压气机常用马氏体不锈钢冲蚀及盐雾—冲蚀性能研究
|
摘要
马氏体不锈钢具有高强度和良好的耐蚀性,是船用压气机涡轮叶片的常用材料,但由于载荷条件和服役环境的影响,压气机叶片的冲蚀磨损和腐蚀-冲蚀磨损现象十分突出。随着舰船动力不断向大功率、高效率方向发展,研究马氏体不锈钢的抗冲蚀性能及其冲蚀机理,对提高压气机叶片的性能、使用寿命和可靠性,具有重要的工程意义。
本文以1Cr11Ni2W2MoV、1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb和1Cr17Ni2压气机常用马氏体不锈钢为研究对象,采用增压气流固体颗粒冲蚀试验装置,对三种材料进行不同冲蚀角度的冲蚀实验及盐雾+冲蚀循环试验,分别讨论了在冲蚀角为30°和90°时,不同冲砂量对冲蚀速率的影响及盐雾腐蚀对冲蚀速率的影响。根据冲蚀砂量—冲蚀速率图,比较三种材料的耐冲蚀及耐盐雾+冲蚀性能。借助SEM、EDS和XRD,探讨材料的冲蚀机理,分析冲蚀产物。
结果表明,在单一冲蚀试验中,三种材料在30°角冲蚀时,冲砂量较小的初始阶段,抗冲蚀性能取决于硬度,之后随冲砂量的增加取决于硬质颗粒相,其冲蚀机理为小角度犁削。在90°冲蚀时,抗冲蚀性能主要取决于裂纹形成。
在盐雾+冲蚀循环试验中,三种材料在30°角和90°角冲蚀时,抗冲蚀性能取决于材料的耐腐蚀性,主要与材料的Cr、Nb含量有关。盐雾+冲蚀的冲蚀机理,仍为小角度犁削。
三种材料抗冲蚀以及抗盐雾+冲蚀的能力为1Cr17Ni2> 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb>1Cr11Ni2W2MoV。
Martensitic stainlcs steel was often used to produce the turbine blades of compressor because of its high strength and fine corrosion resistance. However, due to the impact of service environment and condition in load, the erosion wear and the corrosion-erosion wear of the compressor blades is a prominent phenomenon. Along with the ship power develops unceasingly to the high efficiency and large power, making an investigation on the erosion-corrosion resistance and its wear mechanism of martensitic stainless steel has an important significance to improve the properties, service life and reliability of the compressor blades for engineering application.
In this paper, erosion and salt spray + erosion cycle testing of the 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV, 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb and 1Cr17Ni2 martensitic stainless steel often-used to compressor was carried out on different eroding angles with the solid particle air entrainment eroding testing equipment developed independently. The influences of the amount of quartz sand and the salt spray corrosion on the erosion rate have been investigated under 30°and 90°erosion angle. The resistance to erosion and salt spray+erosion of the three kinds of materials was compared through the amount of quartz sand-erosion rate curves. Erosive mechanism and erosive products have been analyzed with SEM,EDS and XRD. Erosion-Corrosion Resistance Property
Only in the action of erosion, the results showed that when amount of quartz sand was in a smaller volume, the erosion resistance of the materials eroded under the 30°erosion angle was decided by the materials hardness and then depended on the flinty particle with the increase in the volume of quartz sand which showed a small-angle plowing erosion mechanism. Under the 90°erosion angle, however, the erosion mainly was depended on the crack formation.
During the cyclical test of salt spray and erosion, the erosion-corrosion resistance of the materials both under 30°and under 90°erosion angle was decided by the materials anti-corrosion concerned with the amount of Cr and Nb in the materials,which was also showed a small-angle plowing erosion mechanism.
