昆钢6~#高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型的开发
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摘要
高炉长寿、高效、低耗是国内外钢铁企业不懈追求的目标。随着现代高炉向炉容大型化、生产高效化方向不断发展,高炉长寿的重要性日益显现。高炉炉衬侵蚀监测是钢铁工业现代化的重要组成部分,对于生产安全和生产效率有着重要的意义。
本文从企业实际需求入手,综述了高炉长寿的状况和炉缸炉底的侵蚀机理,并对国内外的侵蚀模型进行了分析。在此基础上,论述了本课题的必要性、重要性和可行性。
针对昆钢6~#高炉(2000m~3)炉缸炉底的情况,从传热学的角度出发,开发了对炉缸炉底侵蚀状况进行监测的二维数学模型。通过对模型的计算,得到了炉缸炉底的温度场分布。从计算所得到的侵蚀图来看,1150℃侵蚀线位于第五层碳砖的位置,无明显的“象脚状”侵蚀,6~#高炉炉缸炉底的侵蚀状况基本正常。
探求了炉缸炉底侵蚀的原因,认为K、Na、Zn、Pb等有害元素是高炉受到侵蚀的主要原因,这为采取措施延长高炉寿命提供了有益的依据。
根据炉缸炉底侵蚀的原因,揭示了含钛物料护炉的机理,提出了实现昆钢高炉长寿的技术措施,指出在炉龄晚期,进行钛矿护炉是延长高炉使用寿命的重要手段。此后作者根据所做的工作,提出了利于侵蚀监测的热电偶的优化布置方案,为高炉长寿提供技术支持。
The longevity, high efficiency and low consumption of blast furnace are important targets pursued by the iron and steel enterprises all over the world . With the development of big modern blast furnace and high efficiency production , the blast furnace longevity is of great importance. The monitoring of wear-line in blast furnace is of great significance in modern industry .which is of benefits to manufacture safety and economic efficiency.
In this paper, starting with actual application of the enterpriser , the state of blast furnace(BF) campaign life and the erosion mechanism of BF hearth and bottom are expounded. And at the same time, the previous methods for predicting BF hearth and bottom erosion are also analysed.Then, discussing the necessity, importance and feasible nature of this subject.
According to condition of hearth and bottom of No. 6 BF(2000m~3 ) at Kunming Iron & Steel Groud a two-dimensional mathematical model monitoring the erosion of blast furnace hearth and bottom was developed using the theory of heat transfer.The temperature field of hearth and bottom was obtained. The calculated erosion graph indicates that erosion line at 1150°C is located in the fifth layer of carbon-brick and there is not big shape of "elephant foot" .This kind of erosion is quite normal.
Reasons for the erosion of the hearth and bottom was analyzed. auther believes the synthetic erosion of harmful elements such as kalium , natrium,zinc and lead is the main factor which leads to the erosion of hearth and bottom. This provides good basis prolonging the life of the BF.
According to the reasons for erosion of hearth and bottom, The mechanism of lining protection with TiO_2 was further revealed , the technical measures which make the blast furnace high efficiency and long compaign were put forward .During the late campaign, lining protection with TiO_2 is the important means of prolonging furnace life .Also the optimum arangement of thermal couples in hearth and bottom is suggested based on previous work, which is technical supporting for prolonging the life of the BF.
本文从企业实际需求入手,综述了高炉长寿的状况和炉缸炉底的侵蚀机理,并对国内外的侵蚀模型进行了分析。在此基础上,论述了本课题的必要性、重要性和可行性。
针对昆钢6~#高炉(2000m~3)炉缸炉底的情况,从传热学的角度出发,开发了对炉缸炉底侵蚀状况进行监测的二维数学模型。通过对模型的计算,得到了炉缸炉底的温度场分布。从计算所得到的侵蚀图来看,1150℃侵蚀线位于第五层碳砖的位置,无明显的“象脚状”侵蚀,6~#高炉炉缸炉底的侵蚀状况基本正常。
探求了炉缸炉底侵蚀的原因,认为K、Na、Zn、Pb等有害元素是高炉受到侵蚀的主要原因,这为采取措施延长高炉寿命提供了有益的依据。
根据炉缸炉底侵蚀的原因,揭示了含钛物料护炉的机理,提出了实现昆钢高炉长寿的技术措施,指出在炉龄晚期,进行钛矿护炉是延长高炉使用寿命的重要手段。此后作者根据所做的工作,提出了利于侵蚀监测的热电偶的优化布置方案,为高炉长寿提供技术支持。
The longevity, high efficiency and low consumption of blast furnace are important targets pursued by the iron and steel enterprises all over the world . With the development of big modern blast furnace and high efficiency production , the blast furnace longevity is of great importance. The monitoring of wear-line in blast furnace is of great significance in modern industry .which is of benefits to manufacture safety and economic efficiency.
