紫金山栓皮栎林水源涵养功能研究
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摘要
本文对紫金山栓皮栎林样地土壤理化性质、枯落物和土壤水源涵养功能进行动态观测,并同下蜀栓皮栎林对比分析,研究结果表明:
(1)试验地栓皮栎林土壤容重从上到下逐层递增,土壤总孔隙度逐层递减;土壤各层次pH变化很小,均强酸性;土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量逐层递减。
(2)五个主要森林植被类型样地林下枯落物现存量在15.9~29.9t/hm2,大小依次为:紫金山栓皮栎林>落叶阔叶林>火炬松林>常绿阔叶林>毛竹林;紫金山栓皮栎林与下蜀栓皮栎林的枯落物半分解现存量均大于未分解层现存量。
(3)四个林分枯落物最大持水率依次为:竹林>紫金山栓皮栎林>火炬松林>下蜀栓皮栎林;最大拦蓄率与有效拦蓄率皆为:火炬松林>紫金山栎林>竹林>下蜀栎林;有效拦蓄量为紫金山栓皮栎林>火炬松林>竹林>下蜀栓皮栎林。
(4)四个植被类型枯落物未分解层、半分解层持水量与浸水时间之间存在对数关系式:W=AIn(t)+B;各植被类型枯落物吸水速率与浸水时间之间呈幂函数关系。
(5)降雨和降雪导致紫金山栓皮栎林枯落物平均自然含水率形成两个波峰,且相对滞后于降雨量峰值;降水量与栓皮栎林枯落物平均自然含水率呈线性相关:y=1.9092x-19.765,R2= 0.7911。
(6)紫金山栓皮栎林土壤各层最大贮水深在51.12~114.63 t/hm2,有效贮水力之和只有56.69mm,10~30cm层的有效贮水力最大,为15.66mm。
(7)在与前次降水间隔时间十一天条件下,各层土壤含水率日波动极小;年内降水条件,对表层土壤含水率影响大,导致0~10cm层土壤含水率呈双峰型和10~30cm层土壤含水率则呈U型;30~50cm层土壤含水率比相邻层低近2%;50~70cm层和70~100cm层土壤含水率维持在23%~27%,几乎不受降水影响。
In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of soil, litter and soil water conservation of Purple Mountain Quercus forest are dynamically observed, the comparative analyses with the Quercus forests of Xiashu are made. The results show that:
(1)The bulk density of Quercus forest soil increased from top to bottom layer; soil total porosity decrease layer by layer; soil pH almost the same in all levels, are strongly acidic; Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus decreased layer by layer from top to bottom.
(2) Standing crop of litter of the five major types of forest vegetation plots are 15.9~29.9t/hm2, in the order: Purple Mountain Quercus forest>Deciduous broad-leaved forest>Torch pine forest>Evergreen broad-leaved forest>Bamboo forest; The standing crop of semi-decomposed litter is more than the standing crop of non-decomposed litter, in Purple Mountain and Xiashu.
(3)The maximum water holding of four litter falls are as follows: Bamboo> Purple Mountain Quercus forests>Torch pine> Quercus forests of Xiashu; the maximum storing rate and effective rate are all in the order: Torch pine> Purple Mountain Quercus forest>Bamboo>Xiashu Quercus forest; the effective water volume is Purple Mountain Quercus forest>Torch pine>Bamboo>Xiashu Quercus forest.
(4)The relationship between the water-holding volume of the non-decomposed and semi-decomposed layer and the immersing time of four vegetation types is W=Aln(t)+B; the relationship of water absorption rate and the soaking time of litter of the vegetation types are the powerful function.
(5)Rainfall and snowfall caused that average of natural water content with Purple Mountain Quercus forest litter showed two peaks, and lagged behind the peak of rainfall, they showed a linear correlation as y=1.9092x-19.765 and the correlation coefficient was 0.7911.
(6)The maximum water depth of soil layers was the 51.12~114.63 t/hm2,sum of available water only 56.69mm,and the effective water storage capacity of 10~30cm layer is the largest,15.66mm.
(7)Under the conditions of interval with the previous 11 days precipitation, soil moisture levels are on small fluctuations; During the year, precipitation conditions have a strong affection on the surface soil moisture, leading to the 0~10cm layer of soil water content was bimodal,10~30cm layer is presented U,30~50cm layer lower than the adjacent layer nearly 2%,50~70cm layer and 70~100cm layer soil moisture maintained at 23%~27%,almost unaffected.
