链霉菌Men-myco-93-63抗生素的提取纯化及生防制剂的研究
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摘要
链霉菌Men-myco-93-63是从马铃薯疮痂病自然衰退土壤中分离出的一种对多种植物病原菌有抑制作用的生防链霉菌。本文的主要目的是对该菌株产生的抗生素进行分离纯化,确定其结构,建立抗生素中试提取工艺及开发出合理的生物农药剂型
     首先采用了以棉花黄萎病菌,马铃薯疮痂病菌为指示菌的平皿筛选模型,对发酵液中的活性成分进行筛选。发酵液经无机沉淀剂预处理,选用HZ803吸附树脂吸附,洗脱液经等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取获得抗生素粗品。对获得的抗生素粗品以240 nm为检测波长,利用Nova-Pak C18(WATERS)7.8mm×300mm 6um反相柱,流速:2.0 mL/min,应用30%—80%—100%甲醇对抗生素粗品进行梯度洗脱。活性测定表明所获得的13个组分对马铃薯疮痂病菌均有有抑制作用,其中有7个组分对棉花黄萎病菌有抑制作用。在上述分析色谱的基础之上,应用制备液相以240 nm为检测波长,流速:15 mL/min,应用70%—70%—100%甲醇对抗生素粗品进行分离,得到7个峰,其中峰Ⅵ经光谱图比较与组分13同质,同时对峰Ⅵ进行制备。对收集的峰Ⅵ,又经94%甲醇等度分离收集其中的主峰(6—B)。将主峰(6—B)40℃减压浓缩,冷冻干燥获得一淡黄色油滴,经UV、MS、NMR、IR分析确定其为一分子量为390,分子式为C_(24)H_(38)O_4的脂类化合物。
     另外,建立了该菌株的抗生素中试提取工艺流程,该流程包括以下步骤:1)发酵液的预处理和固液分离:0.08%聚丙烯酰胺对发酵液进行絮凝预处理,4000 rpm,离心20 min后过滤,将滤液pH调节到4。2)浓缩提取:发酵滤液经80℃减压浓缩,经甲醇溶解过滤,去除沉淀。3)粗品获得:甲醇溶解液中滴加10%乙醇,去除沉淀,滤液40℃减压浓缩获得抗生素粗品。并以获得的抗生素粗品为原药,制做了两种生防制剂—乳油和聚醋酸乙烯酯(白乳胶)颗粒剂。乳油制剂经室内平皿试验,证明对棉花黄萎病表现明显的抑制作用,其1000倍稀释液对蔬菜根结线虫拥有明显的杀伤作用,对根结线虫的24h后校正死亡率为30.3%。聚醋酸乙烯酯(白乳胶)颗粒剂经室内试验对蔬菜根结线虫拥有明显的杀伤作用,其对24h后蔬菜根结线虫的校正死亡率为41.9%。
Streptomyces Strain Men-myco-93-63 is a biological agent isolated from potato scab disease declined soil, which has evident antagonistic aginst many plant pathogens. The objectives of this study are to isolate and purify the antibiotic produced by the biological agent, and use the crude antibiotic to make a biological formulation.
    At first a primary antibiotic screening model using Verticillium dahliae, and Streptomyces scabies as indications was established. The fermentation liquid was pretreated with inorganic flocculants, then extracted with macoreticular absorbent HZ-803 and further extracted by ethyl acetate to, finally prepare the crude antibiotic. The crude antibiotic was analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatographic conditions were as follows: column : WATERS Nova-pak C18 (7.8 mm X 300 mm 6 um), detect wave length: 240 nm, flow rate: 2.0 mL/min, mobile Phase: 30%-80%-100% methanol. The result of analysis HPLC indicated that biological agent produce 13 components against Streptomyces scabies, and 7 components against Verticillium dahliae. The crude antibiotic was further purified by preparative HPLC. The Pre-chromatographic conditions were as follows: column : WATERS Nova-pak C18 (19 mm X 300 mm 6 urn) , detect wave length : 240 nm, flow rate: 15 mL/min, mobile Phase: 70%-70%-100%
    methanol. The 7 peaks were appeared on the pre-HPLC, collecting peak VI. By the analysis of UV spectrum data between peak VI and component 13, the former is identical with the latter. At last, based on the physical and chemical properties, MS, IR and UV spectra data, the moeular-type of the bioactive component was identified as C20H38O4.
    In addition, an antibiotic isolation and extraction process for pilotscale experiment was developed. The whole process was divided into three steps: 1)Pretreatment and Solid-Liquid separation: Firstly the fermentation was pretreated with 0.08% PAM, then cenlrifeged at 4000 rpm for 20 min. After it was filtrated, the filtrate was regulated at adding acid to pH 4.0. 2) Concentration : The fermentation liquid was concentrated at 80℃ and precipitated with methanol to dissolve the extraction. 3)Gain crude antibiotic: the methanol solution was precipitated with 10% ethanol ,and the filtrate was concentrated at 40℃ to obtain the crude antibiotic was obtained. In
    
    
    the meantime two biological formulations were made -Emulsifying concentrate (EC) and Granule (G). The EC agent is not only effective aginst Verticillium dahliae and Streptomyces scabies, but also suppressive to vegetable root nematode, which can kill 30.3% of the vegetable root nematode in 24 h after application. The G agent can kill 41.9% of nematode in 24h after application.
引文
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