收益共享契约下鲜活农产品供应链协调研究
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摘要
鲜活农产品供应链是指在鲜活农产品生产、流通过程中所涉及到的生产资料供应商、生产商、分销商、零售商以及最终消费者连成一体的功能网链结构模式。农超对接是国外普遍采用的一种农产品供应链模式,而我国目前只有15%左右。因此,本文将研究收益共享契约下传统鲜活农产品供应链协调以及农超对接模式下鲜活农产品供应链协调。
首先分析了鲜活农产品供应链模式和存在问题。指出鲜活农产品的易腐易变质性和时鲜性两个重要特点,以及我国鲜活农产品供应链的两种重要模式,并探讨了鲜活农产品供应链存在着组织化程度低、各节点成员间的信息共享严重不足等问题。
接着针对一个由生产商-分销商-零售商构成的鲜活农产品三级供应链,在考虑损耗和新鲜度的影响下,通过引入库存因子,分别求出三种不同决策情形下的供应链最优期望利润的解以及收益共享契约协调下供应链成员的利润分配。结果表明:收益共享契约能有效地协调三级鲜活农产品供应链,契约参数在一定范围内可实现三方共赢,且最优期望利润随着需求价格弹性k的增加而减少。最后以数值算例说明结果的正确性。
最后,考虑了鲜活农产品在运输途中有一个短的生命周期,从而构造了新鲜度因子以及一个反映鲜活农产品数量变化的损耗比例函数,并构造了利用对数函数反映新鲜度对需求的影响。研究了时间约束下收益共享契约对一个生产商(如生产基地)和单个零售商(如超市)组成的鲜活农产品供应链的协调作用。
The fresh and live agricultural product supply chain consists of suppliers, producers, distributors, retailers, and consumers. It is fused function network model. Connecting agriculture with supermarkets is a widely used fresh and live agricultural product supply chain in foreign country, while only 15% in our country. So this paper will research the fresh agricultural supply chain coordination under both situations by revenue-sharing contracts.
This paper firstly analyzes the fresh produce status and existing problems of agricultural supply chain, pointing out the two important characteristics: perishable product and fresh and live product. There are two important models in the fresh and live agricultural product supply chain. Then, there is the low level of organization, each node in the sharing of information between members of a serious shortage of uncertainty and instability in the fresh and live agricultural product supply chain.
Then, this paper studies a three-level fresh and live agricultural product supply chain consisting of producer, distributor, and retailer. We identify the optimal expected profits of the chain under three different decision-making scenarios with the consideration of product loss, freshness and stocking factor. In addition, we analyze the coordinated profit distribution among all three chain members in accordance with revenue-sharing contracts. We obtain these findings: revenue-sharing contracts coordinate the three-level supply chain in question effectively; correctly selected contract parameters can lead a win-win result for all three parties; and the optimal expected profits decrease with the increase of demand price elasticityk . Finally, we provide a numerical example to support the findings.
Finally, this paper considers fresh and live agricultural products have a short life cycle in transition. Then we construct the freshness factor, and a number of changes reflecting the loss of fresh agricultural products, the proportion of function and logarithm function is constructed by reflecting on the needs of freshness Impact. We study a two-level fresh and live agricultural product supply chain consisting of producer, and retailer in the time constraints of a revenue sharing contract.
首先分析了鲜活农产品供应链模式和存在问题。指出鲜活农产品的易腐易变质性和时鲜性两个重要特点,以及我国鲜活农产品供应链的两种重要模式,并探讨了鲜活农产品供应链存在着组织化程度低、各节点成员间的信息共享严重不足等问题。
接着针对一个由生产商-分销商-零售商构成的鲜活农产品三级供应链,在考虑损耗和新鲜度的影响下,通过引入库存因子,分别求出三种不同决策情形下的供应链最优期望利润的解以及收益共享契约协调下供应链成员的利润分配。结果表明:收益共享契约能有效地协调三级鲜活农产品供应链,契约参数在一定范围内可实现三方共赢,且最优期望利润随着需求价格弹性k的增加而减少。最后以数值算例说明结果的正确性。
最后,考虑了鲜活农产品在运输途中有一个短的生命周期,从而构造了新鲜度因子以及一个反映鲜活农产品数量变化的损耗比例函数,并构造了利用对数函数反映新鲜度对需求的影响。研究了时间约束下收益共享契约对一个生产商(如生产基地)和单个零售商(如超市)组成的鲜活农产品供应链的协调作用。
The fresh and live agricultural product supply chain consists of suppliers, producers, distributors, retailers, and consumers. It is fused function network model. Connecting agriculture with supermarkets is a widely used fresh and live agricultural product supply chain in foreign country, while only 15% in our country. So this paper will research the fresh agricultural supply chain coordination under both situations by revenue-sharing contracts.
