水平定向钻技术在高压燃气管道施工中的应用研究
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摘要
随着人们对环境保护和文明施工的日渐重视,非开挖地下管线铺设技术逐渐被人们所接受,并且取得了巨大发展。目前,非开挖技术己经被国际建筑行业公认为一个很有发展前景的分支。非开挖技术可广泛应用于穿越公路、铁路、建筑物、河流以及在闹市区、古迹保护区、农作物和植被保护区等不允许或不能开挖条件下,对诸如供水、煤气、石油天然气、污水、电力、电信、电缆、热力等地下管线的铺设、更换和修复。非开挖技术是对传统地下管线开挖建设方法的一次革命,自正式进入工程施工市场至今,在较短的时期内,以其独到的技术特征与优势,以其对环境、城市交通的最小影响和危害,及其效率和成本等优势,日益受到人们的重视,取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益。
深圳市天然气高压输配系统是国家重点工程国家西气东输二线的配套项目。其中坂澜大道天然气高压管道工程是贯通东西段工程的关键工程,原计划随在建道路直埋敷设,由于道路施工进展缓慢以及开挖需穿越众多障碍物等原因,最终选择采取非开挖穿越方式进行施工,并成功缩短工期至少24个月。
本文正是选择了目前非开挖技术领域内应用效果和发展前景比较好的水平定向钻进技术在高压燃气管道施工中的应用作为研究对象,运用理论分析与案例分析相结合的方法,对其在复杂地层条件下的应用进行了系统的分析研究,其主要工作内容如下:
1.分析国内外水平定向钻技术的发展概况,对顶管、盾构等非开挖施工方式进行比较,总结各施工方式的特点,论述了高压燃气管道采取水平定向钻的必要性;
2.分析水平定向钻穿越大中型河流的适用范围,分析河相地层定向钻进特点,针对岩石地层、砂卵石地层、砂土地层等复杂地层,总结复杂地层条件下水平定向钻的技术难题,并对施工过程中可能出现的不良影响进行预测;
3.通过本案例及其他类似案例,列举了日常使用的水平定向钻回拖力计算方向,并对各种回拖力计算方法进行分析。针对应用在油气管道回拖力计算中较常用的卸荷拱土压力计算法、净浮力计算法、绞盘计算法三种计算方法选取国内大型高压燃气管道水平定向钻施工实例和本研究对象进行分析计算,确定本研究对象的回拖力的选取。
4.对水平定向钻施工方案进行解析,对本案例进行总结,并提出水平定向钻施工的改进措施。
With the enhancement of environmental protection and civilization instruction consciousness in mind, trenchless technology which is used in underground pipeline laying project has been accepted gradually and developed greatly. Currently, non-excavation technology has been considered as a bright prospect branch of construction in the international construction industry. Trenchless technology can be widely used in the crossing of roads, railways, buildings, rivers, downtown area, heritage conservation areas, crops and vegetation protection areas or other not allowed for excavation conditions, such as water, gas, oil and gas, sewage, electricity, telecommunications, cable, heat and other underground pipeline laying, replacement and repair in modern construction. Trenchless technology is a revolution of traditional method for underground pipeline excavation construction, since trenchless technology has entered into the construction market, because of its unique technical features and advantages, the smallest effects and hazards to city traffic and environment, and its efficiency and low cost advantages, it has been drawing increasing attention and achieved a good social and economic benefits in a relatively short period of time.
High pressure natural gas transmission and distribution system in Shenzhen City is one of the supporting projects of national West to East Gas Projection. Banlan Avenue high pressure natural gas pipeline project is included in this system and is also a key point of east-west project. The original plan of this project is that burying pipelines with the construction of roads, but road construction and excavation and many other obstacles and reasons would slow down the progress. So the non-excavation through way construction which has successfully shorten the duration of at least 24 months was chosen at last.
This paper selected the horizontal directional drilling technology which has better application results and prospects in the high-pressure gas pipeline construction as the research project. With the application of theoretical analysis and case study method, analyzed its application under the complex formation conditions Systematically of its main tasks are as follows:
1.Analysis of domestic and horizontal directional drilling technology overview of the top tube, shield and other trenchless construction methods were compared, a summary of the characteristics of the construction methods, discusses the high-pressure gas pipeline to the need for horizontal directional drilling;
2.Analysis of horizontal directional drilling through the application of medium-sized rivers, river facies analysis of characteristics of directional drilling for rock formations, sand and gravel formations, such as sand strata complex formation, concluded under the conditions of complex formation of horizontal directional drilling technical problems, and construction process may appear to predict adverse effects;
3.By this case and other similar cases, describes the daily use of horizontal directional drilling back to the calculated direction of the drag force, drag force and a variety of back calculation method for analysis. For applications in oil and gas pipeline back to the drag force calculation of the more common arch earth pressure unloading method, the net buoyancy calculations, three methods winch calculation method selected large domestic high-pressure gas pipeline horizontal directional drilling construction examples and analysis in this study calculations to determine the drag force of the object back to the selection.
