水平井冲砂参数研究与应用
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摘要
随着辽河油田水平井技术的的应用,原油的采收率得到提高。然而由于水平井的井身结构存在着造斜井段及水平井段较长、井筒轴线变化不规则等特殊因素,导致水平井的常规修井作业技术与普通的油水井常规作业不同。尤其是稠油水平井冲砂施工,因为稠油水平井的复杂性,施工中更易发生卡钻事故造成重大经济损失。
本文在简要介绍当前水平井冲砂技术领域里主要的方法与技术的基础上,通过对水平井携砂模型研究,再结合现场实际资料和数据进行系统性分析,总结出水平井现场冲砂最小排量参数表。通过对欢喜岭稠油区块水平井的原油粘度和井的漏失情况进行研究和分析,获得有效的稠油区块水平井的降粘和井的堵漏技术。结合水平井的管柱匹配参数及强度参数、水平井现场冲砂最小排量参数表、水平井的降粘和井的堵漏技术提出的欢喜岭稠油区块水平井冲砂技术和配套工具,为稠油区块水平井的冲砂提供合理建议。
由于目前国内外在水平井冲砂作业方面的研究普遍较少,开展对水平井冲砂参数的研究,掌握水平井液流携砂规律,确定冲砂参数及冲砂方式,正确匹配冲砂设备和设施,是避免盲目施工,防止冲砂施工中造成卡钻转大修、冲砂提前遇阻、返砂少、冲砂效率低、材料消耗大,作业占井周期长等以及增加原油上产具有重要意义。因而,开展辽河油田欢喜岭地区稠油水平井冲砂参数的研究及冲砂技术的应用就显得尤为重要。
Along with the application of horizontal well technology in Liaohe Oilfield,the crude oil recovery was improved.However,because of some body structure factors of horizontal wells,such as the kick off section and horizontal section too long, the irregular change of shaft axis and so on, which cause the difference of conventional workover operations technology between horizontal wells and ordinary oil wells.Especially in the sand washing construction, for the complexity of heavy oil horizontal wells, sticking of drill tools accident is easier to occur, and causes great economic losses.
This paper is based on the brief introduction of the main methods and technology in the field of sa-nd washing,and it applies theory model to research on the basic parameter of horizontal well and the features of heavy oil horizontal well in the Huanxiling heavy oil block of Liaohe Oilfield. Through the research and analysis of oil viscosity and loss situation of heavy oil block horizontal well in the Hua-nxiling, we can get effective viscosity and plugging technology of heavy oil horizontal well in heav-y oil block. Combination of horizontal string matching parameters and strength parameters, the mini-mum displacement field of horizontal blasting parameter table, the viscosity of horizontal Wells and proposed glad ridge plugging technology heavy blocks blasting technology and horizontal supporting tool for horizontal blasting block mian provide reasonable suggestions.
Because in horizontal Wells at home and abroad blasting operations research less commonly. Ther-e are important significances in mastering of flow encapsulation of horizontal rule,making sure the bl-asting parameters and mode, correctly matching blasting equipment and facilities, increasing oil pro-duction and so on. So it is especially important that rejoice in liaohe oilfield ridge area blasting param-eters of heavy oil horizontal wells and blasting technology application.
本文在简要介绍当前水平井冲砂技术领域里主要的方法与技术的基础上,通过对水平井携砂模型研究,再结合现场实际资料和数据进行系统性分析,总结出水平井现场冲砂最小排量参数表。通过对欢喜岭稠油区块水平井的原油粘度和井的漏失情况进行研究和分析,获得有效的稠油区块水平井的降粘和井的堵漏技术。结合水平井的管柱匹配参数及强度参数、水平井现场冲砂最小排量参数表、水平井的降粘和井的堵漏技术提出的欢喜岭稠油区块水平井冲砂技术和配套工具,为稠油区块水平井的冲砂提供合理建议。
由于目前国内外在水平井冲砂作业方面的研究普遍较少,开展对水平井冲砂参数的研究,掌握水平井液流携砂规律,确定冲砂参数及冲砂方式,正确匹配冲砂设备和设施,是避免盲目施工,防止冲砂施工中造成卡钻转大修、冲砂提前遇阻、返砂少、冲砂效率低、材料消耗大,作业占井周期长等以及增加原油上产具有重要意义。因而,开展辽河油田欢喜岭地区稠油水平井冲砂参数的研究及冲砂技术的应用就显得尤为重要。
Along with the application of horizontal well technology in Liaohe Oilfield,the crude oil recovery was improved.However,because of some body structure factors of horizontal wells,such as the kick off section and horizontal section too long, the irregular change of shaft axis and so on, which cause the difference of conventional workover operations technology between horizontal wells and ordinary oil wells.Especially in the sand washing construction, for the complexity of heavy oil horizontal wells, sticking of drill tools accident is easier to occur, and causes great economic losses.
