内蒙古白绒山羊适宜代谢葡萄糖水平的评定
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摘要
本研究采用体内法实测了三种绒山羊日粮的代谢葡萄糖(MG)值，在此基础上，利用饲养试验、消化代谢试验和屠宰试验等研究手段评定生长绒山羊适宜的代谢葡萄糖水平。
1 试验日粮MG水平的测定
1．1日粮ME值的测定
本试验采用体外法测定了试验日粮的ME值。结果表明，试验日粮的ME值处于相同水平。
1．2试验日粮丙酸产量及丙酸吸收率的研究
选取9只体况良好，体重21-27Kg安装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊，采用单因子随机设计，利用连续灌注丙酸的方法，研究了试验日粮在瘤胃内的丙酸产量和丙酸吸收率。研究结果表明，试验日粮的丙酸产生量分别为172.25mmol／d、193.12mmol／d和301.39mmol／d，丙酸吸收率分别为49.81％、54.86％和69.03％。由瘤胃发酵产生的丙酸转化的葡萄糖分别为7.70、9.54和18.72g／d。随日粮MG水平的提高，瘤胃丙酸产量增加，且丙酸的吸收率也增加。
1．3试验日粮过瘤胃淀粉量及过瘤胃淀粉小肠消化率的研究
选取9只体况良好，体重21-27Kg安装有瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠近端瘘管和回肠末端瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊，采用单因子随机设计，研究了试验日粮的过瘤胃淀粉量及过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率。结果表明，试验日粮的过瘤胃淀粉量分别为56.64，71.93和91.42g／d，过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率分别为51.73％、61.18％和63.10％，由过瘤胃淀粉提供的葡萄糖分别为26.38、39.74和51.92g／d。随日粮MG水平的提高，日粮过瘤胃淀粉量增加，过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率亦提高。
1．4试验日粮MG值的测定
根据试验二和试验三的试验结果，测得试验日粮的MG水平分别为45.95g／Kg、67.97g／Kg和84.30g／Kg，三组试验羊每天每头采食的MG值分别为34.08g、49.28g和70.64g。初步结果表明用单一饲料的MG值进行日粮配合具有一定的可行性，但需要考虑饲料间的组合效应。
2 生长绒山羊适宜代谢葡萄糖需要量的评定
2．1不同日粮MG水平对绒山羊消化代谢性能影响的研究
选用9只内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊，采用单因子随机区组试验设计，研究日
内蒙古自经山羊适宜代激葡萄糖水平的评定
粮MG水平对绒山羊消化代谢性能的影响。研究结果表明，随口粮MG水平
的增加，日粮＊M、OM的全消化道涓化率随之增加（P＞o．05人 而＊＊F、
AD F的全肠道消化率随之下降（P＞0刀5人 对日粮氮的消化率没有影响，但
提高了可消化氮的利用率及体内N的沉积量（P＞o刀5）；日粮总能的消化率
有降低的趋势（P＞o．05），但各组间摄入的＊E没有差异（P＞o．05）。增加
日粮＊G水平降低血浆中非脂化脂肪酸（＊＊FA）和尿素氮的含量（P＞o．05），
增加血糖的浓度（P＞O．05人
2．2不同日粮MG水平对绒山羊增重性能影响的研究
选取18只年龄、体重相近的内蒙古自绒山羊妈羊，随机分为三组，每
组6只，分别饲喂试验日粮，进行为期对天的饲养试验。结果表明，随日
粮＊G水平的增加，绒山羊的日增重显著提高（P＜0刀5），饲料转化效率提
高（P＞o．05）。
2．3不同日粮MG水平对绒山羊体成分及能量代谢的影响
选用21只内蒙古白绒山羊揭羊，随机分为三组。试验开始时屠宰3只，
饲养试验结束后每组再屠宰3只，测定试验期间的体成分及能量的沉积量。
结果表明，随日粮MG水平的增加，绒山羊体内蛋白质、脂肪和能量的沉积
量显著增加（P＜0．05人 但 MG为 67．979八g组和 84．309八g组间各组分沉
积量差异不显著（P＞o．05）。
综合考虑日粮各营养成分的消化率、绒山羊口增重以及机体C3＋C6能
／ME的比例等多项指标后认为，在1．2倍维持需要条件下，体重为23Kg的
生长绒山羊代谢葡萄糖的适宜水平为44．139M。
Based on determining MG values of three diets by in vivo technique, this paper mainly studied on the proper level of Metablizable Glucose (MG) in growing goats of Inner Mongolian cashmere breed . 1 Determination of MG value of three diets
1.1 Determination of ME values of the three diets
The ME values of the three diets were determined by in vitro technique. The result showed they had similar ME value.
