当代美国爱国主义教育对我国思想政治教育的启示
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摘要
爱国主义及爱国主义教育历年来都是世界各国在道德教育方面的重要内容之一。中国的历史源远流长，有着丰富的国家历史文物遗产，形成了较早的爱国主义文化意识形态，给我们今天的爱国主义教育提供了丰富的理论基础和实践的经验。美国作为当今世界上第一号强国，仅具有200多年历史，但其在经济、政治、军事都走在世界的前列。虽然中国与美国的政治体制、社会体制及文化体制都不同，但是两个国家在对爱国主义教育的重视程度上都是一致的，它没有像我们国家几千百年的悠久历史，但是其爱国主义教育在整个国家中的巨大影响更值得我们探究。
本人2009年6月至2011年6月在美国纽约市上西区勤工俭学。本文结合自己在美国纽约市参与的社会实践活动和所见所闻对美国爱国主义教育的现状及启示进行了深入地探讨。透析纽约市的爱国主义教育活动，可以清晰地看到美国的爱国主义教育在目标、内容、途经等方面具有许多鲜明的特点。我国的爱国主义教育可以从中得到许多有益启迪：构建家庭、学校、社会相结合的教育体系，显性教育和隐形教育相结合互为补充，在环境的熏陶、感化和影响下增强爱国主义教育的合力；重视大众传媒的作用，通过以报刊、杂志等传统的传媒手段和以网络、电视等新兴的媒介传播相结合进行爱国主义教育，来扩大爱国主义教育的受众群体；充分发挥山姆大叔、历任总统等榜样力量，提升爱国主义教育的境界；加强社会科学教育，提升爱国主义教育的理性；利用现代信息网络科学技术，占领爱国主义教育的新阵地；发掘社会性教育途径，拓展爱国主义教育的空间；突出爱国主义教育主题，凝练和践行中国精神。
Patriotism and patriotic education has always been an important part of the worldin the moral education. China is a long history and rich cultural heritage of country,which patriotism cultural patterns formed earlier. It also has a wealth of theoreticalachievements and practical role model, which is a great asset for today's China. TheUnited States is a very young country in the world. However, it created brilliantachievements in the short span of200years of history. The United States is the mostdeveloped economies in the world's most powerful military strength and politicalstatus in the world is extremely significant. Although the political system, socialsystem and cultural system of China and the U.S. are different from each other, butthese two countries are consistent with the emphasis on patriotic education. TheUnited States as the first number of the power in the world today, it does not like thehistory of our country has thousands of centuries, but the huge impact of patrioticeducation in the country as a whole we should explore. This article is from the macroup study of U.S. education in patriotism, especially in terms of the concept ofpatriotism and the characteristics of the patriotic education.
From June2009to June2011, I was a student in the work–study program in NewYork city. According to what I saw and heard to discussion on the status of educationin patriotism and revelation in this paper. You can clearly see the patriotic education inthe United States in terms of objectives and content by dialysis patriotic educationactivities in New York City. China's patriotic education can gain a lot of usefulenlightenment to build the school of community which combining education systemand enhance the joint force of patriotic education. Great importance of the role ofmass media is that expand the audience of patriotic education or play an example ofthe power to enhance the education in strengthen social science education forimproving the rationality of patriotic education.
