定/导向钻进施工中的地下管线损伤预防措施及技术研究
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摘要
近十年来,非开挖定/导向钻进技术用于敷设城市地下管线在我国得到了极大的推广应用。但这并不意味着我们的每一次施工都能够顺利完成,主观因素和客观原因共同主宰着施工的成败。
目前,对定/导向钻进施工技术的研究主要集中在具体的施工工艺、设备以及泥浆配制等领域,而对定/导向钻进施工过程中地下管线损伤预防措施的研究还存在不足,本文是以城市管线敷设相关规范为依据,以非开挖水平定/导向钻进技术原理为出发点,以作者亲身经历的实践为基础,对非开挖定/导向钻进施工中地下管线损伤进行相关研究。
首先,本文对城市中地下管线进行分类,依据管线施工安全距离以及管线敷设的影响因素分析水平定/导向钻进技术的施工环境,并在此基础上指出非开挖项目的勘察、探测要点。
其次,从钻孔轨迹设计的一般原理入手,描述钻孔轨迹设计的基本参数,谈及定/导向轨迹设计的主要内容,对导向钻头导向角进行了优化计算,同时也对扩孔工序中扩孔直径进行了优化设计。根据已有管线和在建管线不同特点和施工环境影响程度,谈及地下管线损伤的预防措施以及相关的应用技术。
最后,结合成功案例,强调按照施工工序进行科学施工的重要性。
In the recent ten years, directional drilling/ guided boring technology being used to lay different kinds of underground pipelines has been greatly applied. Nevertheless, it does not mean that we can guarantee the successful application of this technology into each construction, since both subjective factors and objective causes contribute to the ultimate result.
Currently, research on directional drilling/ guided boring technology focuses mainly on the specific and detailed construction engineering, equipment, and the compounding of concrete, etc. whereas the research on the preventive measures for underground pipeline is still not adequate.
In accordance with the related standards and norms existing in the pipeline- laying industries, in light of the principles of directional drilling/ guided boring trenchless technology, and based on the author's own experience, the paper presents us the research on the preventive measures against damage to the underground pipelines in the process of directional drilling/guided boring.
To begin with, the paper classifies the underground pipes, analyzes the construction environment of horizontal directional drilling/guided boring according to the influencing factors as well as the safety margin for laying the pipes, and it further points out the key points in the geotechnical investigation and diction for the trenchless projects.
Secondly, the paper describes the basic parameters of designing the bore path according to the general principles. It then give details to the main content of designing the bore path of directional drilling/guided boring, conducts the optimum calculation of the guide bit and guide angle, and makes the optimum design for the enlarging diameter in the process of enlarging a hole. It continues to refer to the preventive measures against damage to the underground pipelines and the referred technology, based on the different features of the existed pipelines and that of those being laid, and also based on the extent to which the construction environment can be influenced.
In the end, by citing some successful cases, the paper places great emphasis on the significance of constructing in a scientific way as the implementation procedure prescribes.
目前,对定/导向钻进施工技术的研究主要集中在具体的施工工艺、设备以及泥浆配制等领域,而对定/导向钻进施工过程中地下管线损伤预防措施的研究还存在不足,本文是以城市管线敷设相关规范为依据,以非开挖水平定/导向钻进技术原理为出发点,以作者亲身经历的实践为基础,对非开挖定/导向钻进施工中地下管线损伤进行相关研究。
首先,本文对城市中地下管线进行分类,依据管线施工安全距离以及管线敷设的影响因素分析水平定/导向钻进技术的施工环境,并在此基础上指出非开挖项目的勘察、探测要点。
其次,从钻孔轨迹设计的一般原理入手,描述钻孔轨迹设计的基本参数,谈及定/导向轨迹设计的主要内容,对导向钻头导向角进行了优化计算,同时也对扩孔工序中扩孔直径进行了优化设计。根据已有管线和在建管线不同特点和施工环境影响程度,谈及地下管线损伤的预防措施以及相关的应用技术。
最后,结合成功案例,强调按照施工工序进行科学施工的重要性。
In the recent ten years, directional drilling/ guided boring technology being used to lay different kinds of underground pipelines has been greatly applied. Nevertheless, it does not mean that we can guarantee the successful application of this technology into each construction, since both subjective factors and objective causes contribute to the ultimate result.
Currently, research on directional drilling/ guided boring technology focuses mainly on the specific and detailed construction engineering, equipment, and the compounding of concrete, etc. whereas the research on the preventive measures for underground pipeline is still not adequate.
