油气管道水平定向钻穿越大中型河流技术的研究
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摘要
随着人们对环境保护和文明施工的日渐重视,非开挖地下管线铺设技术逐渐被人们所接受,并且取得了巨大发展。目前,非开挖技术己经被国际建筑行业公认为一个很有发展前景的分支。本文选择了目前非开挖技术领域内应用效果和发展前景比较好的定向钻进技术作为研究对象,运用理论研究与工程案例分析相结合的方法,对其在复杂地层条件下的应用进行了系统的分析研究,其主要工作内容如下:
1.分析定向钻穿越大中型河流的适用范围,分析河相地层定向钻进特点,针对岩石地层、砂卵石地层、砂土地层等复杂地层,总结复杂地层条件下水平定向钻的技术难题,并对施工过程中可能出现的不良影响进行预测;
2.对比现有的一些回拖力计算公式,对各种回拖力计算方法进行分析。主要针对在油气管道回拖力计算中较常用的卸荷拱土压力计算法、净浮力计算法、绞盘计算法三种计算方法从基本思路、计算公式和适用范围进行了辨析;
3.对上述的三种回拖力计算公式进行改进,并把改进后的公式应用到实际工程中检验。分析对比改进前后公式计算结果的差异,提出应用改进后公式计算的适用条件;
4.利用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立管——土接触有限元模型。定量分析计算管道在不同参数如回拖力、管径、壁厚、土特性等变化的情况下,对管线反应的影响程度,寻找其敏感的影响因素。分析管线在回拖力作用下管体各处的应力分布特征,对变形较大的部位提出应对措施。
With the increasing demand on the environmental protection and construction culturally,no-dig (trenchless) technology,accepted and appreciated by the people in all fields,has been made a great development in the past few years.At present,it has been regarded as a very prosperous branch of the construction by the international civil engineering .Based on the analysis about all kinds of no-dig methods,the horizontal directional drilling(HDD) technology,the most efficient and prosperous categories, are selected by the author as research target,the author gives a systematical research on HDD by means of experiment and engineering practice in the complicated condition .The main contents are as following:
1. Analysis the application range of HDD while drilling through large and medium-sized rivers,meanwhile, analyzed and classified the main characteristics of fluvial facies .Directing at rock strata,sandy soil strata and cobble gravelly strata,summarizing technical problems of HDD under the conditions of complicated strata,and predicted adverse effects may occur in construction process.
2. Based on analyzing and comparison of several kinds of theoretical formula and analyzing the composition and influence factor,mainly targeted at unloading arch soil stress calculation, pure flotation calculation and traveler sprinkling calculations which commonly used in oil and gas pipeline pull strength calculation,from basic ideas,calculation,range application to discriminate.
3. Improves a common formula used in calculating pull strength .and the theoretical results are compared with the actual result measured in the field.
4. Using the Finite Element Analysis tool ANSYS to create the contact pair between the soil and pipeline. Some factors and parameters effect, such as the force of pulling, the diameter of pipe and the thickness of pipe and the material of soil, etc are analyzed through an example. Some conclusions are drawn. Such as ,the response of the pipeline is unsymmetrical,pipeline is easy damaged at the position of the head of pulling and the Corner of drilling. In the end,the existing problems which need to be studied are discussed briefly and the promising possible future research directions on the subject are suggested.