This paper is based on the brief introduction of the main methods and technology in the field of sa-nd washing,and it applies theory model to research on the basic parameter of horizontal well and the features of heavy oil horizontal well in the Huanxiling heavy oil block of Liaohe Oilfield. Through the research and analysis of oil viscosity and loss situation of heavy oil block horizontal well in the Hua-nxiling, we can get effective viscosity and plugging technology of heavy oil horizontal well in heav-y oil block. Combination of horizontal string matching parameters and strength parameters, the mini-mum displacement field of horizontal blasting parameter table, the viscosity of horizontal Wells and proposed glad ridge plugging technology heavy blocks blasting technology and horizontal supporting tool for horizontal blasting block mian provide reasonable suggestions.
Because in horizontal Wells at home and abroad blasting operations research less commonly. Ther-e are important significances in mastering of flow encapsulation of horizontal rule,making sure the bl-asting parameters and mode, correctly matching blasting equipment and facilities, increasing oil pro-duction and so on. So it is especially important that rejoice in liaohe oilfield ridge area blasting param-eters of heavy oil horizontal wells and blasting technology application.
引文
[01]赖疯鹏,李治平,张志,张明友.水力冲砂工作参数优化计算程序研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(2)：83-84.
[02]沈燕来,陈建武.冲砂洗井水力计算方法综述[J].水动力学研究与进展,1998,13(3).
[03]赖枫鹏,李治平,岑芳,黄志文,许进进.水平井水力冲砂最优工作参数计算[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(1).
[04]李治龙,钱武鼎.我国油田用泡沫流体综述[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,11(1)：1-5.
[05]张绍东,王代流,陈辉,姜娜,张继双.泡沫射流冲砂解堵工艺在孤岛油田的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(1)：98-100.
[06]刘伟,董胜祥,曹子龙.泡沫洗井工艺的研究及应用[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(2)：45-49.
[07]杨虎,鄢捷年.泡沫钻井流体环空携岩能力的影响因素[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(5)：49-52.
[08]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].江汉采油工艺,2003,7(2)：29-32.
[09]李松岩,李兆敏,孙茂盛,杨肖曦.水平井泡沫流体冲砂洗井技术研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(6)：71-74.
[10]王学海.密闭连续冲砂工艺技术应用研究[J].石油化工应用,2007,27(2).
[11]傅奎仕,韩振红,黄久高.低压井捞砂配套设备[J].石油机械,2000,28(7)。
[12]乔金中,付文华,李川.钻井捞砂泵的研制及应用[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(3)：52-54.
[13]李树臻,李光磊,王亚娟.油井负压冲砂装置研究[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(3)：21-23.
[14]高学生.水溶性冲砂暂堵球的应用研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2006,7(4)：31-33.
[15]张金波,鄢捷年.钻井液中暂堵剂颗粒尺寸分布优选的新理论和新方法[J].石油学报,2006,25(6)：88-91.
[16]李克华,赵修太,郑延成,王任芳.油溶性树脂暂堵剂的研究[J].西部探矿工程,2001.
[17]熊英,刘文辉,魏玉莲,张家良,蒋官澄.油溶性树脂暂堵剂室内评价技术研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(4).
[18]何东升,徐克彬等.连续油管在水平井中作业的力学分析.石油钻采工艺,1999,21(3)：61-64.
[19]睢满仓,孟坤六,张琦.水平井管柱空问受力分析及迭代计算.石油机械,1999,27(9)：4-7.
[20]睢满仓,孟坤六,杜镰.水平井管柱下入摩阻分析及应用.石油机械,1999,27(2).
[21]许福东,张晓东,吕苗荣.大位移井完井管柱摩阻计算模型与仿真器.石油矿场机械,2001,30：21-24.
