干旱胁迫下玉米杂交组合形态发育、产量及水分利用的研究
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摘要
通过在抗旱防雨棚内设置正常供水和中度干旱胁迫两个水分处理的盆栽试验,研究了10个玉米杂交组合的形态特征、产量、抗旱性及水分利用效率。以期为我省干旱条件下玉米的节水灌溉栽培调控以及在干旱条件下选择种植稳产、高产、节水的玉米品种提供一定的理论依据和方法依据。结果表明:
1、411×18599、449×交51、411×449和S11×411的抗旱性表现好,在干旱胁迫下仍能高产、稳产,其中411×18599的抗旱指数隶属度为0.608,为Ⅱ级抗旱。449×S11和18599×S11的抗旱性表现较差。
2、正常供水411×18599的籽粒产量最高,为72.36g/株。交51×18599和S11×交51的籽粒产量较低。中度干旱胁迫411×18599的籽粒产量最高,为65.06g/株,18599×S11和S11×交51的籽粒产量较低。
3、正常供水449×交51的耗水量最高,为28.22kg/株。中度干旱胁迫S11×411的耗水量最高,为22.13kg/株,18599×S11和411×449的耗水量较小。
4、正常供水交51×411的生物产量水分利用率最高,为9.19g/kg;18599×S11的籽粒产量水分利用率最高,为3.37g/kg。中度干旱胁迫交51×18599的生物产量水分利用率最高,为9.47g/kg;411×18599、交51×411的籽粒产量水分利用率较高,分别为3.50g/kg、3.41g/kg。
5、综合生物产量、抗旱性、耗水量、水分利用率来看411×449属产量高、抗旱性强、耗水量低、水分利用率高的杂交组合,411×18599属产量高、抗旱性强、耗水量中等、水分利用率高的杂交组合。这两个杂交组合的抗旱性、产量形成及水分利用特性可进一步从其形态发育、生理生化特性、遗传特点等方面进行深入的研究。
6、株高和叶面积在复水后表现出了较高的补偿效应,其中449×交51、S11×交51、411×449和18599×交51的株高补偿效应较为明显。449×交51的叶面积补偿效应明显。
7、逐步回归分析表明:穗位高、秃尖长、行粒数、百粒重、穗粗、根冠比和根系体积与产量水分利用效率密切相关,可作为玉米杂交组合产量WUE的鉴定评价指标。
By pot experiments,two water treatments were designed,including normal water supply and middle drought stress under an anti-drought and rain-proof shelter,morphological characteristic,yield,drought resistance and water use efficiency(WUE) of 10 maize hybridized combination were studied.In periods,both the maize's saving water irrigation and the regulation of cultivation,method and theory basis were provided for choosing the plants with the stable yield, the high yield,the saving water's maize varieties under drought condition in our province,The result indicated that:
1,performance of drought resistance of 411×18599,449×cross51,411×449 and S11×411 were well,and can maintain still high yield and the stable,subordinate function value of drought index of 411×18599 was 0.608,it was levelⅡResistant.While performance of drought resistance of 449×S11 and 18599×S11 were poor under drought stress.
2,the grain output of 411×18599 was the highest,72.36/plant,while the grain output of cross51×18599 and S11×cross 51 were lower under normal water supply.The grain output of 411×18599 was the highest,65.06/plant,while the grain output of 18599×S11 and S11×cross 51 were lower under middle drought stress.
3,the water consumption of 449×cross51 was the highest,28.22kg/plant under normal water supply.The water consumption of S11×411 was the highest,22.13kg/plant,while water consumption of 18599×S11 and 411×449 were lower under middle drought stress.
4,the biological output of water use efficiency of 51×411 was the highest,9.19g/kg,the water use efficiency of the grain output of 18599×S11 was the highest,3.37g/kg under normal water supply,biological output of water use efficiency of 51×18599 was the highest,9.47g/kg;use efficiency of the grain output of 411×18599 and cross51×411 were high,3.50g/kg,3.41g/kg respectively under middle drought stress.
5,the comprehensive analysis on biological output,the drought resistance,the water consumption and the water use efficiency,hybrid combination of 411×449 was the high yield,the strong drought resistance,the water consumption low and water use efficiency high,hybrid combination of 411×18599 was the high-yield,the strong drought resistance,the water consumption middle and water use efficiency high.The drought resistance,the output form and character of water utilization of 411×449 and 411×18599 may be studied deeply on further morphological development,physiological biochemistry characteristic,and heredity characteristic etc.
6,the performance of compensation responses of plant high and leaf area were high after resumes the water supply,compensation responses of plant high of 449×cross51,S11×cross51, 411×449 and 18599×cross51 were more obvious.Compensation responses leaf area of 449×cross51 was obvious.