The erosion resistance and the salt spray+erosion resistance of the three kinds of material were shown to be 1Cr17Ni2> 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb >1Cr11Ni2W2MoV。
本文以1Cr11Ni2W2MoV、1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb和1Cr17Ni2压气机常用马氏体不锈钢为研究对象,采用增压气流固体颗粒冲蚀试验装置,对三种材料进行不同冲蚀角度的冲蚀实验及盐雾+冲蚀循环试验,分别讨论了在冲蚀角为30°和90°时,不同冲砂量对冲蚀速率的影响及盐雾腐蚀对冲蚀速率的影响。根据冲蚀砂量—冲蚀速率图,比较三种材料的耐冲蚀及耐盐雾+冲蚀性能。借助SEM、EDS和XRD,探讨材料的冲蚀机理,分析冲蚀产物。
结果表明,在单一冲蚀试验中,三种材料在30°角冲蚀时,冲砂量较小的初始阶段,抗冲蚀性能取决于硬度,之后随冲砂量的增加取决于硬质颗粒相,其冲蚀机理为小角度犁削。在90°冲蚀时,抗冲蚀性能主要取决于裂纹形成。
在盐雾+冲蚀循环试验中,三种材料在30°角和90°角冲蚀时,抗冲蚀性能取决于材料的耐腐蚀性,主要与材料的Cr、Nb含量有关。盐雾+冲蚀的冲蚀机理,仍为小角度犁削。
三种材料抗冲蚀以及抗盐雾+冲蚀的能力为1Cr17Ni2> 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb>1Cr11Ni2W2MoV。
Martensitic stainlcs steel was often used to produce the turbine blades of compressor because of its high strength and fine corrosion resistance. However, due to the impact of service environment and condition in load, the erosion wear and the corrosion-erosion wear of the compressor blades is a prominent phenomenon. Along with the ship power develops unceasingly to the high efficiency and large power, making an investigation on the erosion-corrosion resistance and its wear mechanism of martensitic stainless steel has an important significance to improve the properties, service life and reliability of the compressor blades for engineering application.
In this paper, erosion and salt spray + erosion cycle testing of the 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV, 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb and 1Cr17Ni2 martensitic stainless steel often-used to compressor was carried out on different eroding angles with the solid particle air entrainment eroding testing equipment developed independently. The influences of the amount of quartz sand and the salt spray corrosion on the erosion rate have been investigated under 30°and 90°erosion angle. The resistance to erosion and salt spray+erosion of the three kinds of materials was compared through the amount of quartz sand-erosion rate curves. Erosive mechanism and erosive products have been analyzed with SEM,EDS and XRD. Erosion-Corrosion Resistance Property
Only in the action of erosion, the results showed that when amount of quartz sand was in a smaller volume, the erosion resistance of the materials eroded under the 30°erosion angle was decided by the materials hardness and then depended on the flinty particle with the increase in the volume of quartz sand which showed a small-angle plowing erosion mechanism. Under the 90°erosion angle, however, the erosion mainly was depended on the crack formation.
During the cyclical test of salt spray and erosion, the erosion-corrosion resistance of the materials both under 30°and under 90°erosion angle was decided by the materials anti-corrosion concerned with the amount of Cr and Nb in the materials,which was also showed a small-angle plowing erosion mechanism.
The erosion resistance and the salt spray+erosion resistance of the three kinds of material were shown to be 1Cr17Ni2> 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb >1Cr11Ni2W2MoV。
引文
[1]孙跃,胡津.金属腐蚀与控制[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003：1.
[2]陈冠国,褚秀萍.关于冲蚀磨损问题[J].河北理工学院学报,1997,19(4)：27-32.
[3]何亮亮.边界元法评价和优化船舶腐蚀防护方案的研究[D].大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2008：1.
[4]刘正发,徐哲,张春梅.某型压气机叶片防护层耐蚀性研究[J].热能动力工程,2007：490-494.
[5]徐增华.金属耐蚀材料[J].腐蚀与防护,2001,22(5)：229-231.
[6]徐金璋译.合金元素和组织对马氏体不锈钢的耐蚀性和硬度的影响[J].2001：40-44.
[7]齐俊杰,黄运华,张跃.微合金化钢[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2006：44-47.
[8]孟繁茂,付俊岩.现代含铌不锈钢[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2004,19-22.
[9]吴玖.双相不锈钢[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2002：102-115.
[10]韩栋,刘道新,奚运涛.喷丸强化因素对钛合金固体粒子冲蚀抗力的影响[J].机械科学与技术,2008,4(27)：466-470.
