农民专业合作社运行绩效与影响因素研究
摘要
农民专业合作社是指在家庭承包经营的基础上,从事同类或者相关农产品的生产经营者,依据加入自愿、退出自由、民主管理、盈余返还的原则,按照章程进行共同生产、经营、服务活动的互助性经济组织。
我国的农民专业合作社与国外发达国家的合作社相比,整体竞争力还不强,不同的合作社的运行状况、绩效也不同。对农民专业合作社运行绩效进行研究,对其绩效水平做出客观、正确地评价,找出其薄弱环节,并进一步采取相应措施提升我国农民专业合作社的整体竞争力,是有着十分重要的理论意义和现实意义的。
本文以扬州市为例,从农民专业合作社运行绩效及影响因素的角度出发,在理论分析合作社运行绩效的影响因素的基础上,运用功效系数法和线性回归,对扬州市农民专业合作社的运行绩效及影响因素进行了研究,最后提出了相应的政策建议。具体的内容框架为:
第一部分对研究的目标、思路以及相关概念的进行了基本阐述。第二部分是文献综述,这部分对已往农民专业合作社的研究进行了疏理,同时对绩效及其影响因素也进行了文献综述。第三部分详细考察了扬州市农民专业合作社的发展现状,并引入案例进行了分析。第四部分是对农民专业合作社运行绩效与影响因素的理论分析。第五部分,在理论分析的基础上,构建计量模型,运用所收集的数据对农民专业合作社运行绩效的影响因素进行实证分析。第六部分的内容是根据研究结果提出的政策建议。
本文实证分析部分运用了江苏省扬州市42个产销型农民专业合作社的调查数据,对构建的模型进行了回归。研究发现“人”与“资本”对合作社的运行绩效是有很大影响的;领导人能力与内部治理结构对合作社的运行绩效也有一定的影响,其中是领导人能力的影响尤为显著;政府资金的扶持对合作社运行绩效的影响不是很大。
Farmers’cooperatives is mutual economic organization, which basis in the household contract and engaged in similar or related agricultural production operators to join a voluntary basis, free for out of, democratic management, the principle of returning surplus, and accordance with the articles of association for joint production, operation and service activities.
Compared to cooperatives in developed countries, farmers’cooperatives in China is still weak in overall competitiveness, the different cooperatives with different operating conditions and performance. Farmer co-operation on the performance of their level of performance to make an objective and correct assessment, identify its weaknesses and to take further measures to enhance the professional farmer cooperatives in China's overall competitiveness, is of great theoretical and practical significance.
In this paper, I use Yangzhou City for an example. From the farmers’cooperatives operating performance and its influencing factors point of view, the theoretical analysis of factors affecting the performance of co-operation based on the use of efficiency coefficient and linear regression of Yangzhou City, the operation of Farmer Cooperatives performance and influencing factors were studied, and finally puts forward policy recommendations. The specific content of the framework are:
The first part of the objectives, ideas and concepts related to the basic set. The second part is the literature review, this part of a previous study farmer cooperatives were Reorganizing the same time, its influence factors on the performance of a literature review. Part III examines in detail Yangzhou Development of farmer cooperatives and the introduction of a case study. The fourth part is the running performance of farmer cooperatives and factors of theory. The fifth part, the theoretical analysis based on econometric model building, using the data collected on the performance of farmer cooperatives to run the empirical analysis of influencing factors. Part VI of the content is based on research policy recommendations.
The empirical analysis of the use of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 42 farmers production and marketing professional cooperatives-based survey data, the regression model constructed. Study found that "human" and "capital" of the cooperative's economic performance is very much affected; leadership capacity and internal governance structure of the cooperative's economic performance has a certain impact, which is the ability of leaders is particularly significant; government funds The support of the cooperative's economic performance impact is not great.
我国的农民专业合作社与国外发达国家的合作社相比,整体竞争力还不强,不同的合作社的运行状况、绩效也不同。对农民专业合作社运行绩效进行研究,对其绩效水平做出客观、正确地评价,找出其薄弱环节,并进一步采取相应措施提升我国农民专业合作社的整体竞争力,是有着十分重要的理论意义和现实意义的。
本文以扬州市为例,从农民专业合作社运行绩效及影响因素的角度出发,在理论分析合作社运行绩效的影响因素的基础上,运用功效系数法和线性回归,对扬州市农民专业合作社的运行绩效及影响因素进行了研究,最后提出了相应的政策建议。具体的内容框架为:
第一部分对研究的目标、思路以及相关概念的进行了基本阐述。第二部分是文献综述,这部分对已往农民专业合作社的研究进行了疏理,同时对绩效及其影响因素也进行了文献综述。第三部分详细考察了扬州市农民专业合作社的发展现状,并引入案例进行了分析。第四部分是对农民专业合作社运行绩效与影响因素的理论分析。第五部分,在理论分析的基础上,构建计量模型,运用所收集的数据对农民专业合作社运行绩效的影响因素进行实证分析。第六部分的内容是根据研究结果提出的政策建议。
本文实证分析部分运用了江苏省扬州市42个产销型农民专业合作社的调查数据,对构建的模型进行了回归。研究发现“人”与“资本”对合作社的运行绩效是有很大影响的;领导人能力与内部治理结构对合作社的运行绩效也有一定的影响,其中是领导人能力的影响尤为显著;政府资金的扶持对合作社运行绩效的影响不是很大。
Farmers’cooperatives is mutual economic organization, which basis in the household contract and engaged in similar or related agricultural production operators to join a voluntary basis, free for out of, democratic management, the principle of returning surplus, and accordance with the articles of association for joint production, operation and service activities.