1.2 Determination of the propionate yield and absorption rate in the rumen of the goats fed the diets by in vivo technique
Nine growing goats of Inner Mongolian Cashmere breed (21-27Kg) fitted with permanent cannulas were used to determine the propionate yields and absorption rates in the rumen of the animals fed the diets by continuously infusing propionate solution technique. The results showed that the propionate yields of three diets were 172.25mmol/d, 193.12mmol/d and 301.39mmol/d, respectively; the corresponding absorption rates of propionate in the rumen were 49.81%,54.86% and 69.03%. The glucose supply originated from propionate were 7.70g/d, 9.54g/d and 18.72g/d. With increasing MG levels of the diets, the yields and the absorption rates of the propionate in the rumen were enhanced.
1.3 Determination of the quantities and the digestibility of bypass starch in the small intestine of the growing goats fed the diets.
9 growing goats of Inner Mongolian Cashmere breed (21-27Kg) fitted with permanent cannulas in the rumen ,at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were used to investigate the quantities and digestibility of bypass starch of the diets in the small intestine. The results indicated that the quantities of bypass starch of the diets were 56.65g/d, 71.93g/d and 91.42g/d, respectively; the digestibility of bypass starch in the small intestine were 51.73%, 61.18% and 63.10%, respectively. The absorbed glucose amounts from the small intestine were respectively 26.38g/d,39.74g/d and 51.92g/d. The quantities and digestibility of bypass starch were improved when the dietary MG level increased.
1.4 Determination of MG value of the diets
According to the results of Exp.2 and Exp.3, the dietary MG levels were 45.95g/Kg, 67.97g/Kg and 84.30g/Kg and the metabolizable glucose intakes for three groups of experimental goats were respectively 34.08g, 49.28g and 70.64g. The results suggested it is possible to compound a diet using single feedstuff's MG value. However, it must be considered the associative effects in mixed feeds. 2 Evaluation of proper level of MG for growing Goats
2.1 Effect of different dietary MG level on digestibility and metabolism in growing goats of Inner Mongolian cashmere breed
9 growing goats of Inner Mongolian Cashmere breed were used to investigate the effect of different dietary MG levels on digestibility and metabolism in the animals. The results showed when dietary MG levels increased, total tract digestibilities of DM, OM improved but total digestibilities of NDF, ADF decreased (P > 0.05) . The dietary MG levels had no effects on digestibility N but improved utilization of digestable N and increased nitrogen retention (P > 0.05) .Although gross energy digestibilities were decreased , the ME intakes had no significantly difference among the three groups. The concentrations of serum non- esterifled fatty acids (NEFA) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) were reduced (P > 0.05) but the plasma glucose concentration were increased ( P > 0.05) with dietary MG levels increased.
2.2 Effects of different dietary MG levels on weight gains in growing goats of Inner Mongolian cashmere breed
18 growing goats of Inner Mongolian C ashmere breed, which had similar age and body weights were divided into 3 groups (6 goats in each group) randomly and were given the 3 diets with different MG levels. These goats had 71days feeding time. The results showed daily weight gains significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) and feed conversion rate improved with dietary MG level increased (P > 0.05) .