In this paper, starting with actual application of the enterpriser , the state of blast furnace(BF) campaign life and the erosion mechanism of BF hearth and bottom are expounded. And at the same time, the previous methods for predicting BF hearth and bottom erosion are also analysed.Then, discussing the necessity, importance and feasible nature of this subject.
According to condition of hearth and bottom of No. 6 BF(2000m~3 ) at Kunming Iron & Steel Groud a two-dimensional mathematical model monitoring the erosion of blast furnace hearth and bottom was developed using the theory of heat transfer.The temperature field of hearth and bottom was obtained. The calculated erosion graph indicates that erosion line at 1150°C is located in the fifth layer of carbon-brick and there is not big shape of "elephant foot" .This kind of erosion is quite normal.
Reasons for the erosion of the hearth and bottom was analyzed. auther believes the synthetic erosion of harmful elements such as kalium , natrium,zinc and lead is the main factor which leads to the erosion of hearth and bottom. This provides good basis prolonging the life of the BF.
According to the reasons for erosion of hearth and bottom, The mechanism of lining protection with TiO_2 was further revealed , the technical measures which make the blast furnace high efficiency and long compaign were put forward .During the late campaign, lining protection with TiO_2 is the important means of prolonging furnace life .Also the optimum arangement of thermal couples in hearth and bottom is suggested based on previous work, which is technical supporting for prolonging the life of the BF.
引文
[1]徐矩良.2006年我国炼铁技术经济指标简评[J].炼铁,2007,26(2):1-3.
[2]王维兴、黄洁.中国高炉炼铁技术发展评述[J].钢铁,2007,42(3):1-3.
[3]唐勇、苍大强、唐刚等.宝钢三号高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型预测数值模拟[J].辽宁工学院学报.1999,37(12):5-8.
[4]聂宝义、车玉满、俞爱国.鞍钢11号高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型的开发与应用[J].炼铁,2005,24(4):9-12.
[5]杜洪缙.高炉长寿综合技术分析[J].世界钢铁,2004,26(2):54-57.
[6]Gupta,S.French,D.Sakurovs.Minerals and iron-making reactions in blast furnaces[J].Progress in Energy & Combustion Science.2008,34(2):155-197.
[7]李长荣.影响高炉寿命因素浅析[J].马钢职工大学学报,2001,11(3):2931.
[8]张福明、党玉华.我国大型高炉长寿技术发展现状[J].2004,39(10):76-78.
[9]郭可中、李肇毅.宝钢高炉长寿的基本思路[J].钢铁,2000,35(8):6-10.
[10]金觉生.宝钢高炉长寿新技术的开发与应用[J].炼铁,2005,24(1):1-5.
[11]程树森、杨天钧、左海滨.长寿高炉炉缸和炉底温度场数学模拟及数值模拟[J].钢铁研究学报,2004,16(1):6-9.
[12]Gritsishin.K,Mudron.Ya.the refractory lining of blast furnaces and modernization of their cooling system.Metallurgist,2006,50(7):351-360.
[13]赵志群.炉况维护与高炉长寿[J].包头钢铁学院学报,1999,18(增)300-301.
[14]李晓清.宝钢1号高炉炉缸的安全及长寿管理.炼铁,2005,24(1):32-34.
[15]Kurunov,I.F.Loginov,V.N.Tikhonov,etc.Methods of extending the campaign of a blast furnace.Metallurgist.2007,51(1):7-15.
[16]向宏宇、赵新国.高炉炉底炉缸内衬材料的选择.炼铁,2004,23(增):55-56.
[17]张福明.热庄炭砖—陶瓷杯技术在首钢1号高炉上的应用[J].炼铁,1996,(15):12-15.
[18]张建来.高炉炉缸陶瓷杯内衬结构[J].炼铁,1993,3:37-39.
[19]Scott Robertson.Two ways to add lining life:slag splashing and better brick.New Steel,1994,5:42-45.
[20]John Salak.New lining for furnaces developed.American Metal Market 1985,3:6-10.
