度、振动频率和振幅)的变化对三自由度振动筛筛分性能的影响规律。
5、在上述农业物料颗粒在三自由度振动筛筛面上的运动规律分析基础上,基于并联机构拓扑结构学理论,对适合三维并联振动筛的三平移并联机构进行型综合,确定最优机型。提出了一种基于完全解耦的并联机构3PRRR的多维振动筛分试验台和三维并联振动筛的设计方案,以优化后的混联机构2PRRR-P(2R)作为振动筛的主体激振机构,能实现筛箱沿X、Y、Z三个方向的振动。
6、基于并联机构拓扑结构理论,研制了具有最多四个自由度的多维振动筛分试验台和三维并联振动筛的样机,并在试验台上进行了试验研究。根据数值模拟结果对理想的三维并联振动筛进行结构设计、运动学和动力学分析；完成了优选的实用化三维并联振动筛的样机制造和性能测试。试验的结果与数值模拟结果相一致。
论文最后得出结论：三维并联振动筛具备了高效分选农业物料的能力,研究结果为深入理解多自由度振动筛筛面上颗粒物料的分散、分层机理、完善多自由度振动筛分理论提供了理论依据,也为提高农业物料的筛分和清选效率、减小筛分和清选设备的体积提供了一种新的思路。所研制的三维并联振动筛是一种很有发展前景的新型振动筛分设备,所涉及的创新性设备已经申请了多项发明和实用新型专利。
As an important equipment of particle material layered equipment, vibration screen has been widely used in agricultural machinery, coal preparation, mineral processing, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry, architecture, grain and feed industry, etc. Now the single degree of freedom linear reciprocating vibration screen has been widely used, but it has so less degree of vibration freedom that the particle material couldunt be dispersed uniformly, which effect the layered consequent and efficiency. The application of parallel mechanism to the design vibration screen equipment is the new thinking to solve the defects such as less degree of vibration freedom, large general size, low efficiency and easy to plugging hole of the traditional reciprocating vibration screen and easy to cause resonance, short serve life, unstable screening performance of circular vibrating screen. The application has an important practical significance and applied value to for setting up new theory of vibration screen and developing practical vibration screen equipment.
By the financial aid of National Natural Science Foundation "the research of motion theory of agricultural materials particles in air-and-screen cleaning device (50875113)" and Jiangsu province university important natural science research project" the applied basic research of the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration theory of agricultural materials particles(11KJA460002)", this dissertation puts forward the using of complete decoupling parallel or hybrid mechanism as the main exciting vibration mechanism of the vibration screen and three-dimensional parallel vibration screen has been developed to solve the three-dimensional vibration problem of vibration screen in practical production. The main research achievements of the dissertation as follows:
1. Taken wheat and rice as research objects, the mechanical characteristics. The parameters such as moisture content, three-axis size, elastic modulus, sliding friction coefficient, angle of repose and density of the wheat and rice were tested and analyzed. The device for measuring restitution coefficient of agricultural materials has been put up and the restitution coefficient of the wheat sample has been measured actually. The effect degree of material type, thickness and moisture content factors on restitution coefficient of the wheat has been analyzed by orthogonal test. The experimental data acquired provided the basis for subsequent numerical simulation and bench test.
2. EDEM software has been taken to simulate the dispersion process of ellipsoidal particle material on three-dimensional vibration screen surface base on the discrete element analysis method. This dissertation set up the two types dispersion evaluation index and investigated the influence law of the parameters such as vibration degree of freedom, amplitude, frequency and particle aspect ratio etc. on dispersion.
3. Test research has been taken ellipsoidal particle material system on the three-dimensional vibration screen surface to simulate the layered process under the vibration applied from X, Y, Z dimension. This dissertation analyzed the force and layered limiting condition of the particle material on the three-dimensional vibration screen surface, established the layered velocity measurement index, discussed the influence law of the parameters on particle layered velocity such as vibration degree of freedom, amplitude, frequency and particle fineness ratio etc. Analyzed the layered mechanism of ellipsoidal particles from the view of the change of normal force, tangential force, average kinetic energy and average rotational kinetic energy of the particles.
4. Research has been carried out on numerically simulating the screening process of the mixture of wheat and straw on the three-dimensional vibration screen surface. This dissertation analyzed the motion state of the particle group in the three-dimensional vibration screen, established the two types screening efficiency measurement indexs including percent through screen and percentage of trash content of undersized compost, and investigated the influence law of the physical characteristics of mixture on the screen surface feed end(aspect ratio, doping extent) and the change of vibration parameters(vibration degree of freedom, amplitude, frequency) on the screening performance of the three-dimensional vibration screen.
5. Based on the theory of parallel mechanism topological structure and the motion theory analysis of the agricultural material particles on the three-dimensional vibration screen surfaceabove the type synthesis of the3-dof translational parallel mechanism suitable for three-dimensional parallel vibration screen has been taken to determine the optimal machine type. The dissertation put forward a new design program for multi-dimensional vibration screening and three-dimensional parallel vibration screen base on complete decoupling parallel mechanism3PRRR which use the hybrid structure2PRRR-P(2R) as main exciting mechanism can realize the vibration of the screen box along X,Y,Z dimensions.
