福建省农业标准化建设及其效果评价研究
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摘要
农业标准化是按照标准生产农产品的全过程,是推进农业产业革命的战略要求。推进农业标准化建设,对优化农业产业结构、提升农产品质量安全水平、增强市场竞争力,促进农业增效和农民增收,均具有十分重大的意义。可以说,没有农业标准化,就没有农业现代化。在我国,福建省是农业标准化工作起步较早的省份之一,长期以来通过抓农业标准化工作,有力地促进了全省现代农业的发展、提升了农产品质量安全水平。然而,农业标准化建设是一项长期的战略任务,也是一项复杂的系统工程,没有深入地研究、不断地完善并持续地推进,是难以扩大其覆盖面和提升其整体建设水平的,如何评价一个区域特别是省域层面的农业标准化建设效果,并探索有效提升农业标准化建设水平的途径,意义深远。
本研究选择福建省作为实证研究的对象,在综述农业标准化及其相关理论的基础上,重点对以下问题进行了深入研究：(1)福建省农业标准化发展的历程、建设的现状及存在问题；(2)福建省农业标准制定情况与推广实施的背景；(3)农业标准化建设评价指标体系的构建与评价方法选择；(4)分析了福建省农业标准化示范区情况与标准实施后的效果评价指标体系构建及应用性评价；(5)对提升福建农业标准化建设水平的思路和对策探讨。
本研究的核心是建立了福建省农业标准化建设及其效果的评价指标体系和评价模型,以体现科学性为原则,从多个维度定性定量地对福建省农业标准化建设的成效进行了综合评价。研究结果表明：(1)2008至2012年,福建省农业标准化发展综合评价指数,均在0.8以上,总体较强；但在5年期间出现了波动上升,两次发展综合指数下探走势分别出现在2009年和2011,2009年的下探相对于2011年比较显著,在经历两次发展综合指数的波动走势后,2012年的指数走势开始出现上扬,总的趋势是波动上升；总体而言,福建省进行农业标准化建设具有较好的基础条件,但发展的态势尚不稳健；(2)在分析期内,福建省农业标准化各子系统综合指数表现不一致,其中农业标准化水平发展指数保持快速稳定的增长,呈现出强劲的发展态势,农业标准化专业技术人员比例、教育年限、经费投入和农产品采标率、标准覆盖率等重要指标亦取得明显提升；(3)福建省在农业标准化建设过程中,标准化水平和实施效果发展两者较为稳定、协调,但处于主导因素由经济效益向经济效益兼顾生态效益转变的过渡时期,生态效益系统发展与其他系统不协调,是影响福建省农业标准化建设的最关键因素。
基于此,论文提出了进一步提高未来福建省农业标准化建设水平的总体思路与对策。总体思路是：在现有农业标准化工作基础上,进一步提高各领域标准的覆盖面,加强对农业创新技术标准化的研究,推动农业新技术转化为现实生产力。建立完善能适应福建省现代农业发展的标准体系、服务体系和推广体系,创新农业标准化示范区建设新模式。不断拓宽农业标准化工作领域,全面推动福建省的现代农业和农村经济又好又快发展。对策建议为：(1)加强组织领导,健全农业标准化协调推进机制；(2)适时推进新标准研究工作,提高农业创新技术转化能力和农业标准的技术水平；(3)实施农业生产全过程的综合标准化工作,拓展农民增收空间；(4)健全农业标准化检测体系,提升农产品的质量安全保障；(5)抓好标准实施过程的效果评价,及时调整标准实施方案；(6)扩大农民生产规模与技术推广网络,引导合作社建设发展；(7)完善农产品市场机制,疏导标准化农产品市场流通环节；(8)加强农业生产环境保护标准化工作,推行生态农业标准化。
Agricultural standardization is according to the standard to product the whole process of agricultural products, is the strategic requirements of promoting agricultural industry revolution.We will promote construction of agricultural standardization, to optimize the agricultural industrial structure, enhance the level of quality and safety of agricultural products, enhance market competitiveness, promote agricultural efficiency and farmers' income, all have very important significance.That is,without agricultural standardization, there is no modernization of agriculture. In our country, Fujian is one of the provinces where agricultural standardization work start early, for a long time by the agricultural standardization work, effectively promote the province'development of modern agriculture, improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Agricultural standardization construction, however, is a long-term strategic task, is also a complicated system engineering, no thorough research and the continuous advancement, it is difficult to expand its coverage and enhance its construction level, and how to evaluate a region especially provincial level agriculture standardization construction effect, and explore effective ways to enhance the level of agricultural standardization construction, is of far-reaching significance.
The paper chose Fujian province as an object of empirical study,on the basis of the review of agricultural standardization and its related theory, focusing on the following issues were studied:(1) the development course,the construction of the status quo and the existing problems of Fujian agricultural standardization;(2) the background of agriculture standard formulation and promotion implementation in Fujian province;(3) the construction of evaluation index system of agricultural standardization construction and the choice of evaluation methods;(4) the analysis of the agricultural standardization demonstration area of Fujian province and the construction level evaluation index system construction and application;(5) to enhance the level of Fujian agricultural standardization construction of thought and countermeasures.
