模具材料激光表面强化技术研究
摘要
激光表面相变硬化淬火是一种新兴的表面改性技术,该技术有利于淬火层晶粒细化、金属表层强化及金属表面耐磨性提高。
论文采用DL-HL-10000B二氧化碳激光器对3Cr2W8V热作模具钢和Cr12MoV冷作模具钢进行激光表面淬火处理。研究了淬火工艺如激光功率、扫描速度、光斑尺寸以及搭接率等参数对淬火层显微组织结构、硬化层深度和硬度的影响,得到如下结论：
1.对3Cr2W8V模具钢,激光相变硬化淬火优化工艺参数是：3500W激光功率,30mm×1mm激光光斑,0.8mm-0.85m/min激光扫描速度,1mm－2mm激光光斑搭接尺寸；经激光相变硬化淬火处理后表面处理层组织为均匀的超细晶高位错密度淬火马氏体和含过饱和碳的残余奥氏体。
2.对Cr12MoV模具钢,激光相变硬化淬火优化工艺参数是：3500W激光功率,30mm×1mm激光光斑,激光扫描速度0.8mm－0.85m/min,lmm－2mm激光光斑搭接尺寸；经激光相变硬化淬火处理后表面处理层组织为均匀的超细晶高位错密度淬火马氏体和含过饱和碳的残余奥氏体。
3.3Cr2W8V模具钢表面激光相变硬化淬火后,表面处理层硬度较基体提高超过1.5倍。摩擦磨损实验表明,表面处理层发生轻微的磨粒磨损；未处理表面磨损严重,磨损表面发生粘着磨损,观察到了粘着脱落坑。激光相变硬化淬火处理表面磨损失重较未处理表面减少50.12%。
4.Cr12MoV模具钢表面激光相变硬化淬火后,处理层硬度较基体提高1.5倍,耐磨性能较基体提高1倍；摩擦磨损实验表明,表面处理层轻微磨损,磨损表面仅为犁沟；未处理表面磨损严重,未激光处理的磨损样犁沟较深,发生磨损疲劳并出现了疲劳台阶。
Laser hardening is a new surface modification technology, which is conducive to grain refinement hardening layer, to the strengthening and improvement of the wear resistance for the metal materials.
Papers with DL-HL-10000B carbon dioxide laser on 3Cr2W8V hot die steel and die steel Cr12MoV cold laser surface hardening treatment. Of quenching processes such as laser power, scanning speed, beam parameters such as size and overlap of the quenching rate of layer microstructure, case depth and hardness, the following conclusions:
1. On 3Cr2W8V die steel, laser transformation hardening quenching optimal parameters are:3500W laser power,30mm×lmm laser spot, 0.8mm-0.85m/min laser scanning speed, 1mm-2mm overlap the laser spot size; by laser Transformation hardening quenching surface layer for the uniform quenching of ultrafine grained high dislocation density saturated with carbon martensite and residual austenite.
2. On Cr12MoV die steel, laser transformation hardening quenching optimal parameters are:3500W laser power,30mm×lmm laser spot, laser scanning speed 0.8mm-0.85m/min, lmm-2mm overlap the laser spot size; by laser Transformation hardening quenching surface layer for the uniform quenching of ultrafine grained high dislocation density saturated with carbon martensite and residual austenite.
3.3Cr2W8V die steel after quenching laser transformation hardening, surface hardness than the matrix by more than 1.5 times. Friction and wear experiments show that the surface layer of mild wear, the wear of abrasive wear only the furrows; untreated severe surface wear, the wear surface of adhesive wear, adhesive off pit there. Laser surface transformation hardening quenching wear weight loss decreased 50.12% compared with untreated surface
4. Cr12MoV die steel after quenching laser transformation hardening, hardness treatment 1.5 times higher than the substrate, the wear resistance increased by 1 times higher than the matrix; friction and wear experiments show that the surface layer of minor wear, worn surface furrows only; not Handling severe surface wear, no wear and tear like laser treatment deep furrows, the occurrence of fatigue wear and the emergence of fatigue level.
