大型油轮辅锅炉系统模拟器开发
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摘要
课题选用中远集团的三十万吨大型油船作为研究对象,以中国海事局最新颁布的STCW公约马尼拉修正案为标准,运用计算机仿真技术,建立软件与硬件相结合的锅炉混合仿真系统模拟器。
根据机理建模的一般方法,首先详细分析了大型油船辅锅炉系统的结构组成和工作原理；然后以此为基础将整个辅锅炉系统进行必要的简化和子系统划分；根据不同子系统的特性,分别建立起相应的子系统仿真模型；最后再将各子模型按系统原理进行有机组合,构成锅炉系统的整体仿真模型。这样就运用集总参数分布式建模方法,建立起能够反映油船辅锅炉系统各种运行工况的动态数学模型。
在已建立的锅炉系统动态数学模型基础上,运用C#编程工具在.NETFramework框架中进行模拟器软件设计。模拟器内部的全部控制逻辑皆来源于母型船上的辅锅炉系统,操作训练的内容与实船辅锅炉系统的操作完全拟合。模拟器实现的主要功能：主从锅炉的组合选择和并联运行、汽包水位控制调节、蒸汽压力控制调节、锅炉的手动/自动启动和停炉、参数高低限报警及系统自动保护。
为了提高模拟效果,本课题设计出一套与软件相对应的模拟硬件系统。此硬件系统主要包括系统MIMIC流程控制屏和现场控制箱,涵盖油船辅锅炉系统的各主要子系统和相关设备,可以直观展示油船辅锅炉系统的工作原理和工况运行状态。
将软件系统与模拟硬件系统进行组合控制,形成一个互联的锅炉系统模拟器。本模拟器具有功能完善、真实感强及操作便捷等特点,同时软硬件独立和联合运行均可实现整个油船锅炉系统的全工况演练和操作,满足中国海事局对于现行模拟器的要求。
This paper selects300,000-ton-level VLCC of COSCO Group as the research target, uses computer simulating technology to establish a hybrid boiler simulating system with both software and hardware in accordance with the STCW78/10Manila amended Convention recently issued by Maritime Safety Administration P.R.C.
According to the law of mechanism modeling, the thesis introduces the compositions and the basic working principle of the large tanker auxiliary boiler system firstly, and then takes this as the foundation to simplify the auxiliary boiler system and to divide subsystems. After this, establish the simulating model of each subsystem according to the different characteristics of their own. The divided sub-models are then put together organically to constitute the entire boiler simulating model. Thus the lumped parameter distributed modeling approach can be used to establish a dynamic mathematical model of the tanker auxiliary boiler system to reflect a variety of operating conditions.
On the basis of the established dynamic mathematical model, using the C#programming tools of Microsoft.NET Framework to design simulator software. Internal control logic of the simulator is derived from the mother ship auxiliary boiler system, a high degree of fit is reached between the training content and the real ship. The main function to be achieved by the simulator includes the combination selection of master/slave boiler and parallel running, drum level control adjustment, steam pressure control adjustment, boiler manual/automatic start and shut down, high and low limit alarms and automatic protection of the system.
In order to improve the simulating effect, a hardware system corresponding to the software system is designed. The hardware system mainly consists of the system MIMIC panel and control boxes, covering all major subsystems and related equipments of the auxiliary boiler system, which can directly show the principle of the tanker auxiliary boiler system and the working conditions.
Software system and hardware system are combined to form an interconnected boiler system simulator in this paper. The simulator has a complete function, is more realistic and easy to operate. The system can run via the software and hardware separately or jointly. Drills and operations included in the full conditions of the boiler system can be achieved by either of the ways above, thus it can fully meet the standard of current simulator from the Maritime Safety Administration P.R.C.
根据机理建模的一般方法,首先详细分析了大型油船辅锅炉系统的结构组成和工作原理；然后以此为基础将整个辅锅炉系统进行必要的简化和子系统划分；根据不同子系统的特性,分别建立起相应的子系统仿真模型；最后再将各子模型按系统原理进行有机组合,构成锅炉系统的整体仿真模型。这样就运用集总参数分布式建模方法,建立起能够反映油船辅锅炉系统各种运行工况的动态数学模型。
在已建立的锅炉系统动态数学模型基础上,运用C#编程工具在.NETFramework框架中进行模拟器软件设计。模拟器内部的全部控制逻辑皆来源于母型船上的辅锅炉系统,操作训练的内容与实船辅锅炉系统的操作完全拟合。模拟器实现的主要功能：主从锅炉的组合选择和并联运行、汽包水位控制调节、蒸汽压力控制调节、锅炉的手动/自动启动和停炉、参数高低限报警及系统自动保护。
为了提高模拟效果,本课题设计出一套与软件相对应的模拟硬件系统。此硬件系统主要包括系统MIMIC流程控制屏和现场控制箱,涵盖油船辅锅炉系统的各主要子系统和相关设备,可以直观展示油船辅锅炉系统的工作原理和工况运行状态。
将软件系统与模拟硬件系统进行组合控制,形成一个互联的锅炉系统模拟器。本模拟器具有功能完善、真实感强及操作便捷等特点,同时软硬件独立和联合运行均可实现整个油船锅炉系统的全工况演练和操作,满足中国海事局对于现行模拟器的要求。
This paper selects300,000-ton-level VLCC of COSCO Group as the research target, uses computer simulating technology to establish a hybrid boiler simulating system with both software and hardware in accordance with the STCW78/10Manila amended Convention recently issued by Maritime Safety Administration P.R.C.
