农药及其降解产物的分析方法研究
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摘要
本论文包括以下四个部分：
第一部分：研究了吡虫清的测定体系，通过对底液选择，pH的影响，起始电位，扫描速率，工作曲线，线性范围，回收率，检测限，重现性，含量测定，电极反应过程及机理如产物结构，电极反应的可逆性，体系的吸附性等方面的研究，确定在浓度为0.2mol·L~(-1) NaOH+0.2 mol·L~(-1)H_3BO_3+0.2 mol·L~(-1)KCl(pH=10.0)的底液中，吡虫清在单扫描示波极谱上有一灵敏的催化氢波。极谱波的峰电位于-1.59V(vs.SCE)附近。该峰具有一定的吸附性。当吡虫清的浓度在7.0×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)--7.0×10~(-4)mol．L~(-1)范围内时，与峰电流成线性关系。建立了一种用单扫描示波极谱法测定吡虫清含量的有效方法。该方法特点为样品不需分离，直接测定，操作简便，方法灵敏，快速，准确可靠。本方法还与HPLC分析方法进行了比较，并得出准确度与精密度的数据。
第二部分：用胶束毛细管电动色谱法(MEKC)分离了两种分子结构相近的氯代烟碱类杀虫剂—吡虫啉和吡虫清，研究了背景电解质，表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度，有机改性剂甲醇含量，pH值等对分离的影响，找出最佳分离条件，并予以理论上的解释。
第三部分：在两种氯代烟碱类杀虫剂——吡虫啉和吡虫清已经达到基线分离的条件下，加入三种磺酰脲类除草剂——甲磺隆、氯磺隆、氯嘧磺隆，优化分离条件，使这五种农药在13分钟内达到基线分离。研究了表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠的浓度对分离的影响。
第四部分：用胶束电动毛细管色谱法，以太阳光为光源，研究了磺酰脲类除草剂----甲磺隆在中性水溶液中的光降解过程。在电泳条件为10mmol·L~(-1)硼酸-硼酸钠+4％甲醇+54mmol·L~(-1)十二烷基磺酸钠下，分离了这种农药的光降解产物，并用紫外连续扫描法对结果进行了对照，推断其降解过程。
Four parts are given in this thesis, the main results are expressed as follows:
1. Investigations have been performed on the determinaton of acetamiprid. In a suportting electrolyte containing 0.2mol I/'NaOH+Omol LH3BO3+Q.2mol L"'KC1 at pH=10.0, acetamiprid produces a sensitive catalytic hydrogen wave by single-sweep polarography. The peak potential is -1.59V(vs.SCE). The linear relation between holds the peak current and the acetamiprid concentration in the range from 7.0xlO5molL~17.0xlO"4molL"1. A sensitive method for determination of acetamiprid by single-sweep oscillopolarography was developed. The method has been compared to acetamiprid's HPLC method. And the mechanism of elctrode reduction is discussed.
2. Acetamiprid and imidacloprid are two novels pesticides among the chloronicotines, which have the closely structure. In this wok, the separation of acetamiprid and imidacloprid by MEKC is studied. In order to modify the separation, sodium dodecyl sulfate is added to buffer to form a micellar. Several factors affecting the separation are examined: background electrolyte, SDS concentration and pH value of buffer solution. The two pesticides can be satisfactorily separated within 10 minutes using a 75cmx50um uncoated flexible fused silica capillary colume (effctive length= 60cm) and using buffer solution consisting of a mixture of lOmmolL"1 borate buffer (pHS.O), 22mmolL~l SDS and 4% methanol in water.
3. In this wok, two pesticides- acetamiprid and imidacloprid and three sulfonylurea herbicides-chlorsulfuraru metsulfuron methyl and chlorimuron ethyl are separated by MEKC with migration time < 13 minutes using a 75cmx50um uncoated flexible fused silica capillary colume (effctive length^ 60cm) and using buffer solution consisting of a mixture of lOmmolL"1 borate buffer (pH8.0),54mmolL"' SDS and 4% methanol in water. SDS concentration is examined for getting the best separation.
4. The photochemical degradation of metsulfuron methyl has been investigated by ultrviolet spectrum and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC); the degradation
pathway of the herbicides was elucidated and its degradation pruducts were separated by MEKC using a 75cmx50um uncoated flexible fused silica capillary colume (effctive length =60cm) and using buffer solution consisting of a mixture of lOmmolL"1 borate buffer (pHS.O), 54mmolL"' SDS and 4% methanol in water.
