油气管道段塞流腐蚀机理与内防腐技术研究
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摘要
从井口到集输总站的油气集输管道输送介质往往含有油、气、水多相介质，还含有溶解氧、二氧化碳、硫化氢等腐蚀性气体。在管道下游，往往形成紊流度极高的段塞流，使得集输系统中油、气、水管线的内腐蚀十分严重。因此，段塞流腐蚀的机理及特点的研究对集输管道的内腐蚀与防腐具有重要意义。
在大量的文献调研的基础上，本文中根据集输管道内腐蚀工况，分析了油气管道内壁段塞流腐蚀有关的几种腐蚀类型的腐蚀机理，并讨论了油气管道段塞流腐蚀的主要影响因素，给出了弗劳德数、管壁剪切力及段塞流液体段塞局部压降的计算方法。引用了国外用多相流腐蚀测试的环路系统及试验数据，采用MATLAB 6.0软件进行数据处理，研究弗劳德数、管壁剪切力、含油率及含水率等参数对金属腐蚀的综合影响，对段塞流下管壁金属腐蚀的机理进行了综合研究，并得到一些规律性的认识。
采用EIS技术分析实际涂层的失效过程，建立金属／涂层／溶液体系的等效电路模型，然后根据腐蚀特点将体系的等效电路模型进一步改进，优化了EIS数据处理的数学算法，并采用VB语言编程实现这一算法。
对环氧酚醛防腐涂料配方进行了相应的改进，并通过高压釜试验、附着力试验和落砂耐磨试验验证改进后环氧酚醛内涂层的综合防腐性能。根据前面研究，对油气管道内涂层防腐工艺做了进一步研究。
针对油气管道的实际工况及目前防腐材料、防腐工艺的发展，在传统防腐工艺的基础上，玻璃钢内衬管、热喷玻璃釉内防腐技术，并对玻璃釉的喷涂效果及防腐效果进行了试验验证，结果证明该技术具有很大的开发和应用潜力。
From oil well head to assembling gathering station, there is often one or several of oil ,gas and water phases in the mediums transported by the pipelines ,in which corrosive gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and sulfureted hydrogen may be dissolved. At the lower reaches of the pipeline flow, slug flow that is extremely turbulent may come into being, which results in severe internal-corrosion of the pipe .Therefore ,it will contribute greatly to the study of oil and gas transportation pipeline corrosion and anti-corrosion techniques to study the mechanisms and characteristics of slug flow corrosion .
According to a great deal of investigations and researches of the related literatures, and based on real conditions of internal corrosion of the gathering and transportation pipelines, the mechanisms of several type of corrosion related to slug flow corrosion of oil and gas pipelines are analyzed.Mean influencing facters about slug flow corrosion of oil and gas pipelines are discussed;the way to calculate parameters such as Froude Number ,Wall Shear Stress,Oil Faction, Water Faction and Slug Local Pressure Drop in the fluids is given.Mutiphase flow loop system is introduced to study slug flow corrosion,based on the experiment data , the integrated effects of Froude Number, Wall Shear Stress, Oil Faction, Water Faction on multiphase corrosion are studied using MATLAB 6.0 software .Besides ,the metal corrosion mechanism under slug flow regime is also studied and conclusions are drawn.
EIS coating inspecting technique is used to study coating performance and coating abation process.The equivalent circuit model for metal/coating/fluids system is established and improved'according to the corrosion characteristics of the system.The method to treat with data got from EIS measurement is optimized and realized by VB computer programme.
The direction for epoxy-bakelite anti-corrosion dope is bettered , autoclave corrosion test, adhesive ability test and wearing capacity test are carried out to evaluate the coating performance ,combined with foregoing study, internal corrosion -inhibiting coating technique of oil and gas pipelines is further discussed.
According to the working condition ,with the development of anti-corrosive materials and anti-corrosive techniques, two new anti-corrosive techniques, pipe lined with glass fibre reinforces plastics and spray-enameled pipe, are brought forward on the base of traditional techniques. Through laboratory test, the spray-enameled pipe is proved to get excellent anti-corrosive effect and have a good potential for exploitation and application in the furture.