[21]冯华堂.长寿高炉炉缸的设计[J].江苏冶金,2005,33(1):37-40.
[22]赵宏博、程树森、赵民革.高炉炉缸炉底合理结构研究[J].钢铁,2006,41(9),18-22.
[23]陈文.高炉用半石墨质低气孔率自焙碳块的开发应用[J].1997,32(1):17-21.
[24]郝运中、郝青.高炉炉底炉缸内衬的国产化选材及结构[J].炼铁,2005,24(5):39-42.
[25]J.Salgado,C.Oliveira,A.Moutinho.Control of refractory lining wear by using radioisotopes.International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation.1988,39(12):1265-1267.
[26]Silva.S.N.,Vernilli.F.,Justus.S.M.Wear mechanism for blast furnace hearth refractory lining.Ironmaking & Steelmaking 2005,32(6):459-467.
[27]V.Petkov、P.T.Jones、E.Boydens.Chemical corrosion mechanisms of magnesia-chromite and chrome-free refractory bricks by copper metal and anode slag.Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2007,27(6):2433-2444.
[28]程坤明.影响高炉炉底炉缸炭砖使用寿命的因素[J].炼铁,2006,25(1):11-15.
[29]陈亮、刘宏娟.高炉长寿必须解决的几个问题.世界钢铁,2001(3):12-14.
[30]苏金明、张莲花、刘波等.MATLAB工具箱的应用[M].电子工业出版社.2004:278-354.
[31]Gruber.D.,Andreev.K.,Harmuth.H.FEM simulation of the thermomechanical behaviour of the refractory lining of a blast furnace.Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2004,155:1539-1543.
[32]Deshpande、Rohit、Chaubal.Numerical analysis of blast furnace hearth inner profile by using heat transfer model for different time periods.Heat & Mass Transfer,2008,51(51):186-197.
[33]Chaika.A.L.,Sushchev.S.P,Suslonov.A.A,New methods for monitoring the technical state of blast furnace enclosure without stopping the technological process.Refractories & Industrial Ceramics 2007,48(3):178-182。
[34]李家新、苏宇、唐成润.高炉炉底侵蚀状况动态监测模型的开发[J].炼铁,2001,20(4):28-30.
[35]吴俐俊、程惠尔、宋灿阳.在线预测高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型的研究方法[J].钢铁,2002,37(12):5-7.
[36]刘薇、赵志纯、李文忠等.高炉炉底侵蚀监测的数学模型[J].钢铁,1996,31(10):51-54.
[37]杜钢、陈亮.用神经网络方法诊断高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀界面[J].钢铁,1999,34(增):255-257.
[38]苏立江.昆钢6号高炉工艺技术装备的特点[J].炼铁,2002,21(增):2-7.
[39]贺压柱、仇友金、栗玉川等.昆钢六号高炉强化冶炼实践.昆钢科技,2006,8:6-8.
[40]杨雪峰、王涛、李江华.昆钢六号高炉有害元素调查分析[J].云南冶金,2006,35(4):63-66.
[41]高勇、李信平.昆钢六号高炉低铁高灰条件下的强化冶炼实践[J].昆钢科技,2006,8:14-17.
[2]王维兴、黄洁.中国高炉炼铁技术发展评述[J].钢铁,2007,42(3):1-3.
[3]唐勇、苍大强、唐刚等.宝钢三号高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型预测数值模拟[J].辽宁工学院学报.1999,37(12):5-8.
[4]聂宝义、车玉满、俞爱国.鞍钢11号高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型的开发与应用[J].炼铁,2005,24(4):9-12.
[5]杜洪缙.高炉长寿综合技术分析[J].世界钢铁,2004,26(2):54-57.
[6]Gupta,S.French,D.Sakurovs.Minerals and iron-making reactions in blast furnaces[J].Progress in Energy & Combustion Science.2008,34(2):155-197.
[7]李长荣.影响高炉寿命因素浅析[J].马钢职工大学学报,2001,11(3):2931.
[8]张福明、党玉华.我国大型高炉长寿技术发展现状[J].2004,39(10):76-78.
[9]郭可中、李肇毅.宝钢高炉长寿的基本思路[J].钢铁,2000,35(8):6-10.
[10]金觉生.宝钢高炉长寿新技术的开发与应用[J].炼铁,2005,24(1):1-5.