论文采用DL-HL-10000B二氧化碳激光器对3Cr2W8V热作模具钢和Cr12MoV冷作模具钢进行激光表面淬火处理。研究了淬火工艺如激光功率、扫描速度、光斑尺寸以及搭接率等参数对淬火层显微组织结构、硬化层深度和硬度的影响,得到如下结论：
1.对3Cr2W8V模具钢,激光相变硬化淬火优化工艺参数是：3500W激光功率,30mm×1mm激光光斑,0.8mm-0.85m/min激光扫描速度,1mm－2mm激光光斑搭接尺寸；经激光相变硬化淬火处理后表面处理层组织为均匀的超细晶高位错密度淬火马氏体和含过饱和碳的残余奥氏体。
2.对Cr12MoV模具钢,激光相变硬化淬火优化工艺参数是：3500W激光功率,30mm×1mm激光光斑,激光扫描速度0.8mm－0.85m/min,lmm－2mm激光光斑搭接尺寸；经激光相变硬化淬火处理后表面处理层组织为均匀的超细晶高位错密度淬火马氏体和含过饱和碳的残余奥氏体。
3.3Cr2W8V模具钢表面激光相变硬化淬火后,表面处理层硬度较基体提高超过1.5倍。摩擦磨损实验表明,表面处理层发生轻微的磨粒磨损；未处理表面磨损严重,磨损表面发生粘着磨损,观察到了粘着脱落坑。激光相变硬化淬火处理表面磨损失重较未处理表面减少50.12%。
4.Cr12MoV模具钢表面激光相变硬化淬火后,处理层硬度较基体提高1.5倍,耐磨性能较基体提高1倍；摩擦磨损实验表明,表面处理层轻微磨损,磨损表面仅为犁沟；未处理表面磨损严重,未激光处理的磨损样犁沟较深,发生磨损疲劳并出现了疲劳台阶。
Laser hardening is a new surface modification technology, which is conducive to grain refinement hardening layer, to the strengthening and improvement of the wear resistance for the metal materials.
Papers with DL-HL-10000B carbon dioxide laser on 3Cr2W8V hot die steel and die steel Cr12MoV cold laser surface hardening treatment. Of quenching processes such as laser power, scanning speed, beam parameters such as size and overlap of the quenching rate of layer microstructure, case depth and hardness, the following conclusions:
1. On 3Cr2W8V die steel, laser transformation hardening quenching optimal parameters are:3500W laser power,30mm×lmm laser spot, 0.8mm-0.85m/min laser scanning speed, 1mm-2mm overlap the laser spot size; by laser Transformation hardening quenching surface layer for the uniform quenching of ultrafine grained high dislocation density saturated with carbon martensite and residual austenite.
2. On Cr12MoV die steel, laser transformation hardening quenching optimal parameters are:3500W laser power,30mm×lmm laser spot, laser scanning speed 0.8mm-0.85m/min, lmm-2mm overlap the laser spot size; by laser Transformation hardening quenching surface layer for the uniform quenching of ultrafine grained high dislocation density saturated with carbon martensite and residual austenite.
3.3Cr2W8V die steel after quenching laser transformation hardening, surface hardness than the matrix by more than 1.5 times. Friction and wear experiments show that the surface layer of mild wear, the wear of abrasive wear only the furrows; untreated severe surface wear, the wear surface of adhesive wear, adhesive off pit there. Laser surface transformation hardening quenching wear weight loss decreased 50.12% compared with untreated surface
4. Cr12MoV die steel after quenching laser transformation hardening, hardness treatment 1.5 times higher than the substrate, the wear resistance increased by 1 times higher than the matrix; friction and wear experiments show that the surface layer of minor wear, worn surface furrows only; not Handling severe surface wear, no wear and tear like laser treatment deep furrows, the occurrence of fatigue wear and the emergence of fatigue level.
引文
[1]李金桂.现代表面工程学的新发展.航空工程与维修,1999,(18)：13-15.
[2]李金桂等.现代表面工程设计手册.北京：国防工业出版社,2000.
[3]田福祥.现代模具技术的特点及其发展趋势.热加工工艺,2004,(8)：55-58.
[4]余际新.模具表面强化技术的应用与模具寿命.模具设计与制造,2004,(1)： 62
[5]马思臣.现代模具工业发展述评.机械工程师,2006(3)：23-24
[6]陈再良等.模具失效分析和改性技术中的一些问题探讨.2008全国模具失效分析与改良技术研讨会论文集,2008：1-4
[7]刘胜国,我国冲压模具技术的现状与发展.机械工程师,2006(5)：11-14
[8]王都.坚持与俱进,抓好技术创新.模具工业,2002(8)：3-6
[9]钟群鹏等.失效分析预测预防与公共安全.理化检验-物理分册,2005(Vol41)：14
[10]周永泰.我国汽车冲压模具的现状与发展.技术与市场,2007(14)：29
[11]徐滨士,刘世参.表面工程新技术.北京.国防工业出版社2002-01
[12]戴达煌,周克崧.现代材料表面技术科学.北京：冶金工业出版社,2004.