This paper firstly analyzes the fresh produce status and existing problems of agricultural supply chain, pointing out the two important characteristics: perishable product and fresh and live product. There are two important models in the fresh and live agricultural product supply chain. Then, there is the low level of organization, each node in the sharing of information between members of a serious shortage of uncertainty and instability in the fresh and live agricultural product supply chain.
Then, this paper studies a three-level fresh and live agricultural product supply chain consisting of producer, distributor, and retailer. We identify the optimal expected profits of the chain under three different decision-making scenarios with the consideration of product loss, freshness and stocking factor. In addition, we analyze the coordinated profit distribution among all three chain members in accordance with revenue-sharing contracts. We obtain these findings: revenue-sharing contracts coordinate the three-level supply chain in question effectively; correctly selected contract parameters can lead a win-win result for all three parties; and the optimal expected profits decrease with the increase of demand price elasticityk . Finally, we provide a numerical example to support the findings.
Finally, this paper considers fresh and live agricultural products have a short life cycle in transition. Then we construct the freshness factor, and a number of changes reflecting the loss of fresh agricultural products, the proportion of function and logarithm function is constructed by reflecting on the needs of freshness Impact. We study a two-level fresh and live agricultural product supply chain consisting of producer, and retailer in the time constraints of a revenue sharing contract.
引文
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[31]马银军,俞洋洋.重庆城乡统筹农产品物流运作模式研究[J].物流科技, 2011(1):23-25.
[32]陈菊红,郭福利,史成东.需求具有价格敏感性的供应链收益共享契约设计研究[J].中国管理科学, 2008,(3): 78-83.
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[35] Ha A, Tong S. Revenue sharing contracts in a supply chain with uncontractible actions[J]. Naval Research Logistics, 2008(55):419-431.
[36] Jaber M, Bonney M, Guiffrida A. Coordinating a three-level supply chain with learning-based continuous improvement[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2010(127):27-38.
[37] Li JL, Liu LW. Supply chain coordination with quantity discount policy[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2006(101):89-98.
[38]陈菊红,郭福利,史成东.受资源限制且带有缺货惩罚的季节性产品供应链协调[J].中国管理科学, 2010(5):59-64.
[39]肖剑,但斌,张旭梅.双渠道供应链电子渠道与零售商合作策略研究[J].系统工程学报, 2009,24(6):673-679.
[40]刘鹏飞,谢如鹤.相乘型需求下VMI供应链协调机制研究[J].系统工程学报, 2008,23(6):708-712.
[41] Munson C, Rosenblatt M. Coordinating a three-level supply chain with quantity discounts[J]. IIE Transactions, 2001,33(5):371–84.
[42] Ding D, Chen J. Coordinating a three level supply chain with flexible return policies[J]. Omega: International Journal of Management Science, 2008,36(5): 865-876.
[43]孙秀武.基于收入共享契约的供应链协调模型研究[D].中南大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[44]郭福利.基于随机需求的供应链收益共享契约设计研究[D].西安理工大学硕士学位论文, 2008.
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[48]杜少甫,杜婵,梁樑,刘天卓.考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调[J].管理科学学报, 2010(11):59-64.
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[50]张伟.供应链中的收益共享博弈与契约设计[J].科技进步与对策, 2010(21):24-26.
[2]肖勇波,陈剑,徐小林.到岸价格商务模式下涉及远距离运输的时鲜产品供应链协调[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2008,28(2):19-25.
[3]新华网. 2010年中央1号文件[Z]. http://news. xinhuanet. com/politics/2010-01/31/content_ 12907829. htm, 2009.12.31.
[4]商务部,农业部.商务部,农业部关于全面推进农超对接工作的指导意见.国际商报, 2010(3).
[5]杨金海.农产品供应链协调机制问题研究[D].湖南农业大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[6]袁天恩.两级供应链协调问题研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[7] Ilaria G, Pierpaolo P. Supply chain coordination by revenue sharing contracts[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2004,89(2):131-139.
[8] Cai X Q, Chen J, Xiao Y B, et al. Coordination of Manufacturer and Distributor in A Fresh Product Supply Chain With Uncertain Transportation Delays[R]. Working Paper, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2005.