[11]程树森、杨天钧、左海滨.长寿高炉炉缸和炉底温度场数学模拟及数值模拟[J].钢铁研究学报,2004,16(1):6-9.
[12]Gritsishin.K,Mudron.Ya.the refractory lining of blast furnaces and modernization of their cooling system.Metallurgist,2006,50(7):351-360.
[13]赵志群.炉况维护与高炉长寿[J].包头钢铁学院学报,1999,18(增)300-301.
[14]李晓清.宝钢1号高炉炉缸的安全及长寿管理.炼铁,2005,24(1):32-34.
[15]Kurunov,I.F.Loginov,V.N.Tikhonov,etc.Methods of extending the campaign of a blast furnace.Metallurgist.2007,51(1):7-15.
[16]向宏宇、赵新国.高炉炉底炉缸内衬材料的选择.炼铁,2004,23(增):55-56.
[17]张福明.热庄炭砖—陶瓷杯技术在首钢1号高炉上的应用[J].炼铁,1996,(15):12-15.
[18]张建来.高炉炉缸陶瓷杯内衬结构[J].炼铁,1993,3:37-39.
[19]Scott Robertson.Two ways to add lining life:slag splashing and better brick.New Steel,1994,5:42-45.
[20]John Salak.New lining for furnaces developed.American Metal Market 1985,3:6-10.
[21]冯华堂.长寿高炉炉缸的设计[J].江苏冶金,2005,33(1):37-40.
[22]赵宏博、程树森、赵民革.高炉炉缸炉底合理结构研究[J].钢铁,2006,41(9),18-22.
[23]陈文.高炉用半石墨质低气孔率自焙碳块的开发应用[J].1997,32(1):17-21.
[24]郝运中、郝青.高炉炉底炉缸内衬的国产化选材及结构[J].炼铁,2005,24(5):39-42.
[25]J.Salgado,C.Oliveira,A.Moutinho.Control of refractory lining wear by using radioisotopes.International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation.1988,39(12):1265-1267.
[26]Silva.S.N.,Vernilli.F.,Justus.S.M.Wear mechanism for blast furnace hearth refractory lining.Ironmaking & Steelmaking 2005,32(6):459-467.
[27]V.Petkov、P.T.Jones、E.Boydens.Chemical corrosion mechanisms of magnesia-chromite and chrome-free refractory bricks by copper metal and anode slag.Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2007,27(6):2433-2444.
[28]程坤明.影响高炉炉底炉缸炭砖使用寿命的因素[J].炼铁,2006,25(1):11-15.
[29]陈亮、刘宏娟.高炉长寿必须解决的几个问题.世界钢铁,2001(3):12-14.
[30]苏金明、张莲花、刘波等.MATLAB工具箱的应用[M].电子工业出版社.2004:278-354.
[31]Gruber.D.,Andreev.K.,Harmuth.H.FEM simulation of the thermomechanical behaviour of the refractory lining of a blast furnace.Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2004,155:1539-1543.
[32]Deshpande、Rohit、Chaubal.Numerical analysis of blast furnace hearth inner profile by using heat transfer model for different time periods.Heat & Mass Transfer,2008,51(51):186-197.
[33]Chaika.A.L.,Sushchev.S.P,Suslonov.A.A,New methods for monitoring the technical state of blast furnace enclosure without stopping the technological process.Refractories & Industrial Ceramics 2007,48(3):178-182。
[34]李家新、苏宇、唐成润.高炉炉底侵蚀状况动态监测模型的开发[J].炼铁,2001,20(4):28-30.
[35]吴俐俊、程惠尔、宋灿阳.在线预测高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型的研究方法[J].钢铁,2002,37(12):5-7.
[36]刘薇、赵志纯、李文忠等.高炉炉底侵蚀监测的数学模型[J].钢铁,1996,31(10):51-54.
[37]杜钢、陈亮.用神经网络方法诊断高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀界面[J].钢铁,1999,34(增):255-257.
[38]苏立江.昆钢6号高炉工艺技术装备的特点[J].炼铁,2002,21(增):2-7.
[39]贺压柱、仇友金、栗玉川等.昆钢六号高炉强化冶炼实践.昆钢科技,2006,8:6-8.
[40]杨雪峰、王涛、李江华.昆钢六号高炉有害元素调查分析[J].云南冶金,2006,35(4):63-66.
[41]高勇、李信平.昆钢六号高炉低铁高灰条件下的强化冶炼实践[J].昆钢科技,2006,8:14-17.