在大量的文献调研的基础上，本文中根据集输管道内腐蚀工况，分析了油气管道内壁段塞流腐蚀有关的几种腐蚀类型的腐蚀机理，并讨论了油气管道段塞流腐蚀的主要影响因素，给出了弗劳德数、管壁剪切力及段塞流液体段塞局部压降的计算方法。引用了国外用多相流腐蚀测试的环路系统及试验数据，采用MATLAB 6.0软件进行数据处理，研究弗劳德数、管壁剪切力、含油率及含水率等参数对金属腐蚀的综合影响，对段塞流下管壁金属腐蚀的机理进行了综合研究，并得到一些规律性的认识。
采用EIS技术分析实际涂层的失效过程，建立金属／涂层／溶液体系的等效电路模型，然后根据腐蚀特点将体系的等效电路模型进一步改进，优化了EIS数据处理的数学算法，并采用VB语言编程实现这一算法。
对环氧酚醛防腐涂料配方进行了相应的改进，并通过高压釜试验、附着力试验和落砂耐磨试验验证改进后环氧酚醛内涂层的综合防腐性能。根据前面研究，对油气管道内涂层防腐工艺做了进一步研究。
针对油气管道的实际工况及目前防腐材料、防腐工艺的发展，在传统防腐工艺的基础上，玻璃钢内衬管、热喷玻璃釉内防腐技术，并对玻璃釉的喷涂效果及防腐效果进行了试验验证，结果证明该技术具有很大的开发和应用潜力。
From oil well head to assembling gathering station, there is often one or several of oil ,gas and water phases in the mediums transported by the pipelines ,in which corrosive gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and sulfureted hydrogen may be dissolved. At the lower reaches of the pipeline flow, slug flow that is extremely turbulent may come into being, which results in severe internal-corrosion of the pipe .Therefore ,it will contribute greatly to the study of oil and gas transportation pipeline corrosion and anti-corrosion techniques to study the mechanisms and characteristics of slug flow corrosion .
According to a great deal of investigations and researches of the related literatures, and based on real conditions of internal corrosion of the gathering and transportation pipelines, the mechanisms of several type of corrosion related to slug flow corrosion of oil and gas pipelines are analyzed.Mean influencing facters about slug flow corrosion of oil and gas pipelines are discussed;the way to calculate parameters such as Froude Number ,Wall Shear Stress,Oil Faction, Water Faction and Slug Local Pressure Drop in the fluids is given.Mutiphase flow loop system is introduced to study slug flow corrosion,based on the experiment data , the integrated effects of Froude Number, Wall Shear Stress, Oil Faction, Water Faction on multiphase corrosion are studied using MATLAB 6.0 software .Besides ,the metal corrosion mechanism under slug flow regime is also studied and conclusions are drawn.
EIS coating inspecting technique is used to study coating performance and coating abation process.The equivalent circuit model for metal/coating/fluids system is established and improved'according to the corrosion characteristics of the system.The method to treat with data got from EIS measurement is optimized and realized by VB computer programme.
The direction for epoxy-bakelite anti-corrosion dope is bettered , autoclave corrosion test, adhesive ability test and wearing capacity test are carried out to evaluate the coating performance ,combined with foregoing study, internal corrosion -inhibiting coating technique of oil and gas pipelines is further discussed.
According to the working condition ,with the development of anti-corrosive materials and anti-corrosive techniques, two new anti-corrosive techniques, pipe lined with glass fibre reinforces plastics and spray-enameled pipe, are brought forward on the base of traditional techniques. Through laboratory test, the spray-enameled pipe is proved to get excellent anti-corrosive effect and have a good potential for exploitation and application in the furture.
引文
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SPE 27960.
[19] H, Wang, D. Vedapui, J.Y. Cai. Mass ransfer Coefficient Measurement in Water/Oil/Gas Multiphase Flow. Jounal of Energy Resources Technology. June 2001 Vol. 123/144.
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[2] 杨英译．论集油系统管道腐蚀的加剧．国外油田工程，1996．
[3] K. D. Efird. Disturbed Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production. Jounal of Energy Resources Technology. March 1998, Vol. 120.