Compared to cooperatives in developed countries, farmers’cooperatives in China is still weak in overall competitiveness, the different cooperatives with different operating conditions and performance. Farmer co-operation on the performance of their level of performance to make an objective and correct assessment, identify its weaknesses and to take further measures to enhance the professional farmer cooperatives in China's overall competitiveness, is of great theoretical and practical significance.
In this paper, I use Yangzhou City for an example. From the farmers’cooperatives operating performance and its influencing factors point of view, the theoretical analysis of factors affecting the performance of co-operation based on the use of efficiency coefficient and linear regression of Yangzhou City, the operation of Farmer Cooperatives performance and influencing factors were studied, and finally puts forward policy recommendations. The specific content of the framework are:
The first part of the objectives, ideas and concepts related to the basic set. The second part is the literature review, this part of a previous study farmer cooperatives were Reorganizing the same time, its influence factors on the performance of a literature review. Part III examines in detail Yangzhou Development of farmer cooperatives and the introduction of a case study. The fourth part is the running performance of farmer cooperatives and factors of theory. The fifth part, the theoretical analysis based on econometric model building, using the data collected on the performance of farmer cooperatives to run the empirical analysis of influencing factors. Part VI of the content is based on research policy recommendations.
The empirical analysis of the use of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 42 farmers production and marketing professional cooperatives-based survey data, the regression model constructed. Study found that "human" and "capital" of the cooperative's economic performance is very much affected; leadership capacity and internal governance structure of the cooperative's economic performance has a certain impact, which is the ability of leaders is particularly significant; government funds The support of the cooperative's economic performance impact is not great.
引文
[1] Cook,M.L,Chaddad,F.R,&Iliopoulos,C. Advances in Cooperative Theory since1990 : A Review of Agricultural Economics Literature .G.W.J.Hendrikse ( eds ) . Restructuring Agricultural Cooperatives. Erasmus University Press, 2004
[2] Cook , ML. The Future of U S.Agricultural Cooperatives : A Neo-Institutional Approach .American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 1995
[3] Emelianoff,I.V. Economic Theory of Cooperation[M]. Washington:Ann Arbor,Edward Brothers,1942
[4] Enke , S. Consumer Cooperatives and Economic Efficiency[J]. American Economic Review,1945,35(1)
[5] Feinerman , Falkovitz. An Agricultural Multipurpose Service Cooperative:Pareto Optimality Price-Tax Solution,and Stability[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,1991(15)
[6] Fulton,M,and Giannakas,K. Organizational Commitment in a Mixed Oligopoly:Agricultural Cooperatives and Investor-Owned Firms .A-merican Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2000
[7] Hansmann,H. The Ownership of Enterprise .The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996
[8] Hendrikse,G.W.J,&Veerman,C.P. Marketing Cooperatives:An Incomplete Contracting Perspective .Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2001
[9] N ILSSO N J. Organizational Principles for Cooperative Firm s[J] .Scandinavian JournalofM anagem ent, 2001
[10] Shil Kwan Lee. Cooperatives in Asia and Pacific.On30-year rural reformin china:development of china‘s farmer cooperatives .hang-zhou zhejiang province: 2008
[11] Short,H.et al. Corporate Governance:From Accountability to Enterprise .Accounting and Business Research, 1999
[12] Vitaliano,P. Cooperative Enterprise:An Alternative ConceptualBasis for Analyzing a Complex Institution .American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 1983
[13]柴效武,叶益东.“农业合作社+农户”——农村制度变迁过程中组织模式的抉择[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(4)
[14]陈晖涛.“合作社+农户”:当前农业产业化经营的理想模式[J].理论观察,2009(3)
[15]陈文俊、唐若兰.企业竞争力的识别与评价体系[J].理论与改革,2005(5)
[16]陈小悦,徐晓东.股权结构、企业绩效和投资者利益保护[J].经济研究,2001(11)
[17]储新民,李琪.我国农业合作化与市场化联动机制分析[J].财经问题研究,2009(9)
[18]杜吟棠,潘劲.我国新型农民合作社的雏形——京郊专业合作组织案例调查及理论探讨[J].管理世界,2000(1)
[19]高海.合作社核心成员兼任管理者的“责”与“利”[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(4) .
