后危机时代的贸易保护主义分析
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摘要
在国际贸易的发展历程中，贸易保护和自由贸易两股力量一直交替占据主导地位，此消彼长。从理论上看，自由贸易是一种双赢的贸易机制，也是世界各国一直倡导的发展趋势，但是各个国家还是或多或少地采取一定的贸易保护措施。20世纪90年代以后，随着经济全球化进程的不断深化，各个国家间的经贸联系日益紧密，贸易规模和领域也不断扩大，世界经济形成了全球性的经济整体，越来越多的国家参与进来，通过国际分工与国际贸易赢得更多的经济利益，促进本国经济发展的同时，也促进了全球经济的迅速发展。2008年全球金融危机爆发，并迅速渗透到实体经济，世界各国尤其是发达国家经济受到重创，企业纷纷破产，就业形势严峻，经济陷入衰退，社会动荡不安。在各国政府出台的一系列经济刺激政策的作用下，时至2009年，世界经济已在一定范围内开始呈现复苏回暖的迹象，全球经济步入后危机时代。在这个特殊的时期，为了抵御经济危机的后续影响、重振本国经济，各国政府对本国的对外经贸领域加大了干预力度，推出了各种贸易限制措施，贸易保护主义有所抬头。本文对后危机时代的贸易保护主义进行了尽可能全面的分析，在此基础上总结其对我国经济造成的不利影响，并针对这些不利影响提出一系列的应对措施，以期使我国经济状况有所改善。
本文内容分为五个部分。
第一章为绪论，简要介绍了研究背景，指出了研究的主要问题和意义，并对目前为止的相关研究进行整理、总结和简评，最后给出本文的研究思路。
第二章对后危机时代的贸易保护主义进行概述，交代了后危机时代和贸易保护主义的内涵，整理并介绍了当代贸易保护主义的相关理论，如新重商主义、“中心—外围”理论、战略性贸易理论等。最后总结并列举了贸易保护主义的主要手段，为文章后面的内容做基础性介绍。
第三章首先对后危机时代贸易保护主义的成因进行分析，然后从五个不同的方面总结了这一特殊时期贸易保护主义所呈现出来的新特点。
第四章对后危机时代的贸易保护主义进行利弊分析。在现实的世界经济运行状况下，贸易保护主义有其存在的合理性，也有其弊端。文章的这一部分分别从几个方面总结了其积极作用和消极作用。
第五章将后危机时代的贸易保护主义与中国的实际情况相结合，详细分析了其对中国经济产生的主要影响，进而针对这些不利影响提出了一系列的应对措施和政策建议。
In the course of the development of international trade, the two forces—trade protection and free trade—have been alternately dominated the shift. Intheory, free trade is a win-win trade mechanism, also the development trendadvocated by different countries. Still every country is more or less to take acertain amount of trade protection measures. After the1990s, with thecontinuous deepening of the process of economic globalization, the world seesincreasingly close trade and economic links between different countries,expanding trade size and the trade field. The world economy has become anglobal economic entity as a whole. More and more countries participate in andgain more economic benefits through the international division of labor andinternational trade, promoting national economic development, while alsopromoting the rapid development of the global economy. In2008, the globalfinancial crisis broke out and quickly penetrated into the real economy. Theworld, especially the developed economies, has been hit hard, with enterprisesbankrupt, grim employment situation, recession, and social unrest.Governments introduced a series of economic stimulus polices. So until2009,the world economy within a certain range is beginning to show signs ofrecovery, which means that, the global economy has entered the post-crisisera. In this special period, in order to resist the follow-up impact of theeconomic crisis and revive their economies, governments of different countriesincreased intervention efforts on international trade fields, introduced a varietyof trade restrictions, indicating that trade protectionism is on the rise. Thispaper analyses the trade protectionism of post-crisis era as comprehensivelyas possible, summarizes its adverse impact on our economy, and proposes aseries of response measures against these adverse effects, in order to makethe economic situation in China improve.
The thesis is divided into five parts.
The first chapter is the introduction. It briefly introduces the researchbackground and points out the main issues and significance of the research. Italso organizes, summarizes and reviews the researches so far. Finally, itshows the idea of this study.
The second chapter introduces the trade protectionism of the post-crisisera. It explains the meaning of the post-crisis era and trade protectionism andsummarizes the contemporary theories of trade protectionism, such as theneo-mercantilist,"center-periphery" theory and the strategic trade theory. Atlast, it lists the primary means of trade protectionism, as a basic introduction tothe contents of the article behind.
The third chapter begins with the analysis on the causes of the tradeprotectionism of the post-crisis era. And then from five different ways, it sumsup the new features of trade protectionism presented in this special period.
The fourth chapter is the pros and cons analysis on trade protectionism ofthe post-crisis era. In the real world economic situation, trade protectionismand its existence is reasonable, but also has its drawbacks. This part of thethesis summarizes the positive and negative effects in several aspects.