本人2009年6月至2011年6月在美国纽约市上西区勤工俭学。本文结合自己在美国纽约市参与的社会实践活动和所见所闻对美国爱国主义教育的现状及启示进行了深入地探讨。透析纽约市的爱国主义教育活动，可以清晰地看到美国的爱国主义教育在目标、内容、途经等方面具有许多鲜明的特点。我国的爱国主义教育可以从中得到许多有益启迪：构建家庭、学校、社会相结合的教育体系，显性教育和隐形教育相结合互为补充，在环境的熏陶、感化和影响下增强爱国主义教育的合力；重视大众传媒的作用，通过以报刊、杂志等传统的传媒手段和以网络、电视等新兴的媒介传播相结合进行爱国主义教育，来扩大爱国主义教育的受众群体；充分发挥山姆大叔、历任总统等榜样力量，提升爱国主义教育的境界；加强社会科学教育，提升爱国主义教育的理性；利用现代信息网络科学技术，占领爱国主义教育的新阵地；发掘社会性教育途径，拓展爱国主义教育的空间；突出爱国主义教育主题，凝练和践行中国精神。
Patriotism and patriotic education has always been an important part of the worldin the moral education. China is a long history and rich cultural heritage of country,which patriotism cultural patterns formed earlier. It also has a wealth of theoreticalachievements and practical role model, which is a great asset for today's China. TheUnited States is a very young country in the world. However, it created brilliantachievements in the short span of200years of history. The United States is the mostdeveloped economies in the world's most powerful military strength and politicalstatus in the world is extremely significant. Although the political system, socialsystem and cultural system of China and the U.S. are different from each other, butthese two countries are consistent with the emphasis on patriotic education. TheUnited States as the first number of the power in the world today, it does not like thehistory of our country has thousands of centuries, but the huge impact of patrioticeducation in the country as a whole we should explore. This article is from the macroup study of U.S. education in patriotism, especially in terms of the concept ofpatriotism and the characteristics of the patriotic education.
From June2009to June2011, I was a student in the work–study program in NewYork city. According to what I saw and heard to discussion on the status of educationin patriotism and revelation in this paper. You can clearly see the patriotic education inthe United States in terms of objectives and content by dialysis patriotic educationactivities in New York City. China's patriotic education can gain a lot of usefulenlightenment to build the school of community which combining education systemand enhance the joint force of patriotic education. Great importance of the role ofmass media is that expand the audience of patriotic education or play an example ofthe power to enhance the education in strengthen social science education forimproving the rationality of patriotic education.
引文
1唐霞.中美爱国主义教育现状比较研究.中共中央党校博士论文,2009
2朱永康.中外学校道德教育比较研究.福建教育出版社,1998,09.
3冯文艳.中华近代爱国主义精神通览.东南大学出版社[J].1999.
4陈洪涛.当代思想理论教育前沿问题纵论.武汉大学出版社,2007.
5庞士让.爱国主义教育学研究.陕西人民出版社,2007.
6李萍.美国德育的特征及思考.中山大学学报[J],1994,07.
7王玄武.比较德育学.武汉大学出版社,2000.
8丘伟光,张耀灿.思想政治教育学原理.高等教育出版社,1999.
9王泽应.论中华民族爱国主义的基本特征.求索[J]，2000,04.
10董小燕.当代美国学校德育的进程特点及启示，外国教育研究.1997,03.
[1]唐霞.中美爱国主义教育现状比较研究.中共中央党校博士论文,2009
[2]朱永康.中外学校道德教育比较研究.福建教育出版社,1998,09.
[3]冯文艳.中华近代爱国主义精神通览.东南大学出版社[J].1999.
[4]陈洪涛.当代思想理论教育前沿问题纵论.武汉大学出版社,2007.
[5]庞士让.爱国主义教育学研究.陕西人民出版社,2007.
[6]李萍.美国德育的特征及思考.中山大学学报[J],1994,07.
[7]丘伟光,张耀灿.思想政治教育学原理.高等教育出版社,1999.
[8]王玄武.比较德育学.武汉大学出版社,2000.
[9]王泽应.论中华民族爱国主义的基本特征.求索[J]，2000,04.
[10]董小燕.当代美国学校德育的进程特点及启示，外国教育研究.1997,03.
[11]孙志毅.关于爱国主义的断想.内蒙古教育[M].1995,03.
[12]王瑞逊.比较思想政治教育学.高等教育出版社,2001,12.
[13]徐家文.爱国主义与社会主义.中国科学技术大学出版社,1992.
[14]戴艳军,查国伟.美国高校教育实践对中国高校德育教育工作的启示.1994,05.
[15]陈俊珂.美国大学德育的途径与方法.比较教育研究[J].1999,01.
[16]姚云云,刘金良.美国思想政治教育借鉴分析.继续教育研究[M].2003,06.
[17]顾海根,梅仲逊.爱国情感教育心理学研究[M].北京语言文化出版社，1999.
[18]王克千,吴宗英.价值观与中华民族凝聚力[M].上海人民出版社，2001.
[19]李安.美式教育成功之迷[M].呼和浩特，内蒙古出版社，2001.
[20]邵纯.爱国主义理论的几个问题[J].实事求是，1995.