1.分析定向钻穿越大中型河流的适用范围,分析河相地层定向钻进特点,针对岩石地层、砂卵石地层、砂土地层等复杂地层,总结复杂地层条件下水平定向钻的技术难题,并对施工过程中可能出现的不良影响进行预测;
2.对比现有的一些回拖力计算公式,对各种回拖力计算方法进行分析。主要针对在油气管道回拖力计算中较常用的卸荷拱土压力计算法、净浮力计算法、绞盘计算法三种计算方法从基本思路、计算公式和适用范围进行了辨析;
3.对上述的三种回拖力计算公式进行改进,并把改进后的公式应用到实际工程中检验。分析对比改进前后公式计算结果的差异,提出应用改进后公式计算的适用条件;
4.利用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立管——土接触有限元模型。定量分析计算管道在不同参数如回拖力、管径、壁厚、土特性等变化的情况下,对管线反应的影响程度,寻找其敏感的影响因素。分析管线在回拖力作用下管体各处的应力分布特征,对变形较大的部位提出应对措施。
With the increasing demand on the environmental protection and construction culturally,no-dig (trenchless) technology,accepted and appreciated by the people in all fields,has been made a great development in the past few years.At present,it has been regarded as a very prosperous branch of the construction by the international civil engineering .Based on the analysis about all kinds of no-dig methods,the horizontal directional drilling(HDD) technology,the most efficient and prosperous categories, are selected by the author as research target,the author gives a systematical research on HDD by means of experiment and engineering practice in the complicated condition .The main contents are as following:
1. Analysis the application range of HDD while drilling through large and medium-sized rivers,meanwhile, analyzed and classified the main characteristics of fluvial facies .Directing at rock strata,sandy soil strata and cobble gravelly strata,summarizing technical problems of HDD under the conditions of complicated strata,and predicted adverse effects may occur in construction process.
2. Based on analyzing and comparison of several kinds of theoretical formula and analyzing the composition and influence factor,mainly targeted at unloading arch soil stress calculation, pure flotation calculation and traveler sprinkling calculations which commonly used in oil and gas pipeline pull strength calculation,from basic ideas,calculation,range application to discriminate.
3. Improves a common formula used in calculating pull strength .and the theoretical results are compared with the actual result measured in the field.
4. Using the Finite Element Analysis tool ANSYS to create the contact pair between the soil and pipeline. Some factors and parameters effect, such as the force of pulling, the diameter of pipe and the thickness of pipe and the material of soil, etc are analyzed through an example. Some conclusions are drawn. Such as ,the response of the pipeline is unsymmetrical,pipeline is easy damaged at the position of the head of pulling and the Corner of drilling. In the end,the existing problems which need to be studied are discussed briefly and the promising possible future research directions on the subject are suggested.
引文
[1]宋翔雁,郝丁,等.我国非开挖管线工程技术发展现状的调查报告.特种结构,2001(9):29～33
[2]颜纯文,D.Stein .非开挖地下管线施工技术及其应用.北京:地震出版社,1999
[3]Najafi, Rasis, Gokhale. An overview of common methods in trenchless technology. Construction and Materials Issues, 2001. 133～144
[4]窦斌,蒋国盛.我国非开挖施工技术的发展概况及差距.岩土工程界,2004(4):4～5
[5]王鹏,张伟.中国非开挖地下管线施工市场潜力技术现状和发展趋势.地质与勘探.2005(3):16～18
[6]何宜章.我国非开挖行业发展概况.非开放技术.2005.03
[7]高丽萍.国内外管道工程技术调研报告,中国石油天然气集团公司信息研究所,2003
[8]冯兴法,朱晓赞,等.典型河相地质条件下非开挖,非开挖技术,2007(4)
[9]陈劲,胡郁乐,等.卵砾层中的非开挖铺管技术煤田地质与勘探,2003(6):62～64
[10]柳金海.不良条件管道工程设计与施工手册.北京:中国物价出版社,1992.
[11]范培焰,吴益泉.水平定向钻进长距离穿越问题浅析.非开挖技术,2002(2-3):41～42
[12]樊腊生.西部地区复杂地层非开挖钻进铺管新技术.探矿工程,2003(增刊):32
[13]王银献,刘国伟,等.非开挖导向钻进铺管技术穿越含砂卵砾石河流的施工实践.地质与勘探,2002(5):24～29
[14]王学贞.水平导向钻机在第四系粘土质地层中长距离非开挖铺管的应用.地下工程,2003(6)
[15] Maria Anna Polak, Afdal Lasheen. Mechanical modeling for pipes in horizontal drilling . Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2002 vol.16
[16] A.J.van Seters. Research For Horizontal Directional Drilling And Micro -tunnels. No-Dig Internatoin,2002.6
[17]刘甫亚.困难条件下的输气管道河流穿越.国外油气储运.1994,12(5):13～17
[18]范培焰,吴益泉.水平定向钻进长距离穿越问题浅析.非开挖技术,2002(2-3):41～42
[19]高俊凯,陈国彬.全国主要江河油气管道穿跨越工程资料汇编.北京:石油工程出版社,1992.3
[20]赵林,冯启民.埋地管线有限元建模方法研究.地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2): 53～57.