[11]李诗卓,董祥林.材料的冲蚀磨损与微动磨损[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1987,1-85.
[12]Mamata Kumari Padhy, R. P. Saini. A review on silt erosion in hydro turbines[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(2008):1974-1987.
[13]I. Finnie.Erosion of surfaces by solid particles [J]. Wear,1960,3(2): 87-103.
[14]董刚.材料冲蚀行为及机理研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004：3-12.
[15]冯云春.钢体PDC钻头耐冲蚀性能研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文,2006：2-3.
[16]J. G.. A. Bitter. Study of erosion phenomena [J]. Wea,1963(6):5-21.
[17]康进兴,赵文轸,朱金华等.材料抗冲蚀性的研究进展[J].材料保护,2001：22-23.
[18]董刚,张九渊.固体粒子冲蚀磨损研究进展[J].材料科学与工程学报,2003(2)：30-311.
[19]邵荷生,曲敬信,陈华辉等.摩擦与磨损[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1992：273-275.
[20]刘家浚.材料的磨损原理及其耐磨性[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001,185-187.
[21]I. Hussainova. Some aspects of soid particle erosion of cennets[J]. Tribology Intema tional,2001(34):89-93.
[22]林福严.磨擦与磨损术[M].煤炭工业出版社,1992：274-276.
[23]张玉苹.SiC/钢基表面复合材料冲蚀磨损性能研究[D].西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2007：1-4.
[24]柳伟等.材料冲蚀研究进展[J].中国腐蚀与防腐学报,2001,520-254.
[25]A. P. Harsha, Deepak Kumar Bhaskar. Solid particle erosion behaviour of ferrous and non-ferrous materials and correlation of erosion data with erosion models[J]. Materials and Design,29(2008): 1745-1754.
[26]Iain Finnie. Some reflections on the past and future of erosion [J]. Wear,1995:186-187.
[27]Akhilesh K. Chauhan, D. B. Goel, S. Prakash. Solid particle erosion behaviour of 13Cr-4Ni and 21Cr-4Ni-N steels[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,467(2009):459-464.
[28]B. A. Lindsley, A. R. Marder. The effect of velocity on the solid particle erosion rate of alloys [J]. Wear,225-229(1999):510-516.
[29]李媛.反应烧结SiC陶瓷冲蚀磨损性能研究[D].西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2008：3.
[30]贺琦,张凤雷,魏俊俊等.自支撑金刚石膜冲蚀磨损研究[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工,2007：8-12.
[31]梁宗辉.钢体PDC钻头耐冲蚀实验研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文,2007：9-10.
[32]刘娟,许洪元,齐龙浩等.几种水机常用金属材料的冲蚀磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2005：470-473.
[33]许洪元,罗先武.磨料固液泵[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2000：173.
[34]Girish R. Desale, Bhupendra K. Gandhi, S. C. Jain. Effect of erodent properties on erosion wear of ductile type materials[J]. Wear,261 (2006):914-921.
[35]K. A. Schwetz, L. S. Sigl, J. Greim, H. Knoch. Wear of boron carbide ceramics by abrasive waterjets[J]. Wear,1995:148-155.
[36]何奖爱,王玉玮.材料磨损与耐磨材料[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2002：82-92.
[37]孙大仁,曹占义,杨晓红等.低碳钢在铝合金熔体中冲蚀磨损的研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2003：288-291.
[38]A. L. Ham, J. A. Yeomans, J. F. Watts. Elevated temperature solid particle erosion of silicon continuous fibre reinforced calcium aluminosilicate glass ceramic matrix composite[J]. Wear,203-204 (1997):387-392.
[39]P. H. Shipway, I. M. Hutchings. The role of particle properties in the erosion of brittle materials[J]. Wear,1996 (193):105-113.
[40]Irina Hussainova, Jakob Kubarsepp, Juri Pirso. Mechanical properties and features of erosion of cermets [J]. Wear,2001 (250):818-825.
[41]周建龙.长江水/泥砂多相流动体系中金属的防护研究[D].武汉材料保护研究所硕士学位论文,2002：3-4.
[42]张清.金属磨损和金属耐磨材料手册[M].北京：冶金工业出版社1991.
