冲击压实工艺和传统压实工艺在高速公路路基加固中的对比研究
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摘要
本文是在总结了传统路基压实加固方法（机械碾压法和夯实法）的加固原理、施工工艺和优缺点的基础上，以石黄高速公路衡水支线路基处理为例，通过大量的实验（现场与实验室），分别对机械碾压法、强夯法和冲击压实方法路基处理进行了研究，重点分析了冲击压实法路基处理原理、工艺过程、施工质量控制及压实遍数和压实度、其影响深度、CBR、固结度、沉降及土的微观结构之间的关系。由于原土的初重压实的特殊性，文中采用了砂井固结理论对冲压路基进行固结与沉降分析并与观测数据进行比较。
最后，从加固原理、加固效果、经济效益和技术可行性等方面对以上三种路基加固方法进行了对比分析。结果表明：一维固结沉降原理及砂井固结理论经过修正可以用于冲击压实的沉降分析；冲击压实方法结合了机械碾压法和强夯法的优点，是一种适合于高速公路路基处理的高效压实技术，在公路建设中具有广阔的应用前景，值得大面积推广。
The compact principle and construction technique of the traditional method for the subgradecompact, such as machine grinding method and tamping method, are summarized in the paper, as well as the advantage and disadvantage of the method. On the base of the above summary, Shi-Huang highway is taken as an example to research the way to deal with the subgrandecompat by amounts of experiments on site and on laboratory, which are classified by machine grinding method, tamping method and impact method. The research work consists of the compact principal, construction process, construction quality control, the compact times and the compact degree, as well as the effect depth of compact, the degree of consolidation and the microstructure relationship between the settlement and the soil. Considering the special property of soil original compact, the consolidation theory of the sand well is used to analysis the relationship between the consolidation and the settlement for the compact subgrade, which is compared with the test records.
Furthermore, the comparative analysis for the three subgrade reinforced method is made from the angles of compact principals, compact effects, economic benefit and technique feasibility, etc, the results of which show that modified 1-D consolidation-settlement principal and sand-well consolidation theory can be put into the settlement analysis of compact subgrade. The subgradecompact method, which is the perfect combination of machine grinding method and tamping method, is suitable to deal with the highway subgrade and worthwhile being extending widely for its great usage foreground in highway construction.
最后，从加固原理、加固效果、经济效益和技术可行性等方面对以上三种路基加固方法进行了对比分析。结果表明：一维固结沉降原理及砂井固结理论经过修正可以用于冲击压实的沉降分析；冲击压实方法结合了机械碾压法和强夯法的优点，是一种适合于高速公路路基处理的高效压实技术，在公路建设中具有广阔的应用前景，值得大面积推广。
The compact principle and construction technique of the traditional method for the subgradecompact, such as machine grinding method and tamping method, are summarized in the paper, as well as the advantage and disadvantage of the method. On the base of the above summary, Shi-Huang highway is taken as an example to research the way to deal with the subgrandecompat by amounts of experiments on site and on laboratory, which are classified by machine grinding method, tamping method and impact method. The research work consists of the compact principal, construction process, construction quality control, the compact times and the compact degree, as well as the effect depth of compact, the degree of consolidation and the microstructure relationship between the settlement and the soil. Considering the special property of soil original compact, the consolidation theory of the sand well is used to analysis the relationship between the consolidation and the settlement for the compact subgrade, which is compared with the test records.
Furthermore, the comparative analysis for the three subgrade reinforced method is made from the angles of compact principals, compact effects, economic benefit and technique feasibility, etc, the results of which show that modified 1-D consolidation-settlement principal and sand-well consolidation theory can be put into the settlement analysis of compact subgrade. The subgradecompact method, which is the perfect combination of machine grinding method and tamping method, is suitable to deal with the highway subgrade and worthwhile being extending widely for its great usage foreground in highway construction.
引文
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陈淦琛.水土压力合算法在概念及运用上的一些问题.地基处理,1999,10(4):19～22
冯紫良,闫强刚.分步开挖基坑挡土墙上土压力荷载的取值.工程勘察,2000年第2期:4～7
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阳吉宝.基坑开挖时的土压力测试与计算.地基处理,1998,9(3):57～58
魏汝龙.开挖卸载与被动土压力计算.岩土工程学报,1997,19(6):88～92
宋二祥.试论有效应力法与总应力法的应用.地基处理,2001,12(1):64～65
揭冠周,介玉新,李广信,等.墙后填土有超载情况下朗肯与库仑土压力理论的比较分析.地基处理,2001,12(2):12～17