The core of this study is to establish the agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province and its effect evaluation index system and evaluation model, taking the scientific nature as the principle, carrying on agricultural standardization effet of the construction of the comprehensive evaluation from qualitative to quantitative multiple dimensions of Fujian province. The results show that:(1)from2008to2012,the agricultural standardization development comprehensive evaluation index of Fujian province is each in0.8above, the overall is stronger. But during the period of5years appeared a greater volatility, two development composite index hitting a appeared in2009and2011respectively, and hitting in2009is more significant than2011.After two fluctuation trend for the development of composite index, index trend began to rise in2012, the general trend of fluctuations rise. In general, agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province has a good basic condition, but the development of the situation is not stable;(2)in the period of analysis, the performance of each subsystem of Fujian agricultural standardization comprehensive performance index is not consistent.Among the agricultural standardization development level index maintain fast and stable growth, showing a strong development momentum.The agricultural standardization of the proportion of professional and technical personnel, fixed number of year of the education, fund input and agricultural products adopt standard rate, coverage rate of standard and other important indicators also have improved significantly;(3)in the process of agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province, both of the level of standardization and implementation effect is relatively stable, coordinated development, but in a dominant factor from the economic benefit to the ecological and economic benefits transition period,.Ecological benefit system development is uncoordinated with other system, is the most critical factors that affect agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province.
Based on this, the paper put forward the overall train of thought and countermeasures to further improve the level of future agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province. General idea is:On the basis of the existing agricultural standardization work, to further improve the standard in the field of coverage, and strengthen the study of standardization of agricultural technology innovation,it will promote modern agriculture development and absorb new technologies which applied to the standard and implementation and promotion, promote agricultural new technology into realistic productivity. To establish standard system, service system and promotion system which can adapt to the development of modern agriculture in Fujian province, innovating a new construction model of agricultural standardization demonstration area..Continuously broaden the field of agricultural standardization, comprehensively promote the modern agriculture and rural economy in Fujian province sound and rapid development.The countermeasures and suggestions include:(1) to strengthen organizational leadership, and improve the mechanism of agricultural standardization coordination and promote;(2) timely to promote new standard research work, to improve agricultural technology innovation ability and technical level of agricultural standards;(3) implement comprehensive standardization work of the whole process of agricultural production, to expand the space of increasing farmers' income;(4) to improve the agricultural standardization detection system, to improve the agricultural products'quality security;(5) to pay special attention to the standard implementation effect evaluation of the process, adjust the standard implementation plan;(6) to strengthen team construction, establishing agricultural standards technology popularization network;(7) to strengthen of policy adjustment and optimization, and accelerate building the agricultural standardization in order to coordinated development;(8) to strengthen agricultural production environmental protection standardization work, promote standardization of agricultural production.
本研究选择福建省作为实证研究的对象,在综述农业标准化及其相关理论的基础上,重点对以下问题进行了深入研究：(1)福建省农业标准化发展的历程、建设的现状及存在问题；(2)福建省农业标准制定情况与推广实施的背景；(3)农业标准化建设评价指标体系的构建与评价方法选择；(4)分析了福建省农业标准化示范区情况与标准实施后的效果评价指标体系构建及应用性评价；(5)对提升福建农业标准化建设水平的思路和对策探讨。
本研究的核心是建立了福建省农业标准化建设及其效果的评价指标体系和评价模型,以体现科学性为原则,从多个维度定性定量地对福建省农业标准化建设的成效进行了综合评价。研究结果表明：(1)2008至2012年,福建省农业标准化发展综合评价指数,均在0.8以上,总体较强；但在5年期间出现了波动上升,两次发展综合指数下探走势分别出现在2009年和2011,2009年的下探相对于2011年比较显著,在经历两次发展综合指数的波动走势后,2012年的指数走势开始出现上扬,总的趋势是波动上升；总体而言,福建省进行农业标准化建设具有较好的基础条件,但发展的态势尚不稳健；(2)在分析期内,福建省农业标准化各子系统综合指数表现不一致,其中农业标准化水平发展指数保持快速稳定的增长,呈现出强劲的发展态势,农业标准化专业技术人员比例、教育年限、经费投入和农产品采标率、标准覆盖率等重要指标亦取得明显提升；(3)福建省在农业标准化建设过程中,标准化水平和实施效果发展两者较为稳定、协调,但处于主导因素由经济效益向经济效益兼顾生态效益转变的过渡时期,生态效益系统发展与其他系统不协调,是影响福建省农业标准化建设的最关键因素。
基于此,论文提出了进一步提高未来福建省农业标准化建设水平的总体思路与对策。总体思路是：在现有农业标准化工作基础上,进一步提高各领域标准的覆盖面,加强对农业创新技术标准化的研究,推动农业新技术转化为现实生产力。建立完善能适应福建省现代农业发展的标准体系、服务体系和推广体系,创新农业标准化示范区建设新模式。不断拓宽农业标准化工作领域,全面推动福建省的现代农业和农村经济又好又快发展。对策建议为：(1)加强组织领导,健全农业标准化协调推进机制；(2)适时推进新标准研究工作,提高农业创新技术转化能力和农业标准的技术水平；(3)实施农业生产全过程的综合标准化工作,拓展农民增收空间；(4)健全农业标准化检测体系,提升农产品的质量安全保障；(5)抓好标准实施过程的效果评价,及时调整标准实施方案；(6)扩大农民生产规模与技术推广网络,引导合作社建设发展；(7)完善农产品市场机制,疏导标准化农产品市场流通环节；(8)加强农业生产环境保护标准化工作,推行生态农业标准化。