[43]马颖,任峻,李元东等.冲蚀磨损研究的进展[J].兰州理工大学学报,2005,2：21-25.
[44]LEVY A V. The erosion of strure alloys, ceramets and in situ oxide scales on steels[J]. Wear,1988(127):31-52.
[45]Postlethwaite J, Tinker E B, Hawrylak M W. Erosion-corrosion in slurry pipelines 1974,30(8):285-290.
[46]李平.酸性液固两相流中不锈钢冲刷腐蚀行为的研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2006：3-4.
[47]Ming Zhao, Jiadao Wang. The difference between synergistic erosion-corrosion and corrosion of mild steel in SiC suspension[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,466(2008):421-428.
[48]杨锐鹏,翁永基.X70和16Mn钢腐蚀行为比较：Ⅲ.腐蚀磨损[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2006：50-53.
[49]A. Neville, T. Hodgkiess. A study of the erosion-corrosion behaviour of engineering steels for marine pumping applications[J]. Wear, 186-187(1995):497-507.
[50]张安峰,邢建东.动态与静态纯腐蚀对定量研究材料冲刷腐蚀交互作用的影响[J].金属学报,2002：521-524.
[51]姜晓霞,李诗卓,李曙.金属的腐蚀磨损[M].化学工业出版社,2003：196-270.
[52]代真,沈士明.金属在固液两相流体中的冲刷腐蚀及其防护[J].腐蚀与防护,2007：86-89.
[53]吴成红,甘复兴.金属在两相流动水体中的冲刷腐蚀[J].材料保护,2000：33-35.
[54]Tiancheng Zhang, D. Y. Li. An experimental study on the erosion behavior of pseudoelastic TiNi alloy in dry sand and in aggressive media[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, A293(2000):208-214.
[55]A. Neville, M. Reyes, T. Hodgkiess, A. Gledhill. Mechanisms of wear on a Co-base alloy in liquid-solid slurries[J]. Wear,2000: 138-150.
[56]郑红霞,李靖,曹晓明等.钴基合金在锌液中的摩擦磨损性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2006：32-35.
[57]汪瑞俊.铬镍锰钼低碳高合金钢组织性能研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007：11-12.
[58]侯峰,徐宏,许林云等.PTA装置不锈钢材料腐蚀磨损的探讨[J].合成纤维工业,2005：34-36.
[59]黄春峰.1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢叶片热加工工艺与力学性能[J].航空与航天,2002,(3)：29-32.
[60]第一机械工业部第一设计院编：工业炉设计手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1981：50.
[61]文道维,高秀玲.1Cr17Ni2马氏体不锈钢力学性能及抗腐蚀性能研究[J].大电机技术,1997,(2)：33-38.
[62]黄赟,陶华,张广来等.不同热处理对1Cr17Ni2钢材料性能及其应用的影响[J].机械强度,2005,27(6)：847-850.
[63]黄春峰.1Cr17Ni2钢叶片热处理工艺的优化[J].技术改造技术革新,1999,(2)：58-59.
[64]官力,孙云焕.1Cr17Ni2钢的热处理性能研究[J].上海汽轮机,2000,(3)：30-33.
[65]钟培道.1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb钢的回火转变研究[J].材料工程,1989：7-11.
[66]严携民,王蓉,韩冻等.1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢的回火转变[J].钢铁,1990,4(25)：52-55.
[67]文道维,宋秀凤.1Cr17Ni2马氏体不锈钢的力学性能及抗腐蚀性能的研究[J].大电机技术,1997,33-38.
[68]王玉磊,刘俊友等.Cr含量对铬硅锰合金耐磨铸铁性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(5)：18-21.
[2]陈冠国,褚秀萍.关于冲蚀磨损问题[J].河北理工学院学报,1997,19(4)：27-32.
[3]何亮亮.边界元法评价和优化船舶腐蚀防护方案的研究[D].大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2008：1.
[4]刘正发,徐哲,张春梅.某型压气机叶片防护层耐蚀性研究[J].热能动力工程,2007：490-494.
[5]徐增华.金属耐蚀材料[J].腐蚀与防护,2001,22(5)：229-231.