[4] M. Gopal, W. P. Jepson. The study of Dynamic Slug Flow Characteristics Using Digital Image Analysis—Part Ⅱ: Modeling Results. Jounal of Energy Resources Technology, 1998, Vol. 120, P102～P105.
[5] Jyi-Yu Sun, W. P. Jepson, Ohio U. Slug Flow Characteristics and Their Effect on Corrosion Related in Horizontal Oil and gas Pipelines. SPE 24787.
[6] 卢绮敏等．石油工业中的腐蚀与防护．中国腐蚀与防护学会主编．化学工业出版社．
[7] 姜放，文晓．四川含H_2S气田防腐新技术．天然气与石油，2001，19(4)．
[8] 阎丽静，林海潮等．含H_2S的强酸溶液中Cl对Fe腐蚀的影响．中国腐蚀与防护学报，
[9] 梁平，唐柯等．天然气管线内腐蚀影响因素分析．河南石油，2000．6．1999，19卷(2)．
[10] 陈卓元等．二氧化碳腐蚀防护对策及发展趋势．材料开发与应用，1998，13(6)．
[11] 路民旭，白真权等．油气采集储运中的腐蚀现状及典型案例．腐蚀与防护，2002，23(3)．
[12] 张忠华，郭宝金．CO_2对油气管材的腐蚀规律及国内外研究进展．宝钢技术，2000．4．
[13] 吕占鹏等．二氧化碳腐蚀机理及影响因素．石油学报，1995，16(3)．
[14] 李慧玲等．气蚀磨蚀机理的探讨．昆明理工大学学报．第25卷5期．
[15] 刘新宽，方其先．冲刷腐蚀对不锈钢表面状态的影响．西安交通大学学报，1998，32(4)．
[16] 龚敏．冲刷腐蚀的某些影响因素及其研究方法．四川轻化工学院学报，1995，8(1)．
[17] L. Jiang, M. Gopal. Multiphase Flow-Enhanced Corrosion Mechanism in Horizontal pipelines. Journal of Energy Resources Technology. March 1998, Vo1.120/67.
[18] T.J. Hill, D.G. Wood. Slug Flow: Occurrence, consequence, and Prediction,
SPE 27960.
[19] H, Wang, D. Vedapui, J.Y. Cai. Mass ransfer Coefficient Measurement in Water/Oil/Gas Multiphase Flow. Jounal of Energy Resources Technology. June 2001 Vol. 123/144.
[20] M. Gopal, W. P. Jepson. The study of Dynamic Slug Flow Characteristics Using Digital Image Analysis —Part Ⅰ: Image Analysis. Jounal of Energy Resources Technology, 1998, Vol. 120, P97～P101.
[21] L. C. Maley, W. P. Jepson. Liquid Holdup in Large-diameter Horizontal Multiphase Pipelines. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Vol. 120/85.
[22] A.S. Green. Flow-Ralated Corrosion in Large-Diameter Multiphase Flowlines. SPE 20685.
[23] Lisa C. Maley, W. Paul Jepson. Wall shear stress and Differential Pressure in Large- Diameter Horizontal Multiphase Pipelines, Jounal of Energy Resources Technology, 2000, Vol. 122.
[24] C. Kang, W. P. Jepson. Study of Corrosion at low water cut in Multiphase Pipelines, SPE 56465.
[25] 王炳武，胥谞．MATLAB 5.3适用教程．中国水力水电出版社．
[26] 林宗虎．变幻流动的科学—多相流体力学．清华大学出版社．
[27] 山本隆，曲良山等．四川气田含H_2S天然气管道内防腐涂层现场试验研究．天然气工业，19(2)．
[28] 刘斌等．防腐蚀涂层失效行为研究进展．腐蚀科学与防护技术．2001，13(5)．
[29] 李忠东．EIS技术在涂膜腐蚀测试中的应用．材料保护，1996(4)．
[30] 刘小平．涂层防腐蚀的电化学研究．涂料工业，1999．2．
[31] 吴丽蓉等．评价有机涂层防护性能的方法．腐蚀与防护技术，2000，12(3)．
[32] 陈群尧．涂层及其腐蚀失效的机理的研究方法和方向．中国腐蚀与防护学报，17(4)．
[33] 陈祖犀．偏微分方程．中国科学技术大学出版社，第二版．
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