The fifth Chapter combines trade protectionism of the post-crisis era withthe actual situation in China and does a detailed analysis on its main impactson the Chinese economy, and thus proposes a series of response measuresand policy recommendations against these adverse effects.
本文内容分为五个部分。
第一章为绪论，简要介绍了研究背景，指出了研究的主要问题和意义，并对目前为止的相关研究进行整理、总结和简评，最后给出本文的研究思路。
第二章对后危机时代的贸易保护主义进行概述，交代了后危机时代和贸易保护主义的内涵，整理并介绍了当代贸易保护主义的相关理论，如新重商主义、“中心—外围”理论、战略性贸易理论等。最后总结并列举了贸易保护主义的主要手段，为文章后面的内容做基础性介绍。
第三章首先对后危机时代贸易保护主义的成因进行分析，然后从五个不同的方面总结了这一特殊时期贸易保护主义所呈现出来的新特点。
第四章对后危机时代的贸易保护主义进行利弊分析。在现实的世界经济运行状况下，贸易保护主义有其存在的合理性，也有其弊端。文章的这一部分分别从几个方面总结了其积极作用和消极作用。
第五章将后危机时代的贸易保护主义与中国的实际情况相结合，详细分析了其对中国经济产生的主要影响，进而针对这些不利影响提出了一系列的应对措施和政策建议。
In the course of the development of international trade, the two forces—trade protection and free trade—have been alternately dominated the shift. Intheory, free trade is a win-win trade mechanism, also the development trendadvocated by different countries. Still every country is more or less to take acertain amount of trade protection measures. After the1990s, with thecontinuous deepening of the process of economic globalization, the world seesincreasingly close trade and economic links between different countries,expanding trade size and the trade field. The world economy has become anglobal economic entity as a whole. More and more countries participate in andgain more economic benefits through the international division of labor andinternational trade, promoting national economic development, while alsopromoting the rapid development of the global economy. In2008, the globalfinancial crisis broke out and quickly penetrated into the real economy. Theworld, especially the developed economies, has been hit hard, with enterprisesbankrupt, grim employment situation, recession, and social unrest.Governments introduced a series of economic stimulus polices. So until2009,the world economy within a certain range is beginning to show signs ofrecovery, which means that, the global economy has entered the post-crisisera. In this special period, in order to resist the follow-up impact of theeconomic crisis and revive their economies, governments of different countriesincreased intervention efforts on international trade fields, introduced a varietyof trade restrictions, indicating that trade protectionism is on the rise. Thispaper analyses the trade protectionism of post-crisis era as comprehensivelyas possible, summarizes its adverse impact on our economy, and proposes aseries of response measures against these adverse effects, in order to makethe economic situation in China improve.
The thesis is divided into five parts.
The first chapter is the introduction. It briefly introduces the researchbackground and points out the main issues and significance of the research. Italso organizes, summarizes and reviews the researches so far. Finally, itshows the idea of this study.
The second chapter introduces the trade protectionism of the post-crisisera. It explains the meaning of the post-crisis era and trade protectionism andsummarizes the contemporary theories of trade protectionism, such as theneo-mercantilist,"center-periphery" theory and the strategic trade theory. Atlast, it lists the primary means of trade protectionism, as a basic introduction tothe contents of the article behind.
The third chapter begins with the analysis on the causes of the tradeprotectionism of the post-crisis era. And then from five different ways, it sumsup the new features of trade protectionism presented in this special period.
The fourth chapter is the pros and cons analysis on trade protectionism ofthe post-crisis era. In the real world economic situation, trade protectionismand its existence is reasonable, but also has its drawbacks. This part of thethesis summarizes the positive and negative effects in several aspects.
The fifth Chapter combines trade protectionism of the post-crisis era withthe actual situation in China and does a detailed analysis on its main impactson the Chinese economy, and thus proposes a series of response measuresand policy recommendations against these adverse effects.
引文
[1]百度百科.后危机时代[EB/OL].[2011‐08‐08].http://baike.baidu.com/view/2890669.htm
[2]百度百科.贸易保护主义[EB/OL].[2011‐01‐13].http://baike.baidu.com/view/167972.htm
[3] Dominick Salvatore.国际经济学[M].朱宝宪，吴洪，俞露，译.8版.北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[4]百度百科.蓝色壁垒[EB/OL].[2010‐07‐12].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1631953.htm
[5]赵轶佳.全球化逆潮[J/OL].环球企业家，2009(3)[2009‐02‐23].http://www.qikan.com.cn/Article/hqyj/hqyj200903/hqyj20090313.html
[6]姚兰.2010纺织贸易保护—“子弹”纷飞的一年[EB/OL].[2011-2-16].http://www.cinn.cn/wzgk/cyl/226374.shtml
[7]翁阳，贾靖峰.华建敏：加入WTO十年中国遭遇贸易摩擦增多[EB/OL].[2011‐03‐01].http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2011/03‐01/2876209.shtml
[8]辜晓康.浅谈新贸易保护主义影响及对策[J].China’s Foreign Trade，2011(8)
[9]汪金超.后危机时代我国应对外国贸易保护主义的策略分析[J].商品与质量，2011(4):43.