[21]朱世达.当代美国文化与社会[M].中国社会科学出版社，2001.
[22]郑永廷.思想政治教育方法论.高等教育出版社，1999.
[23]浦卫忠.爱国主义与民族精神.社会科学文献出版社，2000.
[24]杨福庚.美国高校德育的内容及其启示.高等教育研究，1997.
[25]李彩英.美国学校道德教育初探.首都师范大学学报，1998.
[26]徐宇清.当代美国高校德育的历史沿革探析.黑龙江高教研究，2001.
[27]王玄武,骆郁廷,思想教育、政治教育、道德教育比较研究.武汉大学出版
[28]鄂杨.弘扬理性爱国主义，瞭望[M].2005,07.
[29]曹延汹.爱国主义与爱国主义教育.载山西大学文化素质网，2005，07.
[30]陈丽.浅论忧患意识与爱国主义精神.新疆社会经济，1996，04.
[31]陈哲夫,江荣海.现代中国政治思想流派.当代出版社，1999.
[32]彭萍萍.民族主义研究综述.当代世界和社会主义，2003，01.
[33]沈壮海.思想政治教育有效性研究.武汉大学出版社，2001，09.
[34] Axford Barrie. The Global System: Economics Politics and Culture. Cambridge Polity Press,1995,
[35] Changwoo Jeong and Ronald L.Van Sickle. Moral Education In The Context of Globalizationand Multiculturalis. International Social Studies Forum,2003,3.
[36] John Sullivan. American Identity Crisis, National Review, vol.46,issue22,Nov.21
[37]Michael Lind. The Next American Nation.The New Nationalism and the Fourth AmericanRevolution. The Free Press,1995,
[38]Thomas H.Johnson. The Oxford Companion to American History. New York, HarfordUniversity Press
[39] Jones,Henry Arthur:Patriotism and Popular Education New York: E.P. Dutton&Company,1920,110(2):353～377.
[40] Jencks Christopher: Inequality of A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling inAmerica. New York, Basic Books,1972
[41] Sewell William H:Inequality of Opportunity for Higher Education. American SociologicalReview,36,1971
[42] Lawrence.A.Cremin,American Education, The National Experience,1783-1876
[43] Patriot Games, John Fetto. American Demographics. July2000
[44]Cecilia Elizabeth O’ Leary. To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism.Princeton:Princeton University Press.1999.
[45] Primotatz, I, ed. Patriotism.Amherst,NY:Humanity Books,2002.
[46] Kohn,Hans. Nationalism:Its Meaning and History.Princeton,NJ:Van Nostrand,1955.
[47]Lipset,Seymour Martin. American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. NewYork:W.W.Norton,1996:168～180.
[48] Mark E.Warren ed, Democracy and Trust. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999.
[49]Michener,Roger,ed. Nationality,Patriotism and Nationalism in Liberal DemocraticSocieties:Paragon House,1993
[50] Viroli,Maurizio. For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995
2朱永康.中外学校道德教育比较研究.福建教育出版社,1998,09.
3冯文艳.中华近代爱国主义精神通览.东南大学出版社[J].1999.
4陈洪涛.当代思想理论教育前沿问题纵论.武汉大学出版社,2007.
5庞士让.爱国主义教育学研究.陕西人民出版社,2007.
6李萍.美国德育的特征及思考.中山大学学报[J],1994,07.
7王玄武.比较德育学.武汉大学出版社,2000.
8丘伟光,张耀灿.思想政治教育学原理.高等教育出版社,1999.
9王泽应.论中华民族爱国主义的基本特征.求索[J]，2000,04.
10董小燕.当代美国学校德育的进程特点及启示，外国教育研究.1997,03.
[1]唐霞.中美爱国主义教育现状比较研究.中共中央党校博士论文,2009
[2]朱永康.中外学校道德教育比较研究.福建教育出版社,1998,09.
[3]冯文艳.中华近代爱国主义精神通览.东南大学出版社[J].1999.
[4]陈洪涛.当代思想理论教育前沿问题纵论.武汉大学出版社,2007.
[5]庞士让.爱国主义教育学研究.陕西人民出版社,2007.
[6]李萍.美国德育的特征及思考.中山大学学报[J],1994,07.