6. The multi-dimensional vibration screen test bench four degrees of freedom which has four degrees of freedom at most and the prototype of three-dimensional parallel vibration screen were researched and manufactured base on the theory of parallel mechanism topological structure, and the orthogonal test was carried out on the test bench. The ideal structure design and kinematics and dynamic analysis of the three-dimension parallel vibration screen were completed based on the results of numerical simulation, and the prototype manufacture of the optimal practical three-dimensional parallel vibration screen and performance test has been completed base by the dissertation. The results of the orthogonal test were matched to the numerical simulation.
At last, this dissertation comes up the following conclusions:the three-dimensional parallel vibration screen has the capacity of separating agricultural materials with highly efficiently. The research results put a good theoretical foundation for further understanding the dispersion of particles material on multi-dimensional degree of freedom vibration screen surface, layered mechanism, and for perfecting the theory of multi-dimensional degree of freedom vibration screening. And put forward a new thinking to improve the efficiency of screening and cleaning the agricultural materials and to decrease the size of screening and cleaning equipment. The three-dimensional parallel vibration screen theory researched and the prototype of manufactured by the dissertation is a new type of vibration screening equipment which has developing prospect. Some items of invention patents and utility model patent have been applied based on innovative equipment involved by the dissertation.
在国家自然科学基金项目“农业物料颗粒在风筛式清选装置中运动规律的研究(50875113)”和江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目“农业物料多自由度振动筛分理论的应用基础研究(11KJA460002)”等项目的资助下,提出了采用全解耦的并联／混联机构作为振动筛的主体激振机构,研制三维并联振动筛,以期解决生产实际中振动筛的三维振动难题。本文主要研究工作包括：
1、以小麦和大米为研究对象,测试和分析其机械特性。实验测量了小麦和大米的含水率、三轴尺寸、弹性模量、滑动摩擦系数、休止角、密度等参数；搭建了农业物料恢复系数测定装置,并实际测定了小麦样本的恢复系数,通过正交试验分析了材料种类、材料厚度和含水率等因素对小麦恢复系数的影响程度。所得实验数据为后面的数值模拟和台架试验提供了依据。
2、基于离散元分析法,运用EDEM软件对三自由度振动筛筛面上椭球形颗粒物料的分散过程进行了数值模拟研究。建立了两类分散度评价指标,考察了振动筛的自由度、振幅、频率和颗粒长径比等参数对分散度的影响规律。
3、对三自由度振动筛筛面上椭球形颗粒物料在X、Y、Z三个方向的振动激励下的分层过程进行模拟试验研究。分析了三自由度振动筛筛面上物料颗粒受力及分层的极限条件,建立了分层速度衡量指标,讨论了振动自由度、振幅、频率及粒度比等参数对颗粒分层速度的影响规律；从颗粒间的法向作用力、切向作用力、平均动能和平均转动动能变化的角度分析了椭球形颗粒的分层机理。
4、基于改进离散元法,对以小麦和秸秆组成的混合物在三自由度振动筛筛面上的筛分过程进行数值模拟研究。分析了三自由度振动筛上颗粒群的运动状态,建立了透筛率和筛下物含杂率两类筛分效率衡量指标,重点考察了筛面入料端混合物的物理特性(长径比、掺杂率)和振动参数(振动自由度、振动频率和振幅)的变化对三自由度振动筛筛分性能的影响规律。
5、在上述农业物料颗粒在三自由度振动筛筛面上的运动规律分析基础上,基于并联机构拓扑结构学理论,对适合三维并联振动筛的三平移并联机构进行型综合,确定最优机型。提出了一种基于完全解耦的并联机构3PRRR的多维振动筛分试验台和三维并联振动筛的设计方案,以优化后的混联机构2PRRR-P(2R)作为振动筛的主体激振机构,能实现筛箱沿X、Y、Z三个方向的振动。
6、基于并联机构拓扑结构理论,研制了具有最多四个自由度的多维振动筛分试验台和三维并联振动筛的样机,并在试验台上进行了试验研究。根据数值模拟结果对理想的三维并联振动筛进行结构设计、运动学和动力学分析；完成了优选的实用化三维并联振动筛的样机制造和性能测试。试验的结果与数值模拟结果相一致。
论文最后得出结论：三维并联振动筛具备了高效分选农业物料的能力,研究结果为深入理解多自由度振动筛筛面上颗粒物料的分散、分层机理、完善多自由度振动筛分理论提供了理论依据,也为提高农业物料的筛分和清选效率、减小筛分和清选设备的体积提供了一种新的思路。所研制的三维并联振动筛是一种很有发展前景的新型振动筛分设备,所涉及的创新性设备已经申请了多项发明和实用新型专利。
As an important equipment of particle material layered equipment, vibration screen has been widely used in agricultural machinery, coal preparation, mineral processing, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry, architecture, grain and feed industry, etc. Now the single degree of freedom linear reciprocating vibration screen has been widely used, but it has so less degree of vibration freedom that the particle material couldunt be dispersed uniformly, which effect the layered consequent and efficiency. The application of parallel mechanism to the design vibration screen equipment is the new thinking to solve the defects such as less degree of vibration freedom, large general size, low efficiency and easy to plugging hole of the traditional reciprocating vibration screen and easy to cause resonance, short serve life, unstable screening performance of circular vibrating screen. The application has an important practical significance and applied value to for setting up new theory of vibration screen and developing practical vibration screen equipment.