[10]陶忠元.后危机时期的贸易保护主义及其应对[J].商业研究，2011(4)：148‐152
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[3] Dominick Salvatore.国际经济学[M].朱宝宪，吴洪，俞露，译.8版.北京：清华大学出版社，2004.
[4]百度百科.蓝色壁垒[EB/OL].[2010-07-12].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1631953.htm.
[5]赵轶佳.全球化逆潮[J/OL].环球企业家，2009(3)[2009-03-13].http://www.qikan.com.cn/Article/hqyj/hqyj200903/hqyj20090313.html.
[6]姚兰.2010纺织贸易保护—“子弹”纷飞的一年[EB/OL].[2011-2-16].http://www.cinn.cn/wzgk/cyl/226374.shtml.
[7]翁阳，贾靖峰.华建敏：加入WTO十年中国遭遇贸易摩擦增多
[EB/OL].[2011-03-01].http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2011/03-01/2876209.shtml.
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[2]百度百科.贸易保护主义[EB/OL].[2011‐01‐13].http://baike.baidu.com/view/167972.htm
[3] Dominick Salvatore.国际经济学[M].朱宝宪，吴洪，俞露，译.8版.北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[4]百度百科.蓝色壁垒[EB/OL].[2010‐07‐12].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1631953.htm
[5]赵轶佳.全球化逆潮[J/OL].环球企业家，2009(3)[2009‐02‐23].http://www.qikan.com.cn/Article/hqyj/hqyj200903/hqyj20090313.html
[6]姚兰.2010纺织贸易保护—“子弹”纷飞的一年[EB/OL].[2011-2-16].http://www.cinn.cn/wzgk/cyl/226374.shtml
[7]翁阳，贾靖峰.华建敏：加入WTO十年中国遭遇贸易摩擦增多[EB/OL].[2011‐03‐01].http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2011/03‐01/2876209.shtml
[8]辜晓康.浅谈新贸易保护主义影响及对策[J].China’s Foreign Trade，2011(8)
[9]汪金超.后危机时代我国应对外国贸易保护主义的策略分析[J].商品与质量，2011(4):43.
[10]陶忠元.后危机时期的贸易保护主义及其应对[J].商业研究，2011(4)：148‐152
[1]百度百科.后危机时代[EB/OL].[2011-08-08].http://baike.baidu.com/view/2890669.htm.
[2]百度百科.贸易保护主义[EB/OL].[2011-01-13].http://baike.baidu.com/view/167972.htm.
[3] Dominick Salvatore.国际经济学[M].朱宝宪，吴洪，俞露，译.8版.北京：清华大学出版社，2004.
[4]百度百科.蓝色壁垒[EB/OL].[2010-07-12].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1631953.htm.
[5]赵轶佳.全球化逆潮[J/OL].环球企业家，2009(3)[2009-03-13].http://www.qikan.com.cn/Article/hqyj/hqyj200903/hqyj20090313.html.
[6]姚兰.2010纺织贸易保护—“子弹”纷飞的一年[EB/OL].[2011-2-16].http://www.cinn.cn/wzgk/cyl/226374.shtml.
[7]翁阳，贾靖峰.华建敏：加入WTO十年中国遭遇贸易摩擦增多
[EB/OL].[2011-03-01].http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2011/03-01/2876209.shtml.
[8]辜晓康.浅谈新贸易保护主义影响及对策[J].China’s Foreign Trade，2011(8).
[9]汪金超.后危机时代我国应对外国贸易保护主义的策略分析[J].商品与质量，2011(4):43.
[10]陶忠元.后危机时期的贸易保护主义及其应对[J].商业研究，2011(4)：148-152.
[11]孙睽优.国际贸易学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社，2009.
[12]董瑾.国际贸易学[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2010.
[13]薛荣久.经济全球化下贸易保护主义的特点、危害与遏制[J].国际贸易，2009(3).
[14]白英姿，冯凯.新一轮国际贸易保护与我国外贸战略调整[J].经济纵横，2008(3).
[15]陈仙丽.从博弈论角度解读新一轮贸易保护主义[J].江苏商论,2011(4):99-108.
[16]丁宝根，闫娅.新贸易保护主义的表现及我国应对策略[J].国际商务论坛，2009(9)：29-31.
[17]葛丹.金融危机下中国如何应对贸易保护主义[EB/OL].[2009-10-22].http://www.studa.net/guojimaoyi/091022/14140348.html.
[18]刘琳.新贸易壁垒与我国应对之策[J].商场现代化，2008(8)：3.
[19]李武歌.当前国际新贸易保护主义对我国出口贸易的影响及对策分析[J].知识经济，2011(12).
[20]张军,侯瑞华.后危机时代国际贸易发展形势及对我国对外贸易的影响[J].经济问题探索,2010(7).
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