[20]郭红东,钱崔红.美国农业合作社发展面临的问题与启示[J].世界农业,2004(7)
[21]黄丽萍.成本收益视角下的农村合作经济组织发展困境[J].当代经济研究,2007(9)
[22]黄丽萍.交易成本与农村专业合作经济组织发展困境——基于农户层面的分析[J].东南学术,2007(5)
[23]黄胜忠,林坚,徐旭初.农民专业合作社治理机制及其绩效实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2008,(3) .
[24]黄彦强,影响新建企业绩效因素之探索——以集团新创事业为例,台湾朝阳科技大学硕士论文,2005
[25]黄祖辉,徐旭初,冯冠胜.农民专业合作组织发展的影响因素分析——对浙江省农民专业合作组织发展现状的探讨阴[J].中国农村经济,2002(3)
[26]黄祖辉,徐旭初.中国的农民专业合作社与制度安排[J].山东农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005(4)
[27]姜昭、王凯.我国农户与龙头企业主要利益联结机制的优缺点分析[J].现代经济探讨,2006(1)
[28]李丽纯.农民专业合作组织的广义经济学分析[J].安徽农业科学, 2006(8)
[29]李燕萍,涂乙冬.我国农民专业合作社发展模式研究——一个二维度整合模型[J].理论月刊, 2009(5)
[30]刘滨,陈池波,杜辉.农民专业合作社绩效度量的实证分析——来自江西省22个样本合作社的数据[J].农业经济问题,2009(2)
[31]刘芳.农民合作组织行政科层化的新制度经济学分析——以用水者协会的行政科层化为例[J].重庆工商大学学报(西部论坛), 2009(5)
[32]任大鹏,郭海霞.合作社制度的理想主义与现实主义——基于集体行动理论视角的思考[J].农业经济问题,2008(3)
[33]孙立国,曲艳,马艳春.农民专业合作社的功能[J].农民致富之友,2007(7)
[34]孙亚范.合作社组织文化及其对我国农村合作经济组织创新的启示[J].农村经营管理,2003(7)
[35]孙亚范.新型农民专业合作经济组织发展研究[M].社会科学文献出版社,2006(3)
[36]王占霞.黑龙江省农村专业合作组织发展的影响因素分析[J].经济研究导刊, 2007(3)
[37]吴东晓,探讨社会胜任力结构模型与绩效的关系研究,浙江大学博士学位论文
[38]谢鹏云.发展农民专业合作组织是增加农民收入的有效途径——甘肃省农民专业合作组织发展情况调查[J].甘肃农业,2005(12)
[39]谢曙光.农业产业化经营与农民专业合作组织的关系[J].经济论坛, 2004(14)
[40]徐旭初.中国农民专业合作组织的制度分析[M].经济科学出版社,2005(7)
[41]苑鹏.现代合作社理论研究发展评述[J].农村经营管理,2005(4)
[42]岳爱娴.构建我国治理型农民专业合作经济组织研究[J].行政与法, 2009(11)
[43]张兵,郁胜国,孟德锋.江苏苏北农民专业合作组织绩效评价[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2008(2)
[44]张娉婕,张媛,胡经伟,黄玲.农民专业合作社的发展现状研究——基于四川省162个村的调查数据[J].安徽农业科学, 2009(33)
[45]张尚民.农民专业合作经济组织:现状、问题及对策——以重庆万州为例[J].市场论坛,2007(3)
[46]张晓山.“合作经济”解决三农问题的金钥匙[J].中国合作经济,2005(4)张晓山.促进以农产品生产专业户为主体的合作社的发展——以浙江省农民专业合作社的发展为例[J].中国农村经济,2004(11)
[47]赵国杰,吴连玉,张月晨,郭春丽.基于农户满意角度的农民专业合作社组织管理制度研究——以河北省清苑县高优专业合作社为例[J].电子科技大学学报(社科版),2009(5)
[48]赵金龙,甄鸣涛,岳华.“一人一票”决策制对我国农业合作组织的适应性分析[J].农村经济,2009(12)
[2] Cook , ML. The Future of U S.Agricultural Cooperatives : A Neo-Institutional Approach .American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 1995
[3] Emelianoff,I.V. Economic Theory of Cooperation[M]. Washington:Ann Arbor,Edward Brothers,1942
[4] Enke , S. Consumer Cooperatives and Economic Efficiency[J]. American Economic Review,1945,35(1)
[5] Feinerman , Falkovitz. An Agricultural Multipurpose Service Cooperative:Pareto Optimality Price-Tax Solution,and Stability[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,1991(15)
[6] Fulton,M,and Giannakas,K. Organizational Commitment in a Mixed Oligopoly:Agricultural Cooperatives and Investor-Owned Firms .A-merican Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2000
