城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的构建与效益研究
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摘要
随着城市规模的不断扩大和城市人口的日益增多,垃圾围城现象日益严重,城市生活垃圾的科学处置已迫在眉睫。本文在循环经济理念的指导下,在对国内外文献进行系统的分析与评述基础上,采用系统分析、定性与定量分析以及规范与实证研究结合的研究方法,重点对城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统(Municipal Solid Waste Multi-recycle Treatment System,即MSWMRTS,下同)的构建及其效益进行了研究。本文主要进行了以下研究工作。
本文依据循环经济基本原理以及城市生活垃圾处置的规律,界定了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的概念,明确了本文研究对象和研究范围。分析了城市生活垃圾处置系统中的效益,阐述了效益与效用的区别。分析了城市生活垃圾传统处置方式和现存系统存在的弊端,指出了建立城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的必要性和可行性。通过研究,从多循环处置系统的内动力和外推力角度,分析了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的形成机理,指出了该系统运行的七个特征。
论证了生活垃圾产生量与垃圾处置系统选择的关系,在分析影响垃圾产生因素的基础上,采用多元回归分析法,建立了垃圾产生量预测模型。根据城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的运行特征,提出了构建该系统的目标和原则,按照城市规模和垃圾产生量,设计了不同层次的城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统,并分别从技术、组织、人才、法律等几个方面提出了保障措施。分析了焚烧处置方式的利弊,指出了解决焚烧方式易引起大气污染的措施是实施良好的垃圾源头分类。
界定了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的无形效益内涵,对其按系统内无形效益和系统外无形效益进行了划分,并分析了该系统运行的驱动力。根据投入产出原理,通过引入平衡项,构造了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统内部效益投入产出表。根据MSWMRTS运行特点,构建了MSWMRTS内部效益产出的评价模型,证明了MSWMRTS内部具有良好的“低投入高产出”特性。
提出了建立MSWMRTS外部无形效益评价指标体系的原则,根据城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的形成机理,设计了MSWMRTS外部无形效益评价指标体系,并通过问卷调查进行了指标体系结构的修正。通过AHP法(即层次分析法)确定了指标权重,利用模糊综合评价法,建立了MSWMRTS的外部无形效益评价模型,并进行了模拟演练以验证模型的科学性。
分析了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统无形效益的表现形式,并依据无形效益的传递原理,给出了MSWMRTS无形效益近似计算公式。
以北京市城市生活垃圾处置系统为例,通过分析判断,该系统属于MSWMRTS的一种,并对系统内外部无形效益进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,本文所提出的方法是科学合理的、可行的。
It is getting serious for waste enclosing city phenomenon accompany by extending the cities scope and increasing the cities population. The scientific disposal questions of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) must be overcame. The main purpose of this paper is to design a whole appraise model of the Municipal Solid Waste Multi-recycle Treatment System (MSWMRTS) and its output of the benefit with the research methods of the system analysis, the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, standardized test analysis vs. verification of the actual, which base on the theory of recycle economics and after studying and analyzing comprehensive domestic and abroad. The main research work of this paper is as follows:
The paper has made the definition of MSWMRTS and has confirmed the research object and limits under the basic theory of recycling economy and disposal regular of MSW. It analyzed the benefits in system of MSW and expounded the different between the benefits and effectiveness. Based on the analysis of the traditional disposal way and the abuse of present disposal system, the paper have put out the necessity and feasibility of establishing the MSWMRTS. From the angles of inside motive power and outside thrust of MSWMRTS, the paper analyzed its form mechanism and pointed out its seven characteristics when the system works.
It has expounded and proved the relation of production of MSW and its disposal system selection. After analyzing the influent factors of the MSW production, it has set up the forecast model of MSW production using by Multiple Regression Analysis Method. According to the MSWMRTS’s characteristics, the paper put out the objective and rules of establishing the system. On the basis of the city scale and MSW production, it has designed some different MSWMRTS, and has posed ensure measurement from technology, organization, skilled persons and laws. It has distinguished the advantages and disadvantaged of incineration, to take a good source classify of MSW is the best method to solve the air pollution by incineration.
The connotation of intangible benefit of MSWMRTS has been cleared in the paper and has been classified into two groups: inside and outside intangible benefit, further more the paper has analyzed the motive power of MSWMRTS from the angle of economics. In the light of input-output theory, the paper has built the input-output table of inside intangible benefit of MSWMRTS through by introducing balance item. As the characteristic of MSWMRTS, the evaluation model of inside intangible benefit of MSWMRTS has been built, which proving the inside of the MSWMRTS has good at“lower input, higher output”.
The rules of outside intangible benefit index system of MSWMRTS have been made. The paper has designed the outside intangible benefit index system of MSWMRTS according to its form mechanism. And the structure of index system has been corrected through by Questionnaires. Using the AHP to fix the weight of index, and the paper has built the evaluation model of outside intangible benefit MSWMRTS with the method of the fuzzy comprehensive appraisal. In order to test and verify the science of model, the paper has to imitate the drill.
The expression form of intangible benefit of MSWMRTS has been analyzed. The paper has put forward the calculation formula of MSWMRTS based on its transmission principle.