[21]王歇成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[22]张朝晖.ANSYS工程应用范例入门与提高.清华大学出版社,2006
[23]黄清酞.地下管道计算,湖北科学技术出版社,1991
[24]李占军,刘树堂,彭雅轩.管一土相互作用的有限元分析.东北电力学院学报.1996,16(2):28～37
[25]任艳荣,刘玉标.多孔弹性海床上的管土相互作用数值模拟.中国海洋平台,2004,19(5):15～19
[26]龚爱民,傅蜀燕,黄海燕.ANSYS软件在分析地下埋管工程中的应用.安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,12(50):51～55
[27]Shiro Takada, Jian一WenLiang, Teng yuan Li. Shell-model Response of Buried Pipeline to Large Fault Movements. Journal of Struetural Engineering JSCE, 1998
[28]Lasheen, A.Polak M.A. HDD Loads Imposed On A Pipe. No-dig,2001
[29]Franeeseo Calvetti, Claudio di Priseo, Rober to Nova. Experimental and Numerieal Analysis of soil-pipe PIPe Interaetion. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, DECEMBER 2004:1292～1299
[30]Chuang P, Smith D.L. Elastie analysis of submarine pipelines. J.Struet.Eng, 1992,118,90～107
[31]邵蕴秋.ANSYSS有限元分析实例导航.中国铁道出版社,2004.
[32]黄清酞.地下管道计算.湖北科学技术出版社,1991.
[33]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[34]Torstenfelt B.Contact problems with fiction on general purpose finite element computer programs. Computers and Struetures, 1983,16:487～493.
[35]Yun Mook Lim, Moon Kyum, Kim Tae Wook Kimete. the Behavior Analysis of Buried Pipeline: Considering Longitudinal Permanent Ground Deformation. PiPelines 2001 International Conferenee, San Diego,California, USA, 2001:1～11
[36]刘全林,杨敏.埋地管与土相互作用分析模型及其参数确定.岩土力学,2004,26(5):728～731
[37]周长城,胡仁喜.Ansys11.0基础与典型范例.北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[38]孙超.ANSYS软件在非开挖铺设给排水管道中的应用研究:[学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004
[39]孙瑞锋.城市地下管道非开挖技术的岩土力学研究:[学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2005
[40]屈智炯.土的塑性力学.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987
[41]徐秉业,刘信声.《弹塑性力学》.北京:清华大学出版社,2001。
[42]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理.北京:地质出版社,1994
[43]马锐.非线性有限元法在海底管道铺设中的应用:[学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2007
[44]张朝晖.ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[45]卢延浩.土力学.南京:河海大学出版社,2002
[46]鄢泰宁.岩土钻掘工程学.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001
[47]姚爱国,马明.岩土工程钻进原理.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2004
[2]颜纯文,D.Stein .非开挖地下管线施工技术及其应用.北京:地震出版社,1999
[3]Najafi, Rasis, Gokhale. An overview of common methods in trenchless technology. Construction and Materials Issues, 2001. 133～144
[4]窦斌,蒋国盛.我国非开挖施工技术的发展概况及差距.岩土工程界,2004(4):4～5
[5]王鹏,张伟.中国非开挖地下管线施工市场潜力技术现状和发展趋势.地质与勘探.2005(3):16～18
[6]何宜章.我国非开挖行业发展概况.非开放技术.2005.03
[7]高丽萍.国内外管道工程技术调研报告,中国石油天然气集团公司信息研究所,2003
[8]冯兴法,朱晓赞,等.典型河相地质条件下非开挖,非开挖技术,2007(4)
[9]陈劲,胡郁乐,等.卵砾层中的非开挖铺管技术煤田地质与勘探,2003(6):62～64
[10]柳金海.不良条件管道工程设计与施工手册.北京:中国物价出版社,1992.