2.3.Effect of different dietary MG levels on body compositions and energy rete
1 试验日粮MG水平的测定
1．1日粮ME值的测定
本试验采用体外法测定了试验日粮的ME值。结果表明，试验日粮的ME值处于相同水平。
1．2试验日粮丙酸产量及丙酸吸收率的研究
选取9只体况良好，体重21-27Kg安装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊，采用单因子随机设计，利用连续灌注丙酸的方法，研究了试验日粮在瘤胃内的丙酸产量和丙酸吸收率。研究结果表明，试验日粮的丙酸产生量分别为172.25mmol／d、193.12mmol／d和301.39mmol／d，丙酸吸收率分别为49.81％、54.86％和69.03％。由瘤胃发酵产生的丙酸转化的葡萄糖分别为7.70、9.54和18.72g／d。随日粮MG水平的提高，瘤胃丙酸产量增加，且丙酸的吸收率也增加。
1．3试验日粮过瘤胃淀粉量及过瘤胃淀粉小肠消化率的研究
选取9只体况良好，体重21-27Kg安装有瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠近端瘘管和回肠末端瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊，采用单因子随机设计，研究了试验日粮的过瘤胃淀粉量及过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率。结果表明，试验日粮的过瘤胃淀粉量分别为56.64，71.93和91.42g／d，过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率分别为51.73％、61.18％和63.10％，由过瘤胃淀粉提供的葡萄糖分别为26.38、39.74和51.92g／d。随日粮MG水平的提高，日粮过瘤胃淀粉量增加，过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率亦提高。
1．4试验日粮MG值的测定
根据试验二和试验三的试验结果，测得试验日粮的MG水平分别为45.95g／Kg、67.97g／Kg和84.30g／Kg，三组试验羊每天每头采食的MG值分别为34.08g、49.28g和70.64g。初步结果表明用单一饲料的MG值进行日粮配合具有一定的可行性，但需要考虑饲料间的组合效应。
2 生长绒山羊适宜代谢葡萄糖需要量的评定
2．1不同日粮MG水平对绒山羊消化代谢性能影响的研究
选用9只内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊，采用单因子随机区组试验设计，研究日
内蒙古自经山羊适宜代激葡萄糖水平的评定
粮MG水平对绒山羊消化代谢性能的影响。研究结果表明，随口粮MG水平
的增加，日粮＊M、OM的全消化道涓化率随之增加（P＞o．05人 而＊＊F、
AD F的全肠道消化率随之下降（P＞0刀5人 对日粮氮的消化率没有影响，但
提高了可消化氮的利用率及体内N的沉积量（P＞o刀5）；日粮总能的消化率
有降低的趋势（P＞o．05），但各组间摄入的＊E没有差异（P＞o．05）。增加
日粮＊G水平降低血浆中非脂化脂肪酸（＊＊FA）和尿素氮的含量（P＞o．05），
增加血糖的浓度（P＞O．05人
2．2不同日粮MG水平对绒山羊增重性能影响的研究
选取18只年龄、体重相近的内蒙古自绒山羊妈羊，随机分为三组，每
组6只，分别饲喂试验日粮，进行为期对天的饲养试验。结果表明，随日
粮＊G水平的增加，绒山羊的日增重显著提高（P＜0刀5），饲料转化效率提
高（P＞o．05）。
2．3不同日粮MG水平对绒山羊体成分及能量代谢的影响
选用21只内蒙古白绒山羊揭羊，随机分为三组。试验开始时屠宰3只，
饲养试验结束后每组再屠宰3只，测定试验期间的体成分及能量的沉积量。
结果表明，随日粮MG水平的增加，绒山羊体内蛋白质、脂肪和能量的沉积
量显著增加（P＜0．05人 但 MG为 67．979八g组和 84．309八g组间各组分沉
积量差异不显著（P＞o．05）。
综合考虑日粮各营养成分的消化率、绒山羊口增重以及机体C3＋C6能
／ME的比例等多项指标后认为，在1．2倍维持需要条件下，体重为23Kg的
生长绒山羊代谢葡萄糖的适宜水平为44．139M。
Based on determining MG values of three diets by in vivo technique, this paper mainly studied on the proper level of Metablizable Glucose (MG) in growing goats of Inner Mongolian cashmere breed . 1 Determination of MG value of three diets
1.1 Determination of ME values of the three diets
The ME values of the three diets were determined by in vitro technique. The result showed they had similar ME value.
