草铵膦活性评价及其与几种农化物质的互作
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摘要
国外抗草铵膦转基因作物已经商品化，草铵膦已大面积使用。我国已成功培育抗草铵膦作物，对其安全性的评价刚刚开始，但是草铵膦对杂草活性研究内容未见报道。本文通过2001～2002年室内外试验，就草铵膦对北京地区主要杂草活性，草铵膦与除草剂互作以及助剂对草铵膦除草活性进行研究，结果如下：
本试验通过草铵膦、百草枯和草甘膦这三种灭生性除草剂对两次田间杂草活性试验，发现对杂草作用最快的是百草枯，最慢的是草甘膦，草铵膦介于二者之间。草铵膦每公顷400克(有效成分，下同)能有效防除马齿苋、反枝苋、鳢肠和委陵；每公顷800克能有效防除稗草、马唐和苘麻，但对藜和莎草的防效不好。
用剂量添加模型分析，草铵膦与喹禾灵在53.3～3.3比1范围内混用对稗草有显著的增效作用，最佳配比为草铵膦：喹禾灵=9.99：1(有效用量比)，增效倍数达0.45；草铵膦与喹禾灵在26.6～3.3比1范围内对反枝苋表现为增效。草铵膦与2甲4氯以2：1和1：1比例混用时，对稗草表现为增效作用，而以1：2和1：4混用时，对稗草表现为拮抗作用：草铵膦和2甲4氯混用对反枝苋作用表现为加成趋势。
加入硫酸铵、氮酮和植物油三种助剂都不同程度的提高了草铵膦对稗草和反枝苋的活性。加入硫酸铵在0.15％、0.2％、0.3％添加剂量中，0.20%的添加量对草铵膦的活性提高最大，对稗草和反枝苋的毒力分别提高0.73和1.57倍；在0.5～2.0％添加量的范围内，氮酮的浓度与对草铵膦的增效作用大小呈反比，在0.5％的添加量下，对稗草和反枝苋的毒力都提高0.95倍；但是，在0.5～2.0％添加量的范围内，植物油浓度与对草铵膦的增效作用大小呈正比，在2.0%的添加量下，对稗草和反枝苋的毒力分别提高了0.28和1.52倍。助剂提高草铵膦对稗草活性大小的顺序是氮酮>硫酸铵>植物油，提高草铵膦对反枝苋活性大小的顺序是硫酸铵≥植物油＞氮酮。
Glufosinate has been used widely as a non-selective herbicide in the world. Glufosinate-resistant crops were successfully bred in China. However, there was nothing done about the phytotoxicity of this herbicide. During 2001~2002, field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of glufosinate in controlling summer weeds in Beijing, to determine the interaction of the chemical with quizalofop-methyl and MCPA, and the effect of adjuvants ammonium sulfate, laurocapram Azone, and vegetative oil Hasten on its bioactivity.
The results of the repeated field experiments showed that the herbicidal activity of glufosinate was faster than that of glyphosate and slower than that of paraquat. Glufosinate at 400 g a.i./ha was effective on Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus retrqflexus, Eclipta prostrata, and Potentilla chinensis, at 800 g a.i./ha on Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Abutilon theophrasti, but not on Chenopodium album and Sedges.
According to the Additive Dosage Model, glufosinate plus quizalofop-methyl over a range of 53.3~3.3:1 ratios was significantly synergic to E. crus-galli. The best ratio was 9.99:1. The phytotoxicity at this ratio was as 1.45 times as the expected. The mixtures of the two herbicides over a range of 26.6~3.3:1 was synergic to A. retrqflexus. The interaction of the mixture of glufosinate plus MCPA on E. crus-galli depended on the ratios of the two herbicides. It gave synergic effect on the weed at the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1 and antagonistic effect at the ratios of 1:2,1:4 and 1:8. These two herbicides trended to provide additive effect on A. retrqflexus.
Added ammonium sulfate, laurocapram and the vegetative oil could enhance the phytotoxicity of glufosinate to E. crus-galli and A. retrqflexus. However, the extent of the increase in the toxicity depended on the kind of adjuvant and the amount added. Glufosinate had the highest phytotoxicity when ammonium sulfate was added at the rate of 0.2% among three added rates of 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. Toxicities to E. crus-galli and A. retrqflexus increased by 0.73 and 1.57 times, respectively. The amount of added laurocapram was negatively correlated with the phytotoxicity of glufosinate over a range of 0.5-2.0%. Added laurocapram of 0.5% increased in the toxicity to both weed species by 0.95 times. The amount of added the vegetative oil, however, was positively correlated with phytotoxicity of glufosinate over a range of 0.5~2.0%. Added the vegetative oil of 2.0% increased in toxicities to E. crus-galli and A. retrqflexus by 0.28 and 1.52 times, respectively. The order of enhancing toxicity of
glufosinate to E. crus-galli was laurocapram > ammonium sulfate > the vegetative oil, to A. retroflexus, ammonium sulfate>the vegetative oil > laurocapram.