[13]徐洪烟等.激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的探讨.金属成形工艺,2001,19(3)
[14]林益平.工模具钢激光热处理现状及发展方向.机械制造,1998,(5)
[15]沈利群.从文献报道看我国激光热处理发展现状.金属热处理,1991(9),54-58
[16]李俊昌.激光热处理现状分析[J]昆明理工大学学报,1999,22(1)：146-149.
[17]张光钧.激光热处理的现状及发展.金属热处理,2000,(1)：6-12.
[18]徐滨士等.材料表面工程.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2005
[19]应小东等.激光表面改性技术及国内外发展现状.焊接,2003,(1)：5-8
[20]C.M. Preece, C. W. Draper The effect of laser quenching the surfaces of steels on their cavitation erosion resistance. Wear 1981, V ol.67(4) 321-328
[21]M. Bonek, L. A. Dobrski, E. Hajduczeketal. Structure and propertions of laser alloyed surface layers on the hot-work tool steel. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology,2005, Vol.351(6):322-330
[22]Q Straffelini, A. Molonari Dry sliding behavior of steam treated sintered iron ailoys. Wear,1992,159:127
[23]关振中等.激光加工工艺手册.北京：中国计量出版社,2007
[24]庄其仁等.模具表面的激光热处理研究.中国激光2002,29(3)：271-276
[25]朱婕.钢铁材料激光处理后的组织与性能..北京：清华大学博士论文,1990.
[26]丁阳息.模具钢激光表面改性技术的研究进展.模具工业2007(9)： 65-68
[27]刘江龙.激光表面淬火强化技术的工艺基础.表面技术,1994(5)：213-219
[28]冯端,师昌绪,刘志国.材料科学导论.北京：化学工业出版社.2002.
[29]孙承伟.激光辐照效应.北京：国防工业出版社,2002
[30]李俊昌.激光的衍射及热作用计算.北京：科学出版社,2002
[31]李俊昌.激光热处理优化控制研究.北京：冶金工业出版社,1995
[32]陶春虎.失效分析.北京：国防工业出版社,2005
[33]邵荷生等.摩擦与磨损.北京：煤炭工业出版社.1992
[34]束德林.金属力学性能.北京：机械工业出版社.1987
[35]J. Bcnedek. Absorptance of material for laser on steel surface [J]. Optics and Laser Techoology,1980, Vol.12(6):247
[36]刘怀喜等.综合工艺参数对常用钢铁材料的激光淬火特性的影响.激光杂志,2001,22(1)：33-34
[37]陈传忠等.W18Cr4v高速钢激光相变硬化的组织及性能.山东工业大学学报,1992
[38]C. M. Preece, C. W. DraPer:The effect of laser quenching the surfaces of steels on their cavitation erosion resistance. Wear 1981 Vol.67(4)
[39]黄卫东.激光快速凝固微观组织形成原理.第四届全国激光加工学术会议论文集[C],北京：冶金工业出版社,1997：101-103
[40]朱捷.Cr12钢激光相变硬化机理.金属热处理学报,1990.11(4)：67-73
[41]徐洪烟等. CrWMn钢激光相变硬化层的耐磨性.福建农林大学学报,2004(3)： 219-134
[42]陈莉等.激光处理压铸用模具钢的耐磨性能研究.种铸造及有色合金,2008(3)：201-203
[43]陈莉.仿生非光滑表面热作模具的磨料磨损性能研究.长春：吉林大学博士论文,2007
[44]Murakiyasunor, i Fujita Hirok. I Mending Method of Continuous Casting Mold. JP Pat:10-305351,1998.
[45]Catonne J C, Allely C, Nicolle R, et a.l Method for Regulating External Surface of Continuous Casting Mold Made of Copper or Copper Alloy Including Nickel Plating Stage and Nickel Removing Stage. JP Pat:10-034285,1998.
[2]李金桂等.现代表面工程设计手册.北京：国防工业出版社,2000.
[3]田福祥.现代模具技术的特点及其发展趋势.热加工工艺,2004,(8)：55-58.