7,step-by-step regressive analysis results showed that height of ear,length of barren,grain of row,100-grain weight,ear diameter,root/shoot ratio and the roots volume and water use efficiency of yield were close relativity,those were regarded as the appraisal evaluating index of maize hybrid combination water use efficiency of yield.
1、411×18599、449×交51、411×449和S11×411的抗旱性表现好,在干旱胁迫下仍能高产、稳产,其中411×18599的抗旱指数隶属度为0.608,为Ⅱ级抗旱。449×S11和18599×S11的抗旱性表现较差。
2、正常供水411×18599的籽粒产量最高,为72.36g/株。交51×18599和S11×交51的籽粒产量较低。中度干旱胁迫411×18599的籽粒产量最高,为65.06g/株,18599×S11和S11×交51的籽粒产量较低。
3、正常供水449×交51的耗水量最高,为28.22kg/株。中度干旱胁迫S11×411的耗水量最高,为22.13kg/株,18599×S11和411×449的耗水量较小。
4、正常供水交51×411的生物产量水分利用率最高,为9.19g/kg;18599×S11的籽粒产量水分利用率最高,为3.37g/kg。中度干旱胁迫交51×18599的生物产量水分利用率最高,为9.47g/kg;411×18599、交51×411的籽粒产量水分利用率较高,分别为3.50g/kg、3.41g/kg。
5、综合生物产量、抗旱性、耗水量、水分利用率来看411×449属产量高、抗旱性强、耗水量低、水分利用率高的杂交组合,411×18599属产量高、抗旱性强、耗水量中等、水分利用率高的杂交组合。这两个杂交组合的抗旱性、产量形成及水分利用特性可进一步从其形态发育、生理生化特性、遗传特点等方面进行深入的研究。
6、株高和叶面积在复水后表现出了较高的补偿效应,其中449×交51、S11×交51、411×449和18599×交51的株高补偿效应较为明显。449×交51的叶面积补偿效应明显。
7、逐步回归分析表明:穗位高、秃尖长、行粒数、百粒重、穗粗、根冠比和根系体积与产量水分利用效率密切相关,可作为玉米杂交组合产量WUE的鉴定评价指标。
By pot experiments,two water treatments were designed,including normal water supply and middle drought stress under an anti-drought and rain-proof shelter,morphological characteristic,yield,drought resistance and water use efficiency(WUE) of 10 maize hybridized combination were studied.In periods,both the maize's saving water irrigation and the regulation of cultivation,method and theory basis were provided for choosing the plants with the stable yield, the high yield,the saving water's maize varieties under drought condition in our province,The result indicated that:
1,performance of drought resistance of 411×18599,449×cross51,411×449 and S11×411 were well,and can maintain still high yield and the stable,subordinate function value of drought index of 411×18599 was 0.608,it was levelⅡResistant.While performance of drought resistance of 449×S11 and 18599×S11 were poor under drought stress.
2,the grain output of 411×18599 was the highest,72.36/plant,while the grain output of cross51×18599 and S11×cross 51 were lower under normal water supply.The grain output of 411×18599 was the highest,65.06/plant,while the grain output of 18599×S11 and S11×cross 51 were lower under middle drought stress.
3,the water consumption of 449×cross51 was the highest,28.22kg/plant under normal water supply.The water consumption of S11×411 was the highest,22.13kg/plant,while water consumption of 18599×S11 and 411×449 were lower under middle drought stress.
4,the biological output of water use efficiency of 51×411 was the highest,9.19g/kg,the water use efficiency of the grain output of 18599×S11 was the highest,3.37g/kg under normal water supply,biological output of water use efficiency of 51×18599 was the highest,9.47g/kg;use efficiency of the grain output of 411×18599 and cross51×411 were high,3.50g/kg,3.41g/kg respectively under middle drought stress.
5,the comprehensive analysis on biological output,the drought resistance,the water consumption and the water use efficiency,hybrid combination of 411×449 was the high yield,the strong drought resistance,the water consumption low and water use efficiency high,hybrid combination of 411×18599 was the high-yield,the strong drought resistance,the water consumption middle and water use efficiency high.The drought resistance,the output form and character of water utilization of 411×449 and 411×18599 may be studied deeply on further morphological development,physiological biochemistry characteristic,and heredity characteristic etc.
6,the performance of compensation responses of plant high and leaf area were high after resumes the water supply,compensation responses of plant high of 449×cross51,S11×cross51, 411×449 and 18599×cross51 were more obvious.Compensation responses leaf area of 449×cross51 was obvious.
7,step-by-step regressive analysis results showed that height of ear,length of barren,grain of row,100-grain weight,ear diameter,root/shoot ratio and the roots volume and water use efficiency of yield were close relativity,those were regarded as the appraisal evaluating index of maize hybrid combination water use efficiency of yield.
引文
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