1.2 Determination of the propionate yield and absorption rate in the rumen of the goats fed the diets by in vivo technique
Nine growing goats of Inner Mongolian Cashmere breed (21-27Kg) fitted with permanent cannulas were used to determine the propionate yields and absorption rates in the rumen of the animals fed the diets by continuously infusing propionate solution technique. The results showed that the propionate yields of three diets were 172.25mmol/d, 193.12mmol/d and 301.39mmol/d, respectively; the corresponding absorption rates of propionate in the rumen were 49.81%,54.86% and 69.03%. The glucose supply originated from propionate were 7.70g/d, 9.54g/d and 18.72g/d. With increasing MG levels of the diets, the yields and the absorption rates of the propionate in the rumen were enhanced.
1.3 Determination of the quantities and the digestibility of bypass starch in the small intestine of the growing goats fed the diets.
9 growing goats of Inner Mongolian Cashmere breed (21-27Kg) fitted with permanent cannulas in the rumen ,at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were used to investigate the quantities and digestibility of bypass starch of the diets in the small intestine. The results indicated that the quantities of bypass starch of the diets were 56.65g/d, 71.93g/d and 91.42g/d, respectively; the digestibility of bypass starch in the small intestine were 51.73%, 61.18% and 63.10%, respectively. The absorbed glucose amounts from the small intestine were respectively 26.38g/d,39.74g/d and 51.92g/d. The quantities and digestibility of bypass starch were improved when the dietary MG level increased.
1.4 Determination of MG value of the diets
According to the results of Exp.2 and Exp.3, the dietary MG levels were 45.95g/Kg, 67.97g/Kg and 84.30g/Kg and the metabolizable glucose intakes for three groups of experimental goats were respectively 34.08g, 49.28g and 70.64g. The results suggested it is possible to compound a diet using single feedstuff's MG value. However, it must be considered the associative effects in mixed feeds. 2 Evaluation of proper level of MG for growing Goats
2.1 Effect of different dietary MG level on digestibility and metabolism in growing goats of Inner Mongolian cashmere breed
9 growing goats of Inner Mongolian Cashmere breed were used to investigate the effect of different dietary MG levels on digestibility and metabolism in the animals. The results showed when dietary MG levels increased, total tract digestibilities of DM, OM improved but total digestibilities of NDF, ADF decreased (P > 0.05) . The dietary MG levels had no effects on digestibility N but improved utilization of digestable N and increased nitrogen retention (P > 0.05) .Although gross energy digestibilities were decreased , the ME intakes had no significantly difference among the three groups. The concentrations of serum non- esterifled fatty acids (NEFA) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) were reduced (P > 0.05) but the plasma glucose concentration were increased ( P > 0.05) with dietary MG levels increased.
2.2 Effects of different dietary MG levels on weight gains in growing goats of Inner Mongolian cashmere breed
18 growing goats of Inner Mongolian C ashmere breed, which had similar age and body weights were divided into 3 groups (6 goats in each group) randomly and were given the 3 diets with different MG levels. These goats had 71days feeding time. The results showed daily weight gains significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) and feed conversion rate improved with dietary MG level increased (P > 0.05) .
2.3.Effect of different dietary MG levels on body compositions and energy rete
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