第一部分：研究了吡虫清的测定体系，通过对底液选择，pH的影响，起始电位，扫描速率，工作曲线，线性范围，回收率，检测限，重现性，含量测定，电极反应过程及机理如产物结构，电极反应的可逆性，体系的吸附性等方面的研究，确定在浓度为0.2mol·L~(-1) NaOH+0.2 mol·L~(-1)H_3BO_3+0.2 mol·L~(-1)KCl(pH=10.0)的底液中，吡虫清在单扫描示波极谱上有一灵敏的催化氢波。极谱波的峰电位于-1.59V(vs.SCE)附近。该峰具有一定的吸附性。当吡虫清的浓度在7.0×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)--7.0×10~(-4)mol．L~(-1)范围内时，与峰电流成线性关系。建立了一种用单扫描示波极谱法测定吡虫清含量的有效方法。该方法特点为样品不需分离，直接测定，操作简便，方法灵敏，快速，准确可靠。本方法还与HPLC分析方法进行了比较，并得出准确度与精密度的数据。
第二部分：用胶束毛细管电动色谱法(MEKC)分离了两种分子结构相近的氯代烟碱类杀虫剂—吡虫啉和吡虫清，研究了背景电解质，表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度，有机改性剂甲醇含量，pH值等对分离的影响，找出最佳分离条件，并予以理论上的解释。
第三部分：在两种氯代烟碱类杀虫剂——吡虫啉和吡虫清已经达到基线分离的条件下，加入三种磺酰脲类除草剂——甲磺隆、氯磺隆、氯嘧磺隆，优化分离条件，使这五种农药在13分钟内达到基线分离。研究了表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠的浓度对分离的影响。
第四部分：用胶束电动毛细管色谱法，以太阳光为光源，研究了磺酰脲类除草剂----甲磺隆在中性水溶液中的光降解过程。在电泳条件为10mmol·L~(-1)硼酸-硼酸钠+4％甲醇+54mmol·L~(-1)十二烷基磺酸钠下，分离了这种农药的光降解产物，并用紫外连续扫描法对结果进行了对照，推断其降解过程。
Four parts are given in this thesis, the main results are expressed as follows:
1. Investigations have been performed on the determinaton of acetamiprid. In a suportting electrolyte containing 0.2mol I/'NaOH+Omol LH3BO3+Q.2mol L"'KC1 at pH=10.0, acetamiprid produces a sensitive catalytic hydrogen wave by single-sweep polarography. The peak potential is -1.59V(vs.SCE). The linear relation between holds the peak current and the acetamiprid concentration in the range from 7.0xlO5molL~17.0xlO"4molL"1. A sensitive method for determination of acetamiprid by single-sweep oscillopolarography was developed. The method has been compared to acetamiprid's HPLC method. And the mechanism of elctrode reduction is discussed.
2. Acetamiprid and imidacloprid are two novels pesticides among the chloronicotines, which have the closely structure. In this wok, the separation of acetamiprid and imidacloprid by MEKC is studied. In order to modify the separation, sodium dodecyl sulfate is added to buffer to form a micellar. Several factors affecting the separation are examined: background electrolyte, SDS concentration and pH value of buffer solution. The two pesticides can be satisfactorily separated within 10 minutes using a 75cmx50um uncoated flexible fused silica capillary colume (effctive length= 60cm) and using buffer solution consisting of a mixture of lOmmolL"1 borate buffer (pHS.O), 22mmolL~l SDS and 4% methanol in water.
3. In this wok, two pesticides- acetamiprid and imidacloprid and three sulfonylurea herbicides-chlorsulfuraru metsulfuron methyl and chlorimuron ethyl are separated by MEKC with migration time < 13 minutes using a 75cmx50um uncoated flexible fused silica capillary colume (effctive length^ 60cm) and using buffer solution consisting of a mixture of lOmmolL"1 borate buffer (pH8.0),54mmolL"' SDS and 4% methanol in water. SDS concentration is examined for getting the best separation.
4. The photochemical degradation of metsulfuron methyl has been investigated by ultrviolet spectrum and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC); the degradation
pathway of the herbicides was elucidated and its degradation pruducts were separated by MEKC using a 75cmx50um uncoated flexible fused silica capillary colume (effctive length =60cm) and using buffer solution consisting of a mixture of lOmmolL"1 borate buffer (pHS.O), 54mmolL"' SDS and 4% methanol in water.