[6]徐金璋译.合金元素和组织对马氏体不锈钢的耐蚀性和硬度的影响[J].2001：40-44.
[7]齐俊杰,黄运华,张跃.微合金化钢[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2006：44-47.
[8]孟繁茂,付俊岩.现代含铌不锈钢[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2004,19-22.
[9]吴玖.双相不锈钢[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2002：102-115.
[10]韩栋,刘道新,奚运涛.喷丸强化因素对钛合金固体粒子冲蚀抗力的影响[J].机械科学与技术,2008,4(27)：466-470.
[11]李诗卓,董祥林.材料的冲蚀磨损与微动磨损[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1987,1-85.
[12]Mamata Kumari Padhy, R. P. Saini. A review on silt erosion in hydro turbines[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(2008):1974-1987.
[13]I. Finnie.Erosion of surfaces by solid particles [J]. Wear,1960,3(2): 87-103.
[14]董刚.材料冲蚀行为及机理研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004：3-12.
[15]冯云春.钢体PDC钻头耐冲蚀性能研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文,2006：2-3.
[16]J. G.. A. Bitter. Study of erosion phenomena [J]. Wea,1963(6):5-21.
[17]康进兴,赵文轸,朱金华等.材料抗冲蚀性的研究进展[J].材料保护,2001：22-23.
[18]董刚,张九渊.固体粒子冲蚀磨损研究进展[J].材料科学与工程学报,2003(2)：30-311.
[19]邵荷生,曲敬信,陈华辉等.摩擦与磨损[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1992：273-275.
[20]刘家浚.材料的磨损原理及其耐磨性[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001,185-187.
[21]I. Hussainova. Some aspects of soid particle erosion of cennets[J]. Tribology Intema tional,2001(34):89-93.
[22]林福严.磨擦与磨损术[M].煤炭工业出版社,1992：274-276.
[23]张玉苹.SiC/钢基表面复合材料冲蚀磨损性能研究[D].西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2007：1-4.
[24]柳伟等.材料冲蚀研究进展[J].中国腐蚀与防腐学报,2001,520-254.
[25]A. P. Harsha, Deepak Kumar Bhaskar. Solid particle erosion behaviour of ferrous and non-ferrous materials and correlation of erosion data with erosion models[J]. Materials and Design,29(2008): 1745-1754.
[26]Iain Finnie. Some reflections on the past and future of erosion [J]. Wear,1995:186-187.
[27]Akhilesh K. Chauhan, D. B. Goel, S. Prakash. Solid particle erosion behaviour of 13Cr-4Ni and 21Cr-4Ni-N steels[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,467(2009):459-464.
[28]B. A. Lindsley, A. R. Marder. The effect of velocity on the solid particle erosion rate of alloys [J]. Wear,225-229(1999):510-516.
[29]李媛.反应烧结SiC陶瓷冲蚀磨损性能研究[D].西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2008：3.
[30]贺琦,张凤雷,魏俊俊等.自支撑金刚石膜冲蚀磨损研究[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工,2007：8-12.
[31]梁宗辉.钢体PDC钻头耐冲蚀实验研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文,2007：9-10.
[32]刘娟,许洪元,齐龙浩等.几种水机常用金属材料的冲蚀磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2005：470-473.
[33]许洪元,罗先武.磨料固液泵[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2000：173.
[34]Girish R. Desale, Bhupendra K. Gandhi, S. C. Jain. Effect of erodent properties on erosion wear of ductile type materials[J]. Wear,261 (2006):914-921.
[35]K. A. Schwetz, L. S. Sigl, J. Greim, H. Knoch. Wear of boron carbide ceramics by abrasive waterjets[J]. Wear,1995:148-155.
[36]何奖爱,王玉玮.材料磨损与耐磨材料[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2002：82-92.
[37]孙大仁,曹占义,杨晓红等.低碳钢在铝合金熔体中冲蚀磨损的研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2003：288-291.
[38]A. L. Ham, J. A. Yeomans, J. F. Watts. Elevated temperature solid particle erosion of silicon continuous fibre reinforced calcium aluminosilicate glass ceramic matrix composite[J]. Wear,203-204 (1997):387-392.