[7]丘伟光,张耀灿.思想政治教育学原理.高等教育出版社,1999.
[8]王玄武.比较德育学.武汉大学出版社,2000.
[9]王泽应.论中华民族爱国主义的基本特征.求索[J]，2000,04.
[10]董小燕.当代美国学校德育的进程特点及启示，外国教育研究.1997,03.
[11]孙志毅.关于爱国主义的断想.内蒙古教育[M].1995,03.
[12]王瑞逊.比较思想政治教育学.高等教育出版社,2001,12.
[13]徐家文.爱国主义与社会主义.中国科学技术大学出版社,1992.
[14]戴艳军,查国伟.美国高校教育实践对中国高校德育教育工作的启示.1994,05.
[15]陈俊珂.美国大学德育的途径与方法.比较教育研究[J].1999,01.
[16]姚云云,刘金良.美国思想政治教育借鉴分析.继续教育研究[M].2003,06.
[17]顾海根,梅仲逊.爱国情感教育心理学研究[M].北京语言文化出版社，1999.
[18]王克千,吴宗英.价值观与中华民族凝聚力[M].上海人民出版社，2001.
[19]李安.美式教育成功之迷[M].呼和浩特，内蒙古出版社，2001.
[20]邵纯.爱国主义理论的几个问题[J].实事求是，1995.
[21]朱世达.当代美国文化与社会[M].中国社会科学出版社，2001.
[22]郑永廷.思想政治教育方法论.高等教育出版社，1999.
[23]浦卫忠.爱国主义与民族精神.社会科学文献出版社，2000.
[24]杨福庚.美国高校德育的内容及其启示.高等教育研究，1997.
[25]李彩英.美国学校道德教育初探.首都师范大学学报，1998.
[26]徐宇清.当代美国高校德育的历史沿革探析.黑龙江高教研究，2001.
[27]王玄武,骆郁廷,思想教育、政治教育、道德教育比较研究.武汉大学出版
[28]鄂杨.弘扬理性爱国主义，瞭望[M].2005,07.
[29]曹延汹.爱国主义与爱国主义教育.载山西大学文化素质网，2005，07.
[30]陈丽.浅论忧患意识与爱国主义精神.新疆社会经济，1996，04.
[31]陈哲夫,江荣海.现代中国政治思想流派.当代出版社，1999.
[32]彭萍萍.民族主义研究综述.当代世界和社会主义，2003，01.
[33]沈壮海.思想政治教育有效性研究.武汉大学出版社，2001，09.
[34] Axford Barrie. The Global System: Economics Politics and Culture. Cambridge Polity Press,1995,
[35] Changwoo Jeong and Ronald L.Van Sickle. Moral Education In The Context of Globalizationand Multiculturalis. International Social Studies Forum,2003,3.
[36] John Sullivan. American Identity Crisis, National Review, vol.46,issue22,Nov.21
[37]Michael Lind. The Next American Nation.The New Nationalism and the Fourth AmericanRevolution. The Free Press,1995,
[38]Thomas H.Johnson. The Oxford Companion to American History. New York, HarfordUniversity Press
[39] Jones,Henry Arthur:Patriotism and Popular Education New York: E.P. Dutton&Company,1920,110(2):353～377.
[40] Jencks Christopher: Inequality of A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling inAmerica. New York, Basic Books,1972
[41] Sewell William H:Inequality of Opportunity for Higher Education. American SociologicalReview,36,1971
[42] Lawrence.A.Cremin,American Education, The National Experience,1783-1876
[43] Patriot Games, John Fetto. American Demographics. July2000
[44]Cecilia Elizabeth O’ Leary. To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism.Princeton:Princeton University Press.1999.
[45] Primotatz, I, ed. Patriotism.Amherst,NY:Humanity Books,2002.
[46] Kohn,Hans. Nationalism:Its Meaning and History.Princeton,NJ:Van Nostrand,1955.
[47]Lipset,Seymour Martin. American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. NewYork:W.W.Norton,1996:168～180.
[48] Mark E.Warren ed, Democracy and Trust. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999.
[49]Michener,Roger,ed. Nationality,Patriotism and Nationalism in Liberal DemocraticSocieties:Paragon House,1993
[50] Viroli,Maurizio. For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995