4 . to analyze the horizontal directional drilling construction program and summarize the case and proposed horizontal directional drilling construction of improvements.
深圳市天然气高压输配系统是国家重点工程国家西气东输二线的配套项目。其中坂澜大道天然气高压管道工程是贯通东西段工程的关键工程,原计划随在建道路直埋敷设,由于道路施工进展缓慢以及开挖需穿越众多障碍物等原因,最终选择采取非开挖穿越方式进行施工,并成功缩短工期至少24个月。
本文正是选择了目前非开挖技术领域内应用效果和发展前景比较好的水平定向钻进技术在高压燃气管道施工中的应用作为研究对象,运用理论分析与案例分析相结合的方法,对其在复杂地层条件下的应用进行了系统的分析研究,其主要工作内容如下:
1.分析国内外水平定向钻技术的发展概况,对顶管、盾构等非开挖施工方式进行比较,总结各施工方式的特点,论述了高压燃气管道采取水平定向钻的必要性;
2.分析水平定向钻穿越大中型河流的适用范围,分析河相地层定向钻进特点,针对岩石地层、砂卵石地层、砂土地层等复杂地层,总结复杂地层条件下水平定向钻的技术难题,并对施工过程中可能出现的不良影响进行预测;
3.通过本案例及其他类似案例,列举了日常使用的水平定向钻回拖力计算方向,并对各种回拖力计算方法进行分析。针对应用在油气管道回拖力计算中较常用的卸荷拱土压力计算法、净浮力计算法、绞盘计算法三种计算方法选取国内大型高压燃气管道水平定向钻施工实例和本研究对象进行分析计算,确定本研究对象的回拖力的选取。
4.对水平定向钻施工方案进行解析,对本案例进行总结,并提出水平定向钻施工的改进措施。
With the enhancement of environmental protection and civilization instruction consciousness in mind, trenchless technology which is used in underground pipeline laying project has been accepted gradually and developed greatly. Currently, non-excavation technology has been considered as a bright prospect branch of construction in the international construction industry. Trenchless technology can be widely used in the crossing of roads, railways, buildings, rivers, downtown area, heritage conservation areas, crops and vegetation protection areas or other not allowed for excavation conditions, such as water, gas, oil and gas, sewage, electricity, telecommunications, cable, heat and other underground pipeline laying, replacement and repair in modern construction. Trenchless technology is a revolution of traditional method for underground pipeline excavation construction, since trenchless technology has entered into the construction market, because of its unique technical features and advantages, the smallest effects and hazards to city traffic and environment, and its efficiency and low cost advantages, it has been drawing increasing attention and achieved a good social and economic benefits in a relatively short period of time.
High pressure natural gas transmission and distribution system in Shenzhen City is one of the supporting projects of national West to East Gas Projection. Banlan Avenue high pressure natural gas pipeline project is included in this system and is also a key point of east-west project. The original plan of this project is that burying pipelines with the construction of roads, but road construction and excavation and many other obstacles and reasons would slow down the progress. So the non-excavation through way construction which has successfully shorten the duration of at least 24 months was chosen at last.
This paper selected the horizontal directional drilling technology which has better application results and prospects in the high-pressure gas pipeline construction as the research project. With the application of theoretical analysis and case study method, analyzed its application under the complex formation conditions Systematically of its main tasks are as follows:
1.Analysis of domestic and horizontal directional drilling technology overview of the top tube, shield and other trenchless construction methods were compared, a summary of the characteristics of the construction methods, discusses the high-pressure gas pipeline to the need for horizontal directional drilling;
2.Analysis of horizontal directional drilling through the application of medium-sized rivers, river facies analysis of characteristics of directional drilling for rock formations, sand and gravel formations, such as sand strata complex formation, concluded under the conditions of complex formation of horizontal directional drilling technical problems, and construction process may appear to predict adverse effects;
3.By this case and other similar cases, describes the daily use of horizontal directional drilling back to the calculated direction of the drag force, drag force and a variety of back calculation method for analysis. For applications in oil and gas pipeline back to the drag force calculation of the more common arch earth pressure unloading method, the net buoyancy calculations, three methods winch calculation method selected large domestic high-pressure gas pipeline horizontal directional drilling construction examples and analysis in this study calculations to determine the drag force of the object back to the selection.
4 . to analyze the horizontal directional drilling construction program and summarize the case and proposed horizontal directional drilling construction of improvements.