(1)试验地栓皮栎林土壤容重从上到下逐层递增,土壤总孔隙度逐层递减;土壤各层次pH变化很小,均强酸性;土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量逐层递减。
(2)五个主要森林植被类型样地林下枯落物现存量在15.9~29.9t/hm2,大小依次为:紫金山栓皮栎林>落叶阔叶林>火炬松林>常绿阔叶林>毛竹林;紫金山栓皮栎林与下蜀栓皮栎林的枯落物半分解现存量均大于未分解层现存量。
(3)四个林分枯落物最大持水率依次为:竹林>紫金山栓皮栎林>火炬松林>下蜀栓皮栎林;最大拦蓄率与有效拦蓄率皆为:火炬松林>紫金山栎林>竹林>下蜀栎林;有效拦蓄量为紫金山栓皮栎林>火炬松林>竹林>下蜀栓皮栎林。
(4)四个植被类型枯落物未分解层、半分解层持水量与浸水时间之间存在对数关系式:W=AIn(t)+B;各植被类型枯落物吸水速率与浸水时间之间呈幂函数关系。
(5)降雨和降雪导致紫金山栓皮栎林枯落物平均自然含水率形成两个波峰,且相对滞后于降雨量峰值;降水量与栓皮栎林枯落物平均自然含水率呈线性相关:y=1.9092x-19.765,R2= 0.7911。
(6)紫金山栓皮栎林土壤各层最大贮水深在51.12~114.63 t/hm2,有效贮水力之和只有56.69mm,10~30cm层的有效贮水力最大,为15.66mm。
(7)在与前次降水间隔时间十一天条件下,各层土壤含水率日波动极小;年内降水条件,对表层土壤含水率影响大,导致0~10cm层土壤含水率呈双峰型和10~30cm层土壤含水率则呈U型;30~50cm层土壤含水率比相邻层低近2%;50~70cm层和70~100cm层土壤含水率维持在23%~27%,几乎不受降水影响。
In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of soil, litter and soil water conservation of Purple Mountain Quercus forest are dynamically observed, the comparative analyses with the Quercus forests of Xiashu are made. The results show that:
(1)The bulk density of Quercus forest soil increased from top to bottom layer; soil total porosity decrease layer by layer; soil pH almost the same in all levels, are strongly acidic; Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus decreased layer by layer from top to bottom.
(2) Standing crop of litter of the five major types of forest vegetation plots are 15.9~29.9t/hm2, in the order: Purple Mountain Quercus forest>Deciduous broad-leaved forest>Torch pine forest>Evergreen broad-leaved forest>Bamboo forest; The standing crop of semi-decomposed litter is more than the standing crop of non-decomposed litter, in Purple Mountain and Xiashu.
(3)The maximum water holding of four litter falls are as follows: Bamboo> Purple Mountain Quercus forests>Torch pine> Quercus forests of Xiashu; the maximum storing rate and effective rate are all in the order: Torch pine> Purple Mountain Quercus forest>Bamboo>Xiashu Quercus forest; the effective water volume is Purple Mountain Quercus forest>Torch pine>Bamboo>Xiashu Quercus forest.
(4)The relationship between the water-holding volume of the non-decomposed and semi-decomposed layer and the immersing time of four vegetation types is W=Aln(t)+B; the relationship of water absorption rate and the soaking time of litter of the vegetation types are the powerful function.
(5)Rainfall and snowfall caused that average of natural water content with Purple Mountain Quercus forest litter showed two peaks, and lagged behind the peak of rainfall, they showed a linear correlation as y=1.9092x-19.765 and the correlation coefficient was 0.7911.
(6)The maximum water depth of soil layers was the 51.12~114.63 t/hm2,sum of available water only 56.69mm,and the effective water storage capacity of 10~30cm layer is the largest,15.66mm.
(7)Under the conditions of interval with the previous 11 days precipitation, soil moisture levels are on small fluctuations; During the year, precipitation conditions have a strong affection on the surface soil moisture, leading to the 0~10cm layer of soil water content was bimodal,10~30cm layer is presented U,30~50cm layer lower than the adjacent layer nearly 2%,50~70cm layer and 70~100cm layer soil moisture maintained at 23%~27%,almost unaffected.
引文
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