By the financial aid of National Natural Science Foundation "the research of motion theory of agricultural materials particles in air-and-screen cleaning device (50875113)" and Jiangsu province university important natural science research project" the applied basic research of the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration theory of agricultural materials particles(11KJA460002)", this dissertation puts forward the using of complete decoupling parallel or hybrid mechanism as the main exciting vibration mechanism of the vibration screen and three-dimensional parallel vibration screen has been developed to solve the three-dimensional vibration problem of vibration screen in practical production. The main research achievements of the dissertation as follows:
1. Taken wheat and rice as research objects, the mechanical characteristics. The parameters such as moisture content, three-axis size, elastic modulus, sliding friction coefficient, angle of repose and density of the wheat and rice were tested and analyzed. The device for measuring restitution coefficient of agricultural materials has been put up and the restitution coefficient of the wheat sample has been measured actually. The effect degree of material type, thickness and moisture content factors on restitution coefficient of the wheat has been analyzed by orthogonal test. The experimental data acquired provided the basis for subsequent numerical simulation and bench test.
2. EDEM software has been taken to simulate the dispersion process of ellipsoidal particle material on three-dimensional vibration screen surface base on the discrete element analysis method. This dissertation set up the two types dispersion evaluation index and investigated the influence law of the parameters such as vibration degree of freedom, amplitude, frequency and particle aspect ratio etc. on dispersion.
3. Test research has been taken ellipsoidal particle material system on the three-dimensional vibration screen surface to simulate the layered process under the vibration applied from X, Y, Z dimension. This dissertation analyzed the force and layered limiting condition of the particle material on the three-dimensional vibration screen surface, established the layered velocity measurement index, discussed the influence law of the parameters on particle layered velocity such as vibration degree of freedom, amplitude, frequency and particle fineness ratio etc. Analyzed the layered mechanism of ellipsoidal particles from the view of the change of normal force, tangential force, average kinetic energy and average rotational kinetic energy of the particles.
4. Research has been carried out on numerically simulating the screening process of the mixture of wheat and straw on the three-dimensional vibration screen surface. This dissertation analyzed the motion state of the particle group in the three-dimensional vibration screen, established the two types screening efficiency measurement indexs including percent through screen and percentage of trash content of undersized compost, and investigated the influence law of the physical characteristics of mixture on the screen surface feed end(aspect ratio, doping extent) and the change of vibration parameters(vibration degree of freedom, amplitude, frequency) on the screening performance of the three-dimensional vibration screen.
5. Based on the theory of parallel mechanism topological structure and the motion theory analysis of the agricultural material particles on the three-dimensional vibration screen surfaceabove the type synthesis of the3-dof translational parallel mechanism suitable for three-dimensional parallel vibration screen has been taken to determine the optimal machine type. The dissertation put forward a new design program for multi-dimensional vibration screening and three-dimensional parallel vibration screen base on complete decoupling parallel mechanism3PRRR which use the hybrid structure2PRRR-P(2R) as main exciting mechanism can realize the vibration of the screen box along X,Y,Z dimensions.
6. The multi-dimensional vibration screen test bench four degrees of freedom which has four degrees of freedom at most and the prototype of three-dimensional parallel vibration screen were researched and manufactured base on the theory of parallel mechanism topological structure, and the orthogonal test was carried out on the test bench. The ideal structure design and kinematics and dynamic analysis of the three-dimension parallel vibration screen were completed based on the results of numerical simulation, and the prototype manufacture of the optimal practical three-dimensional parallel vibration screen and performance test has been completed base by the dissertation. The results of the orthogonal test were matched to the numerical simulation.
At last, this dissertation comes up the following conclusions:the three-dimensional parallel vibration screen has the capacity of separating agricultural materials with highly efficiently. The research results put a good theoretical foundation for further understanding the dispersion of particles material on multi-dimensional degree of freedom vibration screen surface, layered mechanism, and for perfecting the theory of multi-dimensional degree of freedom vibration screening. And put forward a new thinking to improve the efficiency of screening and cleaning the agricultural materials and to decrease the size of screening and cleaning equipment. The three-dimensional parallel vibration screen theory researched and the prototype of manufactured by the dissertation is a new type of vibration screening equipment which has developing prospect. Some items of invention patents and utility model patent have been applied based on innovative equipment involved by the dissertation.
引文
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