本试验通过草铵膦、百草枯和草甘膦这三种灭生性除草剂对两次田间杂草活性试验，发现对杂草作用最快的是百草枯，最慢的是草甘膦，草铵膦介于二者之间。草铵膦每公顷400克(有效成分，下同)能有效防除马齿苋、反枝苋、鳢肠和委陵；每公顷800克能有效防除稗草、马唐和苘麻，但对藜和莎草的防效不好。
用剂量添加模型分析，草铵膦与喹禾灵在53.3～3.3比1范围内混用对稗草有显著的增效作用，最佳配比为草铵膦：喹禾灵=9.99：1(有效用量比)，增效倍数达0.45；草铵膦与喹禾灵在26.6～3.3比1范围内对反枝苋表现为增效。草铵膦与2甲4氯以2：1和1：1比例混用时，对稗草表现为增效作用，而以1：2和1：4混用时，对稗草表现为拮抗作用：草铵膦和2甲4氯混用对反枝苋作用表现为加成趋势。
加入硫酸铵、氮酮和植物油三种助剂都不同程度的提高了草铵膦对稗草和反枝苋的活性。加入硫酸铵在0.15％、0.2％、0.3％添加剂量中，0.20%的添加量对草铵膦的活性提高最大，对稗草和反枝苋的毒力分别提高0.73和1.57倍；在0.5～2.0％添加量的范围内，氮酮的浓度与对草铵膦的增效作用大小呈反比，在0.5％的添加量下，对稗草和反枝苋的毒力都提高0.95倍；但是，在0.5～2.0％添加量的范围内，植物油浓度与对草铵膦的增效作用大小呈正比，在2.0%的添加量下，对稗草和反枝苋的毒力分别提高了0.28和1.52倍。助剂提高草铵膦对稗草活性大小的顺序是氮酮>硫酸铵>植物油，提高草铵膦对反枝苋活性大小的顺序是硫酸铵≥植物油＞氮酮。
Glufosinate has been used widely as a non-selective herbicide in the world. Glufosinate-resistant crops were successfully bred in China. However, there was nothing done about the phytotoxicity of this herbicide. During 2001~2002, field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of glufosinate in controlling summer weeds in Beijing, to determine the interaction of the chemical with quizalofop-methyl and MCPA, and the effect of adjuvants ammonium sulfate, laurocapram Azone, and vegetative oil Hasten on its bioactivity.
The results of the repeated field experiments showed that the herbicidal activity of glufosinate was faster than that of glyphosate and slower than that of paraquat. Glufosinate at 400 g a.i./ha was effective on Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus retrqflexus, Eclipta prostrata, and Potentilla chinensis, at 800 g a.i./ha on Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Abutilon theophrasti, but not on Chenopodium album and Sedges.
According to the Additive Dosage Model, glufosinate plus quizalofop-methyl over a range of 53.3~3.3:1 ratios was significantly synergic to E. crus-galli. The best ratio was 9.99:1. The phytotoxicity at this ratio was as 1.45 times as the expected. The mixtures of the two herbicides over a range of 26.6~3.3:1 was synergic to A. retrqflexus. The interaction of the mixture of glufosinate plus MCPA on E. crus-galli depended on the ratios of the two herbicides. It gave synergic effect on the weed at the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1 and antagonistic effect at the ratios of 1:2,1:4 and 1:8. These two herbicides trended to provide additive effect on A. retrqflexus.
Added ammonium sulfate, laurocapram and the vegetative oil could enhance the phytotoxicity of glufosinate to E. crus-galli and A. retrqflexus. However, the extent of the increase in the toxicity depended on the kind of adjuvant and the amount added. Glufosinate had the highest phytotoxicity when ammonium sulfate was added at the rate of 0.2% among three added rates of 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. Toxicities to E. crus-galli and A. retrqflexus increased by 0.73 and 1.57 times, respectively. The amount of added laurocapram was negatively correlated with the phytotoxicity of glufosinate over a range of 0.5-2.0%. Added laurocapram of 0.5% increased in the toxicity to both weed species by 0.95 times. The amount of added the vegetative oil, however, was positively correlated with phytotoxicity of glufosinate over a range of 0.5~2.0%. Added the vegetative oil of 2.0% increased in toxicities to E. crus-galli and A. retrqflexus by 0.28 and 1.52 times, respectively. The order of enhancing toxicity of
glufosinate to E. crus-galli was laurocapram > ammonium sulfate > the vegetative oil, to A. retroflexus, ammonium sulfate>the vegetative oil > laurocapram.
引文
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