[7] Hansmann,H. The Ownership of Enterprise .The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996
[8] Hendrikse,G.W.J,&Veerman,C.P. Marketing Cooperatives:An Incomplete Contracting Perspective .Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2001
[9] N ILSSO N J. Organizational Principles for Cooperative Firm s[J] .Scandinavian JournalofM anagem ent, 2001
[10] Shil Kwan Lee. Cooperatives in Asia and Pacific.On30-year rural reformin china:development of china‘s farmer cooperatives .hang-zhou zhejiang province: 2008
[11] Short,H.et al. Corporate Governance:From Accountability to Enterprise .Accounting and Business Research, 1999
[12] Vitaliano,P. Cooperative Enterprise:An Alternative ConceptualBasis for Analyzing a Complex Institution .American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 1983
[13]柴效武,叶益东.“农业合作社+农户”——农村制度变迁过程中组织模式的抉择[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(4)
[14]陈晖涛.“合作社+农户”:当前农业产业化经营的理想模式[J].理论观察,2009(3)
[15]陈文俊、唐若兰.企业竞争力的识别与评价体系[J].理论与改革,2005(5)
[16]陈小悦,徐晓东.股权结构、企业绩效和投资者利益保护[J].经济研究,2001(11)
[17]储新民,李琪.我国农业合作化与市场化联动机制分析[J].财经问题研究,2009(9)
[18]杜吟棠,潘劲.我国新型农民合作社的雏形——京郊专业合作组织案例调查及理论探讨[J].管理世界,2000(1)
[19]高海.合作社核心成员兼任管理者的“责”与“利”[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(4) .
[20]郭红东,钱崔红.美国农业合作社发展面临的问题与启示[J].世界农业,2004(7)
[21]黄丽萍.成本收益视角下的农村合作经济组织发展困境[J].当代经济研究,2007(9)
[22]黄丽萍.交易成本与农村专业合作经济组织发展困境——基于农户层面的分析[J].东南学术,2007(5)
[23]黄胜忠,林坚,徐旭初.农民专业合作社治理机制及其绩效实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2008,(3) .
[24]黄彦强,影响新建企业绩效因素之探索——以集团新创事业为例,台湾朝阳科技大学硕士论文,2005
[25]黄祖辉,徐旭初,冯冠胜.农民专业合作组织发展的影响因素分析——对浙江省农民专业合作组织发展现状的探讨阴[J].中国农村经济,2002(3)
[26]黄祖辉,徐旭初.中国的农民专业合作社与制度安排[J].山东农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005(4)
[27]姜昭、王凯.我国农户与龙头企业主要利益联结机制的优缺点分析[J].现代经济探讨,2006(1)
[28]李丽纯.农民专业合作组织的广义经济学分析[J].安徽农业科学, 2006(8)
[29]李燕萍,涂乙冬.我国农民专业合作社发展模式研究——一个二维度整合模型[J].理论月刊, 2009(5)
[30]刘滨,陈池波,杜辉.农民专业合作社绩效度量的实证分析——来自江西省22个样本合作社的数据[J].农业经济问题,2009(2)
[31]刘芳.农民合作组织行政科层化的新制度经济学分析——以用水者协会的行政科层化为例[J].重庆工商大学学报(西部论坛), 2009(5)
[32]任大鹏,郭海霞.合作社制度的理想主义与现实主义——基于集体行动理论视角的思考[J].农业经济问题,2008(3)
[33]孙立国,曲艳,马艳春.农民专业合作社的功能[J].农民致富之友,2007(7)
[34]孙亚范.合作社组织文化及其对我国农村合作经济组织创新的启示[J].农村经营管理,2003(7)
[35]孙亚范.新型农民专业合作经济组织发展研究[M].社会科学文献出版社,2006(3)
[36]王占霞.黑龙江省农村专业合作组织发展的影响因素分析[J].经济研究导刊, 2007(3)
[37]吴东晓,探讨社会胜任力结构模型与绩效的关系研究,浙江大学博士学位论文
[38]谢鹏云.发展农民专业合作组织是增加农民收入的有效途径——甘肃省农民专业合作组织发展情况调查[J].甘肃农业,2005(12)
[39]谢曙光.农业产业化经营与农民专业合作组织的关系[J].经济论坛, 2004(14)
[40]徐旭初.中国农民专业合作组织的制度分析[M].经济科学出版社,2005(7)
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