[9]但斌,陈军.基于价值损耗的生鲜农产品供应链协调[J].中国管理科学, 2008,16(5):42-49.
[10] ]陈军,但斌.基于实体损耗控制的生鲜农产品供应链协调[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2009,29(3):54-62.
[11]张春勋,刘伟,赖景生.基于GNBS和正式固定价格契约的农产品供应链关系契约模型[J].中国管理科学, 2009,17(2):93-101.
[12] ]赵霞,吴方卫.随机产出与需求下农产品供应链协调的收益共享合同研究[J].中国管理科学, 2009,17(5):88-95.
[13]郑田甜.基于期权的农产品供应链协调研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文, 2008.
[14]贺晓伟,赵庆祯.基于期权的农产品供应链模式分析[J].物流科技, 2011(1):75-78.
[15] ]陈军.考虑流通损耗控制的生鲜农产品供应链订货策略及供需协调研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文, 2009.
[16]廖丽,吴耀华,孙国华.基于公平心理偏好的农产品价格补贴契约[J].山东大学学报(工学版), 2010(6):24-31.
[17]文晓魏.变质商品供应链库存策略研究[D].东南大学博士学位论文, 2006.
[18]刘雪梅,李照男.农产品供应链风险研究[J].农业经济,2011(1):47-48.
[19]王芳.超市生鲜食品动态定价策略研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文, 2006.
[20]张建军.短销售周期供应链协调问题及其博弈分析[D].同济大学博士学位论文, 2008.
[21]秦娟娟.基于博弈论的供应链协调机制研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[22]田巍.基于供应链契约的供应链博弈与协调研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文, 2007.
[23]卢亚杰.我国超市优质生鲜蔬菜动态定价问题研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文, 2010.
[24] ]王丽娟.易腐农产品供应链中博弈分析[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文, 2008.
[25]杨志宏,翟印礼.超市农产品供应链流通成本分析[J].农业经济问题, 2011(2):73-78.
[26]刘永悦,姜法竹.大宗农产品供应链协调问题分析[J].物流科技, 2009(12):75-76.
[27]于志华.国内外农产品物流研究综述[J].现代物流, 2010(12):51-53.
[28]杨春,但斌,吴庆,张旭梅.考虑保鲜努力的生鲜农产品零售商与物流服务商的协调合同[J].技术经济, 2010(12):122-126.
[29]林礼金.我国农产品供应链的协调机制研究[J].宜春学院学报, 2010(10):37-41.
[30]马银军,王伟娜.重庆城乡统筹背景下农产品物流制约因素分析[J].重庆交通大学学报, 2010(6):26-28.
[31]马银军,俞洋洋.重庆城乡统筹农产品物流运作模式研究[J].物流科技, 2011(1):23-25.
[32]陈菊红,郭福利,史成东.需求具有价格敏感性的供应链收益共享契约设计研究[J].中国管理科学, 2008,(3): 78-83.
[33]王勇,裴勇.需求具有价格敏感性的供应链的利益共享合约[J].中国管理科学, 2005,(6):29-33.
[34] Ouardighi F, Kim B. Supply quality management with wholesale price and revenue-sharing contracts under horizontal competition[J]. European Journal of Operational Research , 2010(206): 329–340.
[35] Ha A, Tong S. Revenue sharing contracts in a supply chain with uncontractible actions[J]. Naval Research Logistics, 2008(55):419-431.
[36] Jaber M, Bonney M, Guiffrida A. Coordinating a three-level supply chain with learning-based continuous improvement[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2010(127):27-38.
[37] Li JL, Liu LW. Supply chain coordination with quantity discount policy[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2006(101):89-98.
[38]陈菊红,郭福利,史成东.受资源限制且带有缺货惩罚的季节性产品供应链协调[J].中国管理科学, 2010(5):59-64.
[39]肖剑,但斌,张旭梅.双渠道供应链电子渠道与零售商合作策略研究[J].系统工程学报, 2009,24(6):673-679.
[40]刘鹏飞,谢如鹤.相乘型需求下VMI供应链协调机制研究[J].系统工程学报, 2008,23(6):708-712.
[41] Munson C, Rosenblatt M. Coordinating a three-level supply chain with quantity discounts[J]. IIE Transactions, 2001,33(5):371–84.
[42] Ding D, Chen J. Coordinating a three level supply chain with flexible return policies[J]. Omega: International Journal of Management Science, 2008,36(5): 865-876.
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