引文
[1]万云等.中国市政工程西南设计研究院深圳市燃气工程设计有限公司,深圳市天然气高压输配系统工程可行性研究报告
[2]颜纯文, D.Stein .非开挖地下管线施工技术及其应用.北京:地震出版社,1999
[3]Najafi, Rasis, Gokhale. An overview of common methods in trenchless technology. Construction and Materials Issues, 2001. 133～144
[4]窦斌,蒋国盛.我国非开挖施工技术的发展概况及差距.岩土工程界,2004(4):4～5
[5]王鹏,张伟.中国非开挖地下管线施工市场潜力技术现状和发展趋势.地质与勘探.2005(3):16～18
[6]何宜章.我国非开挖行业发展概况.非开放技术. 2005.03
[7]高丽萍.国内外管道工程技术调研报告,中国石油天然气集团公司信息研究所,2003
[8]冯兴法,朱晓赞,等.典型河相地质条件下非开挖,非开挖技术,2007(4)
[9]陈劲,胡郁乐,等.卵砾层中的非开挖铺管技术煤田地质与勘探,2003(6):62～64
[10]柳金海.不良条件管道工程设计与施工手册.北京:中国物价出版社,1992.
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[12]樊腊生.西部地区复杂地层非开挖钻进铺管新技术.探矿工程,2003(增刊):32
[13]王银献,刘国伟,等.非开挖导向钻进铺管技术穿越含砂卵砾石河流的施工实践.地质与勘探,2002(5):24～29
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[15] Maria Anna Polak, Afdal Lasheen. Mechanical modeling for pipes in horizontal drilling .Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2002 vol.16
[16] A.J.van Seters. Research For Horizontal Directional Drilling And Micro -tunnels. No-Dig Internatoin,2002.6
[17]刘甫亚.困难条件下的输气管道河流穿越.国外油气储运.1994,12(5):13～17
[18]范培焰,吴益泉.进长距离穿越问题浅析.非开挖技术,2002(2-3):41～42
[19]高俊凯,陈国彬.全国主要江河油气管道穿跨越工程资料汇编.北京:石油工程出版社,1992.3
[20]赵林,冯启民.埋地管线建模方法研究.地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2): 53～57.
[21]王歇成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[22]张朝晖.水平定向钻工程应用范例.清华大学出版社,2006
[23]黄清酞.地下管道计算,湖北科学技术出版社,1991
[24]李占军,刘树堂,彭雅轩.管一土相互作用的力学分析.东北电力学院学报.1996,16(2):67 28～37
[25]任艳荣,刘玉标.多孔弹性海床上的管土相互作用数值模拟.中国海洋平台,2004,19(5):15～19
[26]龚爱民,傅蜀燕,黄海燕.净浮力发在分析地下埋管工程中的应用.安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,12(50):51～55
[27]Shiro Takada, Jian一WenLiang, Teng yuan Li. Shell-model Response of Buried Pipeline toLarge Fault Movements. Journal of Struetural Engineering JSCE, 1998
[28]Lasheen, A.Polak M.A. HDD Loads Imposed On A Pipe. No-dig,2001
[29]Franeeseo Calvetti, Claudio di Priseo, Rober to Nova. Experimental and Numerieal Analysis of soil-pipe PIPe Interaetion. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,DECEMBER 2004:1292～1299
[30]Chuang P, Smith D.L. Elastie analysis of submarine pipelines. J.Struet.Eng, 1992,118,90～107
[31]邵蕴秋.水平定向钻回拖力分析实例导航.中国铁道出版社,2004.
[32]黄清酞.地下管道计算.湖北科学技术出版社,1991.
[33]郝文化.土木工程应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[34]Torstenfelt B.Contact problems with fiction on general purpose finite element computer programs.Computers and Struetures, 1983,16:487～493.