Using the MSW disposal system of Beijing as an example, this paper has taken an empirical research of the inside and outside intangible benefit of its system, and made the judgment that the system is one of MSWMRTS. The outcome indicates that the method is scientific and feasible.
本文依据循环经济基本原理以及城市生活垃圾处置的规律,界定了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的概念,明确了本文研究对象和研究范围。分析了城市生活垃圾处置系统中的效益,阐述了效益与效用的区别。分析了城市生活垃圾传统处置方式和现存系统存在的弊端,指出了建立城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的必要性和可行性。通过研究,从多循环处置系统的内动力和外推力角度,分析了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的形成机理,指出了该系统运行的七个特征。
论证了生活垃圾产生量与垃圾处置系统选择的关系,在分析影响垃圾产生因素的基础上,采用多元回归分析法,建立了垃圾产生量预测模型。根据城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的运行特征,提出了构建该系统的目标和原则,按照城市规模和垃圾产生量,设计了不同层次的城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统,并分别从技术、组织、人才、法律等几个方面提出了保障措施。分析了焚烧处置方式的利弊,指出了解决焚烧方式易引起大气污染的措施是实施良好的垃圾源头分类。
界定了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的无形效益内涵,对其按系统内无形效益和系统外无形效益进行了划分,并分析了该系统运行的驱动力。根据投入产出原理,通过引入平衡项,构造了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统内部效益投入产出表。根据MSWMRTS运行特点,构建了MSWMRTS内部效益产出的评价模型,证明了MSWMRTS内部具有良好的“低投入高产出”特性。
提出了建立MSWMRTS外部无形效益评价指标体系的原则,根据城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统的形成机理,设计了MSWMRTS外部无形效益评价指标体系,并通过问卷调查进行了指标体系结构的修正。通过AHP法(即层次分析法)确定了指标权重,利用模糊综合评价法,建立了MSWMRTS的外部无形效益评价模型,并进行了模拟演练以验证模型的科学性。
分析了城市生活垃圾多循环处置系统无形效益的表现形式,并依据无形效益的传递原理,给出了MSWMRTS无形效益近似计算公式。
以北京市城市生活垃圾处置系统为例,通过分析判断,该系统属于MSWMRTS的一种,并对系统内外部无形效益进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,本文所提出的方法是科学合理的、可行的。
It is getting serious for waste enclosing city phenomenon accompany by extending the cities scope and increasing the cities population. The scientific disposal questions of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) must be overcame. The main purpose of this paper is to design a whole appraise model of the Municipal Solid Waste Multi-recycle Treatment System (MSWMRTS) and its output of the benefit with the research methods of the system analysis, the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, standardized test analysis vs. verification of the actual, which base on the theory of recycle economics and after studying and analyzing comprehensive domestic and abroad. The main research work of this paper is as follows:
The paper has made the definition of MSWMRTS and has confirmed the research object and limits under the basic theory of recycling economy and disposal regular of MSW. It analyzed the benefits in system of MSW and expounded the different between the benefits and effectiveness. Based on the analysis of the traditional disposal way and the abuse of present disposal system, the paper have put out the necessity and feasibility of establishing the MSWMRTS. From the angles of inside motive power and outside thrust of MSWMRTS, the paper analyzed its form mechanism and pointed out its seven characteristics when the system works.
It has expounded and proved the relation of production of MSW and its disposal system selection. After analyzing the influent factors of the MSW production, it has set up the forecast model of MSW production using by Multiple Regression Analysis Method. According to the MSWMRTS’s characteristics, the paper put out the objective and rules of establishing the system. On the basis of the city scale and MSW production, it has designed some different MSWMRTS, and has posed ensure measurement from technology, organization, skilled persons and laws. It has distinguished the advantages and disadvantaged of incineration, to take a good source classify of MSW is the best method to solve the air pollution by incineration.
The connotation of intangible benefit of MSWMRTS has been cleared in the paper and has been classified into two groups: inside and outside intangible benefit, further more the paper has analyzed the motive power of MSWMRTS from the angle of economics. In the light of input-output theory, the paper has built the input-output table of inside intangible benefit of MSWMRTS through by introducing balance item. As the characteristic of MSWMRTS, the evaluation model of inside intangible benefit of MSWMRTS has been built, which proving the inside of the MSWMRTS has good at“lower input, higher output”.
The rules of outside intangible benefit index system of MSWMRTS have been made. The paper has designed the outside intangible benefit index system of MSWMRTS according to its form mechanism. And the structure of index system has been corrected through by Questionnaires. Using the AHP to fix the weight of index, and the paper has built the evaluation model of outside intangible benefit MSWMRTS with the method of the fuzzy comprehensive appraisal. In order to test and verify the science of model, the paper has to imitate the drill.
The expression form of intangible benefit of MSWMRTS has been analyzed. The paper has put forward the calculation formula of MSWMRTS based on its transmission principle.
Using the MSW disposal system of Beijing as an example, this paper has taken an empirical research of the inside and outside intangible benefit of its system, and made the judgment that the system is one of MSWMRTS. The outcome indicates that the method is scientific and feasible.
引文
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