According to the law of mechanism modeling, the thesis introduces the compositions and the basic working principle of the large tanker auxiliary boiler system firstly, and then takes this as the foundation to simplify the auxiliary boiler system and to divide subsystems. After this, establish the simulating model of each subsystem according to the different characteristics of their own. The divided sub-models are then put together organically to constitute the entire boiler simulating model. Thus the lumped parameter distributed modeling approach can be used to establish a dynamic mathematical model of the tanker auxiliary boiler system to reflect a variety of operating conditions.
On the basis of the established dynamic mathematical model, using the C#programming tools of Microsoft.NET Framework to design simulator software. Internal control logic of the simulator is derived from the mother ship auxiliary boiler system, a high degree of fit is reached between the training content and the real ship. The main function to be achieved by the simulator includes the combination selection of master/slave boiler and parallel running, drum level control adjustment, steam pressure control adjustment, boiler manual/automatic start and shut down, high and low limit alarms and automatic protection of the system.
In order to improve the simulating effect, a hardware system corresponding to the software system is designed. The hardware system mainly consists of the system MIMIC panel and control boxes, covering all major subsystems and related equipments of the auxiliary boiler system, which can directly show the principle of the tanker auxiliary boiler system and the working conditions.
Software system and hardware system are combined to form an interconnected boiler system simulator in this paper. The simulator has a complete function, is more realistic and easy to operate. The system can run via the software and hardware separately or jointly. Drills and operations included in the full conditions of the boiler system can be achieved by either of the ways above, thus it can fully meet the standard of current simulator from the Maritime Safety Administration P.R.C.
引文
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[4]何志斌,张均东,林叶锦等.国内外轮机模拟器的发展及对比研究.造船技术,2007(1)：38-39.
[5]王洵等.锅炉仿真培训系统.计算机仿真,2002(3)：36-41.
[6]ALLBORG MISSIONTM D Instruction Manual. ALLBORG INDUSTRIES,2010.
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[8]林叶锦.轮机自动化,大连：大连海事大学出版社,2009.
[9]Damianos X S, Day A R, Ratcliffe M S. The development of a dynamic model to simulate boiler controls. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology,2007,28(2): 105-116.
[10]Nikolaidou D M. A distributed system simulation modeling approach [J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,2003(11):251-267.
[11]甘辉兵.大型油船燃油锅炉系统建模与仿真研究：(硕士论文).大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[12]程刚,黄素逸.船艇主锅炉模块化仿真模型.华中理工大学学报,1999,27(12)：86-88.
[13]Zhongsheng Niu, Kau-Fui V. Wong. Adaptive simulation of boiler unit performance. Energy Conversion and Management,1998,39 (13) 1383-1394.
[14]Habib M A, Ben-Mansour R, Abualhamayel H I. Thermal and emission characteristics in a tangentially fired boiler model furnace. International Journal of Energy Research, 2010,34(13):1164-1182.
[15]张腾飞,罗锐,冯文等.炉膛辐射传热数学模型及其仿真.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(10)：215-219.
[16]刘国平,单海校.船用辅锅炉燃烧控制研究.中国造船,2005,46(4)：37-40.
[17]Jones D R H. Creep failures of overheated boiler, superheater and reformer tubes. Engineering Failure Analysis.2004,11 (6):873-893.
[18]刘佳.锅炉水冷壁壁温计算及低负荷下爆管原因分析：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[19]Flynn M E,O'Malley M J. A drum boiler model for long term power system dynamic simulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.1999,14(1):209-217.
[20]黄承愁.锅炉水动力学及锅内传热,北京：机械工业出版社,1982.
[21]Adam E J, Marchetti J L. Dynamic simulation of large boilers with natural recirculation. Computers & Chemical Engineering,1999,23(8):1031-1040.
[22]宋玉文.大型船舶的蒸汽热力系统建模及仿真研究：(硕士论文).大连：华中科技大学,2007.
[23]董晓宇.热电厂锅炉给水的自动控制.中国科技博览.2010,18(3)：36-42.
[24]张亮明,夏杜鹃编.工业锅炉自动控制,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1987.
[25]张松兰.锅炉汽包水位控制系统的设计.科技情报开发与经济.2008,14(1)：18-25.
[26]赵志斌.轮机模拟器中蒸汽系统的仿真研究：(硕士论文).大连：大连海事大学,2001.
[27]de Mello F P. Boiler models for system dynamic performance studies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.1991,6(1):66-74.
[28]孙俊.船舶锅炉汽包水位及其专家PID控制系统仿真.计算机仿真,2007,4：33-38
[29]张良仪,朱勇.工业锅炉微机控制,上海：上海交通大学出版社,1991.
[30]Weijie Yue, Yongxin Liu. Boiler drum level controlled by fuzzy self-adapting PID. IEEE Computer Society,2009,2:381-384.
[31]王君荣.数字PID控制算法的研究和仿真.大众科技,2008,4：26-31.
[32]李玉春.电动调节阀增量式PID控制算法的修正.顺德职业技术学院学报,2011,9(2)：45-53.
[33]刘丹.船用锅炉智能控制：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[34]Guangjun Wang, Chenyue Zhang. General dynamic mathematical model for boiler heat-transfer surface. International Conference on Power Engineering. Shanghai:1995, 5:46-52.
[35]俞嘉虎.流体力学.北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[36]冯金红.船舶主机滑油系统的设计与实现：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2009.
[37]马量.船舶主机冷却水系统的建模与仿真：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[38]黄远东.离心通风机的性能曲线回归方程及其在气力输送风机计算机选型中的应用.流体机械,1997,25(1)：18-22.
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