[35]Yun Mook Lim, Moon Kyum, Kim Tae Wook Kimete. the Behavior Analysis of Buried Pipeline:Considering Longitudinal Permanent Ground Deformation. PiPelines 2001 International Conferenee, San Diego,California, USA, 2001:1～11
[36]刘全林,杨敏.埋地管与土相互作用分析模型及其参数确定.岩土力学,2004,26(5)728～731
[37]周长城,胡仁喜.水平定向钻基础与典型范例.北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[38]孙超.水平定向钻在非开挖铺设给排水管道中的应用研究:[学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004
[39]孙瑞锋.城市地下管道非开挖技术的岩土力学研究:[学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2005
[40]吴翔,杨凯华,等.定向钻进原理与应用.中国地质大学出版社,2006
[41]徐秉业,刘信声.《弹塑性力学》.北京:清华大学出版社,2001。
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[44]张朝晖.水平定向钻工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
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[47]姚爱国,马明.岩土工程钻进原理.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2004
[48]宋翔雁,郝丁,等.我国非开挖管线工程技术发展现状的调查报告.特种结构,2001(9):29～33
[49]乌效鸣,胡郁乐,等.导向钻进与非开挖铺管技术.中国地质大学出版社,2004
[50]屈智炯.土的塑性力学.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987
[51] Samuel T. Ariaratnam, M.ASCE1; and James J. Proszek2, Legal Consequences of Damages to Underground Facilities by Horizontal Directional Drilling,2006
[2]颜纯文, D.Stein .非开挖地下管线施工技术及其应用.北京:地震出版社,1999
[3]Najafi, Rasis, Gokhale. An overview of common methods in trenchless technology. Construction and Materials Issues, 2001. 133～144
[4]窦斌,蒋国盛.我国非开挖施工技术的发展概况及差距.岩土工程界,2004(4):4～5
[5]王鹏,张伟.中国非开挖地下管线施工市场潜力技术现状和发展趋势.地质与勘探.2005(3):16～18
[6]何宜章.我国非开挖行业发展概况.非开放技术. 2005.03
[7]高丽萍.国内外管道工程技术调研报告,中国石油天然气集团公司信息研究所,2003
[8]冯兴法,朱晓赞,等.典型河相地质条件下非开挖,非开挖技术,2007(4)
[9]陈劲,胡郁乐,等.卵砾层中的非开挖铺管技术煤田地质与勘探,2003(6):62～64
[10]柳金海.不良条件管道工程设计与施工手册.北京:中国物价出版社,1992.
[11]范培焰,吴益泉.进长距离穿越问题浅析.非开挖技术,2002(2-3):41～42
[12]樊腊生.西部地区复杂地层非开挖钻进铺管新技术.探矿工程,2003(增刊):32
[13]王银献,刘国伟,等.非开挖导向钻进铺管技术穿越含砂卵砾石河流的施工实践.地质与勘探,2002(5):24～29
[14]王学贞.水平导向钻机在第四系粘土质地层中长距离非开挖铺管的应用.地下工程,2003(6)
[15] Maria Anna Polak, Afdal Lasheen. Mechanical modeling for pipes in horizontal drilling .Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2002 vol.16
[16] A.J.van Seters. Research For Horizontal Directional Drilling And Micro -tunnels. No-Dig Internatoin,2002.6
[17]刘甫亚.困难条件下的输气管道河流穿越.国外油气储运.1994,12(5):13～17
[18]范培焰,吴益泉.进长距离穿越问题浅析.非开挖技术,2002(2-3):41～42
[19]高俊凯,陈国彬.全国主要江河油气管道穿跨越工程资料汇编.北京:石油工程出版社,1992.3
[20]赵林,冯启民.埋地管线建模方法研究.地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2): 53～57.
[21]王歇成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[22]张朝晖.水平定向钻工程应用范例.清华大学出版社,2006
[23]黄清酞.地下管道计算,湖北科学技术出版社,1991
[24]李占军,刘树堂,彭雅轩.管一土相互作用的力学分析.东北电力学院学报.1996,16(2):67 28～37
[25]任艳荣,刘玉标.多孔弹性海床上的管土相互作用数值模拟.中国海洋平台,2004,19(5):15～19
[26]龚爱民,傅蜀燕,黄海燕.净浮力发在分析地下埋管工程中的应用.安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,12(50):51～55
[27]Shiro Takada, Jian一WenLiang, Teng yuan Li. Shell-model Response of Buried Pipeline toLarge Fault Movements. Journal of Struetural Engineering JSCE, 1998
[28]Lasheen, A.Polak M.A. HDD Loads Imposed On A Pipe. No-dig,2001
[29]Franeeseo Calvetti, Claudio di Priseo, Rober to Nova. Experimental and Numerieal Analysis of soil-pipe PIPe Interaetion. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,DECEMBER 2004:1292～1299
[30]Chuang P, Smith D.L. Elastie analysis of submarine pipelines. J.Struet.Eng, 1992,118,90～107
[31]邵蕴秋.水平定向钻回拖力分析实例导航.中国铁道出版社,2004.
[32]黄清酞.地下管道计算.湖北科学技术出版社,1991.
[33]郝文化.土木工程应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[34]Torstenfelt B.Contact problems with fiction on general purpose finite element computer programs.Computers and Struetures, 1983,16:487～493.
[35]Yun Mook Lim, Moon Kyum, Kim Tae Wook Kimete. the Behavior Analysis of Buried Pipeline:Considering Longitudinal Permanent Ground Deformation. PiPelines 2001 International Conferenee, San Diego,California, USA, 2001:1～11
[36]刘全林,杨敏.埋地管与土相互作用分析模型及其参数确定.岩土力学,2004,26(5)728～731
[37]周长城,胡仁喜.水平定向钻基础与典型范例.北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[38]孙超.水平定向钻在非开挖铺设给排水管道中的应用研究:[学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004
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