[11]范培焰,吴益泉.水平定向钻进长距离穿越问题浅析.非开挖技术,2002(2-3):41～42
[12]樊腊生.西部地区复杂地层非开挖钻进铺管新技术.探矿工程,2003(增刊):32
[13]王银献,刘国伟,等.非开挖导向钻进铺管技术穿越含砂卵砾石河流的施工实践.地质与勘探,2002(5):24～29
[14]王学贞.水平导向钻机在第四系粘土质地层中长距离非开挖铺管的应用.地下工程,2003(6)
[15] Maria Anna Polak, Afdal Lasheen. Mechanical modeling for pipes in horizontal drilling . Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2002 vol.16
[16] A.J.van Seters. Research For Horizontal Directional Drilling And Micro -tunnels. No-Dig Internatoin,2002.6
[17]刘甫亚.困难条件下的输气管道河流穿越.国外油气储运.1994,12(5):13～17
[18]范培焰,吴益泉.水平定向钻进长距离穿越问题浅析.非开挖技术,2002(2-3):41～42
[19]高俊凯,陈国彬.全国主要江河油气管道穿跨越工程资料汇编.北京:石油工程出版社,1992.3
[20]赵林,冯启民.埋地管线有限元建模方法研究.地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2): 53～57.
[21]王歇成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[22]张朝晖.ANSYS工程应用范例入门与提高.清华大学出版社,2006
[23]黄清酞.地下管道计算,湖北科学技术出版社,1991
[24]李占军,刘树堂,彭雅轩.管一土相互作用的有限元分析.东北电力学院学报.1996,16(2):28～37
[25]任艳荣,刘玉标.多孔弹性海床上的管土相互作用数值模拟.中国海洋平台,2004,19(5):15～19
[26]龚爱民,傅蜀燕,黄海燕.ANSYS软件在分析地下埋管工程中的应用.安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,12(50):51～55
[27]Shiro Takada, Jian一WenLiang, Teng yuan Li. Shell-model Response of Buried Pipeline to Large Fault Movements. Journal of Struetural Engineering JSCE, 1998
[28]Lasheen, A.Polak M.A. HDD Loads Imposed On A Pipe. No-dig,2001
[29]Franeeseo Calvetti, Claudio di Priseo, Rober to Nova. Experimental and Numerieal Analysis of soil-pipe PIPe Interaetion. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, DECEMBER 2004:1292～1299
[30]Chuang P, Smith D.L. Elastie analysis of submarine pipelines. J.Struet.Eng, 1992,118,90～107
[31]邵蕴秋.ANSYSS有限元分析实例导航.中国铁道出版社,2004.
[32]黄清酞.地下管道计算.湖北科学技术出版社,1991.
[33]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[34]Torstenfelt B.Contact problems with fiction on general purpose finite element computer programs. Computers and Struetures, 1983,16:487～493.
[35]Yun Mook Lim, Moon Kyum, Kim Tae Wook Kimete. the Behavior Analysis of Buried Pipeline: Considering Longitudinal Permanent Ground Deformation. PiPelines 2001 International Conferenee, San Diego,California, USA, 2001:1～11
[36]刘全林,杨敏.埋地管与土相互作用分析模型及其参数确定.岩土力学,2004,26(5):728～731
[37]周长城,胡仁喜.Ansys11.0基础与典型范例.北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[38]孙超.ANSYS软件在非开挖铺设给排水管道中的应用研究:[学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004
[39]孙瑞锋.城市地下管道非开挖技术的岩土力学研究:[学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2005
[40]屈智炯.土的塑性力学.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987
[41]徐秉业,刘信声.《弹塑性力学》.北京:清华大学出版社,2001。
[42]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理.北京:地质出版社,1994
[43]马锐.非线性有限元法在海底管道铺设中的应用:[学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2007
[44]张朝晖.ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[45]卢延浩.土力学.南京:河海大学出版社,2002
[46]鄢泰宁.岩土钻掘工程学.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001
[47]姚爱国,马明.岩土工程钻进原理.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2004