In accordance with the related standards and norms existing in the pipeline- laying industries, in light of the principles of directional drilling/ guided boring trenchless technology, and based on the author's own experience, the paper presents us the research on the preventive measures against damage to the underground pipelines in the process of directional drilling/guided boring.
To begin with, the paper classifies the underground pipes, analyzes the construction environment of horizontal directional drilling/guided boring according to the influencing factors as well as the safety margin for laying the pipes, and it further points out the key points in the geotechnical investigation and diction for the trenchless projects.
Secondly, the paper describes the basic parameters of designing the bore path according to the general principles. It then give details to the main content of designing the bore path of directional drilling/guided boring, conducts the optimum calculation of the guide bit and guide angle, and makes the optimum design for the enlarging diameter in the process of enlarging a hole. It continues to refer to the preventive measures against damage to the underground pipelines and the referred technology, based on the different features of the existed pipelines and that of those being laid, and also based on the extent to which the construction environment can be influenced.
In the end, by citing some successful cases, the paper places great emphasis on the significance of constructing in a scientific way as the implementation procedure prescribes.
引文
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[3]张志兵.气动冲击锤的计算机模拟研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2002
[4]颜纯文.非开挖管线施工技术的发展及我国对策.岩土钻凿工程,1998,(2):1-3
[5]颜纯文,D.Stein编著.非开挖铺设地下管线技术及其应用.北京:地震出版社,1999
[6]黄伟.非开挖铺管技术的环境效益评价研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2001
[7]Derr,Henry R.,An Opinionated Review of Trenchless Technologies for Pipeline Rehabilitation,Proceedings of the ASCE International Conference on Pipeline Engineering and Construction:New Pipeline Technologies,Security,and Safety,2003,v.l,p530-539
[8]陈士军,翟洪海.非开挖水平定向穿越铺设地下管线技术.城市道路与防洪,2006,(2):120-121
[9]李小杰,孙友宏,刘迎娟.浅析非开挖地下管线施工技术.非开挖技术,2005,(2-3):22-24
[10]宋翔雁.我国非开挖管线工程技术发展现状的调查报告.岩土钻凿工程,2001:2-3
[11]颜纯文.非开挖地下管线施工设备及其发展趋势.工程机械与维修,2001,(5):3-5
[12]何宜章.2004年我国非开挖行业发展概况.非开挖技术,2005,(3):1-4
[13]陈杰,李强,杨劲松,黄静.非开挖穿越新技术.天然气与石油,2006,24(6):9-11
[14]颜纯文,蒋国盛,叶建良著.非开挖铺设地下管线工程技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005
[15]徐海良,龙国键,梁武.非开挖铺设管线施工方法及其设备技术发展趋势.非开挖技术,2006,23(2-3):16-20
[16]陈晨,贾栋.地下管线非开挖挤土成孔技术.探矿工程,2003(增刊):14-16
[17]乌效鸣,胡郁乐,李粮纲等.导向钻进与非开挖铺管技术.中国地质大学出版社,2004
[18]李细星,诸德超.弯螺杆钻具力学特性分析与设计.石油机械,1997,25(11):28-29
[19]赵国珍,龚伟安.成孔力学基础.北京:石油工业出版社,1988
[20]朱晓赞.典型河相地层条件下非开挖定(导)向钻进施工技术研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2007
[21]杨伟超.非开挖定(导)向钻进钻孔轨迹的优化设计及其应用研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2004
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[23]颜纯文.非开挖地下管线施工技术.1996北京国际非开挖技术研讨会论文集,1996
[24]宋翔雁.我国非开挖管线工程技术发展现状的调查报告.岩土钻凿工程,2001,(2-3):3-5
[25]中国非开挖技术协会.地下钻进管线穿越铺设工程技术规定.2002(5)
[26]非开挖定向(导向)钻进技术专集.岩土钻凿工程,1995,(1)
[27]Anne Cotton.No Dig Cable Laying in Italy.No-Dig International,2000
[28]何宜章.论非开挖管线施工的安全性.非开挖技术,2002,(2-3):3-5
[29]Jeff Griffin著,广临译.选用较小钻机进行岩石水平定向钻进.非开挖技术,2002,(2-3):17-18
[30]胡郁乐,乌效鸣.非开挖技术中定向钻进效果与弯曲问题分析.地质与勘探,2003,(2):12-14
[31]CASE钻机操作手册
[32]沈大鸣,曹军.管道:为新世纪输油供气.经济论坛,2000,(2):19-20
[33]冯梦林.浅谈定向钻进技术.广东建材,2007,(1):45-46
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