[39]P. H. Shipway, I. M. Hutchings. The role of particle properties in the erosion of brittle materials[J]. Wear,1996 (193):105-113.
[40]Irina Hussainova, Jakob Kubarsepp, Juri Pirso. Mechanical properties and features of erosion of cermets [J]. Wear,2001 (250):818-825.
[41]周建龙.长江水/泥砂多相流动体系中金属的防护研究[D].武汉材料保护研究所硕士学位论文,2002：3-4.
[42]张清.金属磨损和金属耐磨材料手册[M].北京：冶金工业出版社1991.
[43]马颖,任峻,李元东等.冲蚀磨损研究的进展[J].兰州理工大学学报,2005,2：21-25.
[44]LEVY A V. The erosion of strure alloys, ceramets and in situ oxide scales on steels[J]. Wear,1988(127):31-52.
[45]Postlethwaite J, Tinker E B, Hawrylak M W. Erosion-corrosion in slurry pipelines 1974,30(8):285-290.
[46]李平.酸性液固两相流中不锈钢冲刷腐蚀行为的研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2006：3-4.
[47]Ming Zhao, Jiadao Wang. The difference between synergistic erosion-corrosion and corrosion of mild steel in SiC suspension[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,466(2008):421-428.
[48]杨锐鹏,翁永基.X70和16Mn钢腐蚀行为比较：Ⅲ.腐蚀磨损[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2006：50-53.
[49]A. Neville, T. Hodgkiess. A study of the erosion-corrosion behaviour of engineering steels for marine pumping applications[J]. Wear, 186-187(1995):497-507.
[50]张安峰,邢建东.动态与静态纯腐蚀对定量研究材料冲刷腐蚀交互作用的影响[J].金属学报,2002：521-524.
[51]姜晓霞,李诗卓,李曙.金属的腐蚀磨损[M].化学工业出版社,2003：196-270.
[52]代真,沈士明.金属在固液两相流体中的冲刷腐蚀及其防护[J].腐蚀与防护,2007：86-89.
[53]吴成红,甘复兴.金属在两相流动水体中的冲刷腐蚀[J].材料保护,2000：33-35.
[54]Tiancheng Zhang, D. Y. Li. An experimental study on the erosion behavior of pseudoelastic TiNi alloy in dry sand and in aggressive media[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, A293(2000):208-214.
[55]A. Neville, M. Reyes, T. Hodgkiess, A. Gledhill. Mechanisms of wear on a Co-base alloy in liquid-solid slurries[J]. Wear,2000: 138-150.
[56]郑红霞,李靖,曹晓明等.钴基合金在锌液中的摩擦磨损性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2006：32-35.
[57]汪瑞俊.铬镍锰钼低碳高合金钢组织性能研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007：11-12.
[58]侯峰,徐宏,许林云等.PTA装置不锈钢材料腐蚀磨损的探讨[J].合成纤维工业,2005：34-36.
[59]黄春峰.1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢叶片热加工工艺与力学性能[J].航空与航天,2002,(3)：29-32.
[60]第一机械工业部第一设计院编：工业炉设计手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1981：50.
[61]文道维,高秀玲.1Cr17Ni2马氏体不锈钢力学性能及抗腐蚀性能研究[J].大电机技术,1997,(2)：33-38.
[62]黄赟,陶华,张广来等.不同热处理对1Cr17Ni2钢材料性能及其应用的影响[J].机械强度,2005,27(6)：847-850.
[63]黄春峰.1Cr17Ni2钢叶片热处理工艺的优化[J].技术改造技术革新,1999,(2)：58-59.
[64]官力,孙云焕.1Cr17Ni2钢的热处理性能研究[J].上海汽轮机,2000,(3)：30-33.
[65]钟培道.1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb钢的回火转变研究[J].材料工程,1989：7-11.
[66]严携民,王蓉,韩冻等.1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢的回火转变[J].钢铁,1990,4(25)：52-55.
[67]文道维,宋秀凤.1Cr17Ni2马氏体不锈钢的力学性能及抗腐蚀性能的研究[J].大电机技术,1997,33-38.
[68]王玉磊,刘俊友等.Cr含量对铬硅锰合金耐磨铸铁性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(5)：18-21.