[22]陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术.山东,石油大学出版社,2000：166-207
[23]李庆扬等.数值分析基础教程.武汉,华中理工大学出版社,2001：76-80
[24]李子丰,油气井杆管柱力学.北京：石油工业出版社,1996,5
[25]扬妹等.定向井钻柱摩阻问题的有限差分解.石油钻探技术,1992(3)
[26]李爱芬,王士虎等.地层砂粒在液体中的沉降规律研究[J].油气地质与采收率2001.2
[27]李洪乾,刘希圣.水平井钻井合理环空返速的确定方法[J].石油大学学报,1994.10
[28]李明忠,王卫阳等.垂直井筒携砂规律研究[J].石油大学学报,2000 No.2
[29]李明忠,王卫阳等.垂直井筒井液携砂流动规律研究及其在油井生产中的应用[J].实验力学,2002.9
[30]张红武,江恩惠等.黄河高含沙洪水模型的相似律[M].郑州：河南科学技术出版社,1994
[31]沙玉清.泥沙运动学引论(修订本)[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社,1996
[32]郑邦民,夏军强.固体颗粒的群体沉降速度分析.泥沙研究2004.12
[33]钱意颖,杨文海等.高含沙水流的基本特征.河流泥沙国际学术研讨会文集,第1卷1980.
[02]沈燕来,陈建武.冲砂洗井水力计算方法综述[J].水动力学研究与进展,1998,13(3).
[03]赖枫鹏,李治平,岑芳,黄志文,许进进.水平井水力冲砂最优工作参数计算[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(1).
[04]李治龙,钱武鼎.我国油田用泡沫流体综述[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,11(1)：1-5.
[05]张绍东,王代流,陈辉,姜娜,张继双.泡沫射流冲砂解堵工艺在孤岛油田的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(1)：98-100.
[06]刘伟,董胜祥,曹子龙.泡沫洗井工艺的研究及应用[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(2)：45-49.
[07]杨虎,鄢捷年.泡沫钻井流体环空携岩能力的影响因素[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(5)：49-52.
[08]万里平,孟英峰,赵晓东.泡沫流体稳定性机理研究[J].江汉采油工艺,2003,7(2)：29-32.
[09]李松岩,李兆敏,孙茂盛,杨肖曦.水平井泡沫流体冲砂洗井技术研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(6)：71-74.
[10]王学海.密闭连续冲砂工艺技术应用研究[J].石油化工应用,2007,27(2).
[11]傅奎仕,韩振红,黄久高.低压井捞砂配套设备[J].石油机械,2000,28(7)。
[12]乔金中,付文华,李川.钻井捞砂泵的研制及应用[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(3)：52-54.
[13]李树臻,李光磊,王亚娟.油井负压冲砂装置研究[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(3)：21-23.
[14]高学生.水溶性冲砂暂堵球的应用研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2006,7(4)：31-33.
[15]张金波,鄢捷年.钻井液中暂堵剂颗粒尺寸分布优选的新理论和新方法[J].石油学报,2006,25(6)：88-91.
[16]李克华,赵修太,郑延成,王任芳.油溶性树脂暂堵剂的研究[J].西部探矿工程,2001.
[17]熊英,刘文辉,魏玉莲,张家良,蒋官澄.油溶性树脂暂堵剂室内评价技术研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(4).
[18]何东升,徐克彬等.连续油管在水平井中作业的力学分析.石油钻采工艺,1999,21(3)：61-64.
[19]睢满仓,孟坤六,张琦.水平井管柱空问受力分析及迭代计算.石油机械,1999,27(9)：4-7.
[20]睢满仓,孟坤六,杜镰.水平井管柱下入摩阻分析及应用.石油机械,1999,27(2).
[21]许福东,张晓东,吕苗荣.大位移井完井管柱摩阻计算模型与仿真器.石油矿场机械,2001,30：21-24.
[22]陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术.山东,石油大学出版社,2000：166-207
[23]李庆扬等.数值分析基础教程.武汉,华中理工大学出版社,2001：76-80
[24]李子丰,油气井杆管柱力学.北京：石油工业出版社,1996,5
[25]扬妹等.定向井钻柱摩阻问题的有限差分解.石油钻探技术,1992(3)
[26]李爱芬,王士虎等.地层砂粒在液体中的沉降规律研究[J].油气地质与采收率2001.2
[27]李洪乾,刘希圣.水平井钻井合理环空返速的确定方法[J].石油大学学报,1994.10
[28]李明忠,王卫阳等.垂直井筒携砂规律研究[J].石油大学学报,2000 No.2
[29]李明忠,王卫阳等.垂直井筒井液携砂流动规律研究及其在油井生产中的应用[J].实验力学,2002.9
[30]张红武,江恩惠等.黄河高含沙洪水模型的相似律[M].郑州：河南科学技术出版社,1994
[31]沙玉清.泥沙运动学引论(修订本)[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社,1996
[32]郑邦民,夏军强.固体颗粒的群体沉降速度分析.泥沙研究2004.12
[33]钱意颖,杨文海等.高含沙水流的基本特征.河流泥沙国际学术研讨会文集,第1卷1980.