引文
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[6] 谢心宏．新型杀虫剂吡虫啉 农药．1998，(37) 5：40～42
[7] Nakayama A,Sukekawa M,Eguchi Y.Pestic.Sci.1997,51:157
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[12] Tokieda, M.Ozawa, M., Gomyo, T. Methods of determination of acetamiprid and its degradation products in soil by GC.J.Pesticide Sci. 1999, 24(4): 181～185
[13] 钱训．啶虫脒的高效液相色谱分析．农药，1997，36(11)：24
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[38] Farran A, SerraC, SepaniakMJ. J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 835: 209-215
[39] ForetF, SustacekV, BocckP, Electrophoresis, 1990, 11: 95-97
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[46] Carabias Martinez R, Rodriguez Gonzalo E, Munoz Dominguez A I, et al. J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 733: 349-360
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[2] David Pimentel等 农药使用对环境的影响．湖北农业科学，1994，(1)：54～56
[3] 季宗成．对外农药概况．农药1994，(1)：2～8，41
[4] 高希武等．桃芽对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯抗性的研究．植物保护学报。1992，(4)：365～371
[5] 张一宾等编．农药中国物资出版社．1997，204～205
[6] 谢心宏．新型杀虫剂吡虫啉 农药．1998，(37) 5：40～42
[7] Nakayama A,Sukekawa M,Eguchi Y.Pestic.Sci.1997,51:157
[8～10] 厉墨宝编．农药新品种．南京：江苏科学技术出版社 1989：447
[11] Tokieda, M.Ozawa, M.Kobayashi, S. Etal. Research on actual residues for acetamiprid in crops and soils. J.Pesticide Sci 1999, 24(2): 115～122
[12] Tokieda, M.Ozawa, M., Gomyo, T. Methods of determination of acetamiprid and its degradation products in soil by GC.J.Pesticide Sci. 1999, 24(4): 181～185
[13] 钱训．啶虫脒的高效液相色谱分析．农药，1997，36(11)：24
[14] 曹斌．高效液相色谱法分离测定吡虫清成品及制剂．农药，2000，39(4)：14
[15] 毕富春．用SE-30大口径毛细管柱定量分析啶虫脒．农药，2001，40(10)：19
[16] 高亚林 光辉等．啶虫脒乳油的高效液相色谱分析．河南化工，2000，8：37
[17] Jorgenson J W, Lukas K D. Anal. Chem., 1981(8), 53:1298-1302
[18] Jorgenson J W, Lukas K D. Clin. Chem., 1981, 27; 1551-1554
[19] Jorgenson J W, Lukas K D. Science, 1983, 222; 226-229
[20] Terabe S, Otuska K, Ichikawa K, et al. Anal. Chem., 1984, 56(1): 111-113
[21] Burgi D S. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65(24): 3726-3729
[22] Susse H, Muller H. J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 730:337-343
[23] Hsieh Y Z, Huang H Y. J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 745:217-223
[24] Chien R L, Burgi D S. Anal. Chem., 1992, 64(8): 489A-496A
[25] Chien R L, Burgi D S. Anal. Chem., 1992, 64(9): 1046-1050
[26] Zhang C X, Thormann W. Anal. Chem., 1996, 68(15): 2523-2532
[27] Omkins B A, Griest W H. Anal. Chem., 1996, 68(15): 2533-2540
[28] Cai J, El Rassi Z. J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1992, 15:1193-1200
[29] Galceran M T, Carneiro M C, Diez M, et al. J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 782:289-295
[30] Lazer L M, Lee M L. J. Microcol. Sep., 1999, 11:117-123
[31] Kaminasky D. Anal. Chem., 1994, 66: 1817-1824
[32] Schmitt p, Garrison AW, FreitagD, etal. J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 723: 169-177
[33] Garrison AW, Schmitt P, Kettrup A. J. Chromatogr A., 1994, 688: 317-327
[34] GarciaaF, Henion J. J. Chromatogr., 1992, 606: 237-247
[35] Smith JT, El Rassi Z. Electrophoresis, 1994, 15: 1248-1259
[36] Whang KS, Whang CW. Electrophoresis, 1997, 18: 241-246
[37] Carabias Marinetz R, Rodriguez Gonzalo E, Dominguez Alvarez J, et al. Anal. Chem., 1997, 69(21) : 4437-4444
[38] Farran A, SerraC, SepaniakMJ. J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 835: 209-215
[39] ForetF, SustacekV, BocckP, Electrophoresis, 1990, 11: 95-97
[40] Penmetsa K V, Leidy R B, Shea D. J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 790: 225-234
[41] Nielen M W F. J. Chromatogr. , 1993, 637: 81-90
[42] Mechref Y, El Rassi Z. Anal. Chem., 1996, 68(10) : 1771-1777
[43] Desiderio C, Polcara C M, Fanali S. Electrophoresis, 1997, 18: 227-234
[44] He Y, Lee H K. J. Chromatogr. A, 1998, 793: 331-340
[45] Dinelli G, VicariA, Brandolini V. J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 700: 201-207
[46] Carabias Martinez R, Rodriguez Gonzalo E, Munoz Dominguez A I, et al. J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 733: 349-360
[47] Hinsmann P, ArceL, Pios A, etal. J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 866: 137-146
[48] Leinweber F C, Otto M. J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 848: 347-363
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