[4]余际新.模具表面强化技术的应用与模具寿命.模具设计与制造,2004,(1)： 62
[5]马思臣.现代模具工业发展述评.机械工程师,2006(3)：23-24
[6]陈再良等.模具失效分析和改性技术中的一些问题探讨.2008全国模具失效分析与改良技术研讨会论文集,2008：1-4
[7]刘胜国,我国冲压模具技术的现状与发展.机械工程师,2006(5)：11-14
[8]王都.坚持与俱进,抓好技术创新.模具工业,2002(8)：3-6
[9]钟群鹏等.失效分析预测预防与公共安全.理化检验-物理分册,2005(Vol41)：14
[10]周永泰.我国汽车冲压模具的现状与发展.技术与市场,2007(14)：29
[11]徐滨士,刘世参.表面工程新技术.北京.国防工业出版社2002-01
[12]戴达煌,周克崧.现代材料表面技术科学.北京：冶金工业出版社,2004.
[13]徐洪烟等.激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的探讨.金属成形工艺,2001,19(3)
[14]林益平.工模具钢激光热处理现状及发展方向.机械制造,1998,(5)
[15]沈利群.从文献报道看我国激光热处理发展现状.金属热处理,1991(9),54-58
[16]李俊昌.激光热处理现状分析[J]昆明理工大学学报,1999,22(1)：146-149.
[17]张光钧.激光热处理的现状及发展.金属热处理,2000,(1)：6-12.
[18]徐滨士等.材料表面工程.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2005
[19]应小东等.激光表面改性技术及国内外发展现状.焊接,2003,(1)：5-8
[20]C.M. Preece, C. W. Draper The effect of laser quenching the surfaces of steels on their cavitation erosion resistance. Wear 1981, V ol.67(4) 321-328
[21]M. Bonek, L. A. Dobrski, E. Hajduczeketal. Structure and propertions of laser alloyed surface layers on the hot-work tool steel. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology,2005, Vol.351(6):322-330
[22]Q Straffelini, A. Molonari Dry sliding behavior of steam treated sintered iron ailoys. Wear,1992,159:127
[23]关振中等.激光加工工艺手册.北京：中国计量出版社,2007
[24]庄其仁等.模具表面的激光热处理研究.中国激光2002,29(3)：271-276
[25]朱婕.钢铁材料激光处理后的组织与性能..北京：清华大学博士论文,1990.
[26]丁阳息.模具钢激光表面改性技术的研究进展.模具工业2007(9)： 65-68
[27]刘江龙.激光表面淬火强化技术的工艺基础.表面技术,1994(5)：213-219
[28]冯端,师昌绪,刘志国.材料科学导论.北京：化学工业出版社.2002.
[29]孙承伟.激光辐照效应.北京：国防工业出版社,2002
[30]李俊昌.激光的衍射及热作用计算.北京：科学出版社,2002
[31]李俊昌.激光热处理优化控制研究.北京：冶金工业出版社,1995
[32]陶春虎.失效分析.北京：国防工业出版社,2005
[33]邵荷生等.摩擦与磨损.北京：煤炭工业出版社.1992
[34]束德林.金属力学性能.北京：机械工业出版社.1987
[35]J. Bcnedek. Absorptance of material for laser on steel surface [J]. Optics and Laser Techoology,1980, Vol.12(6):247
[36]刘怀喜等.综合工艺参数对常用钢铁材料的激光淬火特性的影响.激光杂志,2001,22(1)：33-34
[37]陈传忠等.W18Cr4v高速钢激光相变硬化的组织及性能.山东工业大学学报,1992
[38]C. M. Preece, C. W. DraPer:The effect of laser quenching the surfaces of steels on their cavitation erosion resistance. Wear 1981 Vol.67(4)
[39]黄卫东.激光快速凝固微观组织形成原理.第四届全国激光加工学术会议论文集[C],北京：冶金工业出版社,1997：101-103
[40]朱捷.Cr12钢激光相变硬化机理.金属热处理学报,1990.11(4)：67-73
[41]徐洪烟等. CrWMn钢激光相变硬化层的耐磨性.福建农林大学学报,2004(3)： 219-134
[42]陈莉等.激光处理压铸用模具钢的耐磨性能研究.种铸造及有色合金,2008(3)：201-203
[43]陈莉.仿生非光滑表面热作模具的磨料磨损性能研究.长春：吉林大学博士论文,2007
[44]Murakiyasunor, i Fujita Hirok. I Mending Method of Continuous Casting Mold. JP Pat:10-305351,1998.
[45]Catonne J C, Allely C, Nicolle R, et a.l Method for Regulating External Surface of Continuous Casting Mold Made of Copper or Copper Alloy Including Nickel Plating Stage and Nickel Removing Stage. JP Pat:10-034285,1998.