陈仲颐,周景星,王洪瑾.土力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1994
中华人民共和国冶金工业部.建筑基坑工程技术规范(YB9258-97),北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
陈炯.深基坑挡土结构的土压力计算.建筑施工,2000,22(1):54～58
龚晓南.议土的抗剪强度影响因素.地基处理,1998,9(3):54～56
魏汝龙.正常压密饱和粘性土的抗剪强度理论.岩土工程学报,1985,7(1):2～14
龚晓南.漫谈土的抗剪强度和抗剪强度指标.地基处理,2000,11(3):106～108
魏汝龙.三轴和直剪试验的固结快剪指标.大坝观测与土工测试,1998,22(1):23～24
杭州市建筑业管理局,杭州市土木建筑学会.深基坑支护工程实例.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
黄强,惠永宁.深基坑支护工程实例集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
秦四清,等.深基坑工程优化设计.北京:地震出版社,1998
秦惠民,叶政青.深基础施工实例.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992
浙江省土木建筑学会施工学术委员会.基础工程施工实例.浙江:浙江大学出版社,1990
R.A.Day. Net Pressure Analysis of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls. Geotechnique.51, No. 2,185～187,2001
N.Gnanapragasam. Active Earth Pressure in Cohesive Soils with an Inclined Ground Surface. Can.Geotech.J.37.171～177,2000
R.J.Chandler, P.S.Hamilton. On the Measurement of the Undrained Strength of
Discontinuities in the Direct Shear Box. Geotechnique.49, No.5, 615～620,1999
A.Sawicki. Theoretical Analysis of Centrifugal Model Tests on Reinforced Earth Structures. Geotechnique.48, No.4, 563～567,1998
F.Molenkamp. Principle of Axial Shear Apparatus. Geotechnique.50,No.3, 307～310,2000
W.Richwien, Z.Wang. Displacement of a Pile under Axial Load. Geotechnique.49, No.4, 537～541,1999
C.S.德塞, J.T.克里斯琴. 岩土工程数值方法.北京:中国建筑工业出版社
朱晓林,杨桂林.土体工程.上海:同济大学出版社
天津市工程建设标准.岩土工程技术规范(DB29-20-2000). 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
中华人民共和国水利水电部.土工试验规程(SDS01-79).北京:水利出版社.1980
刘建航,候学渊.基坑工程手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1997
吴永红,毛利勤,张春晓.天津市浅层地基土特性及参数分析.天津勘察,2001年第1期
叶柏荣.土压力与结构变形相互关系的研究.基坑开挖中岩土工程问题学术讨论会论文集
2 钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算.第二版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996
3 华南理工大学,东南大学,浙江大学,湖南大学.地基及基础.第三版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
4 魏汝龙.深基坑开挖中的土压力计算.地基处理,1998,9(1):3～15
Saada,A.S.et al. Crack, Bifurcation and Shear Bands Propagation in Saturated Clays. Geotechnique,1994,14(1)
吴铭炳.软土地基深基坑支护中的土压力.工程勘察,1999年第2期:15～18
陈淦琛.水土压力合算法在概念及运用上的一些问题.地基处理,1999,10(4):19～22
冯紫良,闫强刚.分步开挖基坑挡土墙上土压力荷载的取值.工程勘察,2000年第2期:4～7
吴世明.大型地基基础工程技术.浙江：浙江大学出版社1997
中华人民共和国交通部.公路路基施工技术规范（JTJ033-95）.北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1995
中华人民共和国交通部.公路路基设计规范（JTJ033-95）.北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1995
阳吉宝.基坑开挖时的土压力测试与计算.地基处理,1998,9(3):57～58
魏汝龙.开挖卸载与被动土压力计算.岩土工程学报,1997,19(6):88～92
宋二祥.试论有效应力法与总应力法的应用.地基处理,2001,12(1):64～65
揭冠周,介玉新,李广信,等.墙后填土有超载情况下朗肯与库仑土压力理论的比较分析.地基处理,2001,12(2):12～17
陈仲颐,周景星,王洪瑾.土力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1994
中华人民共和国冶金工业部.建筑基坑工程技术规范(YB9258-97),北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
陈炯.深基坑挡土结构的土压力计算.建筑施工,2000,22(1):54～58
龚晓南.议土的抗剪强度影响因素.地基处理,1998,9(3):54～56
魏汝龙.正常压密饱和粘性土的抗剪强度理论.岩土工程学报,1985,7(1):2～14
龚晓南.漫谈土的抗剪强度和抗剪强度指标.地基处理,2000,11(3):106～108
魏汝龙.三轴和直剪试验的固结快剪指标.大坝观测与土工测试,1998,22(1):23～24
杭州市建筑业管理局,杭州市土木建筑学会.深基坑支护工程实例.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
黄强,惠永宁.深基坑支护工程实例集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
秦四清,等.深基坑工程优化设计.北京:地震出版社,1998
秦惠民,叶政青.深基础施工实例.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992
浙江省土木建筑学会施工学术委员会.基础工程施工实例.浙江:浙江大学出版社,1990
R.A.Day. Net Pressure Analysis of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls. Geotechnique.51, No. 2,185～187,2001
N.Gnanapragasam. Active Earth Pressure in Cohesive Soils with an Inclined Ground Surface. Can.Geotech.J.37.171～177,2000
R.J.Chandler, P.S.Hamilton. On the Measurement of the Undrained Strength of
Discontinuities in the Direct Shear Box. Geotechnique.49, No.5, 615～620,1999
A.Sawicki. Theoretical Analysis of Centrifugal Model Tests on Reinforced Earth Structures. Geotechnique.48, No.4, 563～567,1998
F.Molenkamp. Principle of Axial Shear Apparatus. Geotechnique.50,No.3, 307～310,2000
W.Richwien, Z.Wang. Displacement of a Pile under Axial Load. Geotechnique.49, No.4, 537～541,1999
C.S.德塞, J.T.克里斯琴. 岩土工程数值方法.北京:中国建筑工业出版社
朱晓林,杨桂林.土体工程.上海:同济大学出版社
天津市工程建设标准.岩土工程技术规范(DB29-20-2000). 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
中华人民共和国水利水电部.土工试验规程(SDS01-79).北京:水利出版社.1980
刘建航,候学渊.基坑工程手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1997
吴永红,毛利勤,张春晓.天津市浅层地基土特性及参数分析.天津勘察,2001年第1期
叶柏荣.土压力与结构变形相互关系的研究.基坑开挖中岩土工程问题学术讨论会论文集