Agricultural standardization is according to the standard to product the whole process of agricultural products, is the strategic requirements of promoting agricultural industry revolution.We will promote construction of agricultural standardization, to optimize the agricultural industrial structure, enhance the level of quality and safety of agricultural products, enhance market competitiveness, promote agricultural efficiency and farmers' income, all have very important significance.That is,without agricultural standardization, there is no modernization of agriculture. In our country, Fujian is one of the provinces where agricultural standardization work start early, for a long time by the agricultural standardization work, effectively promote the province'development of modern agriculture, improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Agricultural standardization construction, however, is a long-term strategic task, is also a complicated system engineering, no thorough research and the continuous advancement, it is difficult to expand its coverage and enhance its construction level, and how to evaluate a region especially provincial level agriculture standardization construction effect, and explore effective ways to enhance the level of agricultural standardization construction, is of far-reaching significance.
The paper chose Fujian province as an object of empirical study,on the basis of the review of agricultural standardization and its related theory, focusing on the following issues were studied:(1) the development course,the construction of the status quo and the existing problems of Fujian agricultural standardization;(2) the background of agriculture standard formulation and promotion implementation in Fujian province;(3) the construction of evaluation index system of agricultural standardization construction and the choice of evaluation methods;(4) the analysis of the agricultural standardization demonstration area of Fujian province and the construction level evaluation index system construction and application;(5) to enhance the level of Fujian agricultural standardization construction of thought and countermeasures.
The core of this study is to establish the agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province and its effect evaluation index system and evaluation model, taking the scientific nature as the principle, carrying on agricultural standardization effet of the construction of the comprehensive evaluation from qualitative to quantitative multiple dimensions of Fujian province. The results show that:(1)from2008to2012,the agricultural standardization development comprehensive evaluation index of Fujian province is each in0.8above, the overall is stronger. But during the period of5years appeared a greater volatility, two development composite index hitting a appeared in2009and2011respectively, and hitting in2009is more significant than2011.After two fluctuation trend for the development of composite index, index trend began to rise in2012, the general trend of fluctuations rise. In general, agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province has a good basic condition, but the development of the situation is not stable;(2)in the period of analysis, the performance of each subsystem of Fujian agricultural standardization comprehensive performance index is not consistent.Among the agricultural standardization development level index maintain fast and stable growth, showing a strong development momentum.The agricultural standardization of the proportion of professional and technical personnel, fixed number of year of the education, fund input and agricultural products adopt standard rate, coverage rate of standard and other important indicators also have improved significantly;(3)in the process of agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province, both of the level of standardization and implementation effect is relatively stable, coordinated development, but in a dominant factor from the economic benefit to the ecological and economic benefits transition period,.Ecological benefit system development is uncoordinated with other system, is the most critical factors that affect agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province.
Based on this, the paper put forward the overall train of thought and countermeasures to further improve the level of future agricultural standardization construction in Fujian province. General idea is:On the basis of the existing agricultural standardization work, to further improve the standard in the field of coverage, and strengthen the study of standardization of agricultural technology innovation,it will promote modern agriculture development and absorb new technologies which applied to the standard and implementation and promotion, promote agricultural new technology into realistic productivity. To establish standard system, service system and promotion system which can adapt to the development of modern agriculture in Fujian province, innovating a new construction model of agricultural standardization demonstration area..Continuously broaden the field of agricultural standardization, comprehensively promote the modern agriculture and rural economy in Fujian province sound and rapid development.The countermeasures and suggestions include:(1) to strengthen organizational leadership, and improve the mechanism of agricultural standardization coordination and promote;(2) timely to promote new standard research work, to improve agricultural technology innovation ability and technical level of agricultural standards;(3) implement comprehensive standardization work of the whole process of agricultural production, to expand the space of increasing farmers' income;(4) to improve the agricultural standardization detection system, to improve the agricultural products'quality security;(5) to pay special attention to the standard implementation effect evaluation of the process, adjust the standard implementation plan;(6) to strengthen team construction, establishing agricultural standards technology popularization network;(7) to strengthen of policy adjustment and optimization, and accelerate building the agricultural standardization in order to coordinated development;(8) to strengthen agricultural production environmental protection standardization work, promote standardization of agricultural production.
引文
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