硬脂酸白土的制备与应用
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摘要
有机膨润土是采用有机改性剂对膨润土进行改性而得到的一种憎水亲油膨润土,目前常用的有机改性剂为三甲基十六烷基溴化胺,由于改性剂价格较高,加上膨润土杂质多、颜色较深,制备亲油性好、色泽浅的有机膨润土较为困难。有人采用硬脂酸改性碱性钙基膨润土制备了部分剥离硬脂酸膨润土,该膨润土色泽较浅、分散性好,但碱性钙基膨润土的制备比较复杂。活性白土为无机酸活化膨润土所得到的一种漂白土,是目前产量最大的一种膨润土深加工产品,主要用于油脂脱色及催化,为了扩大活性白土的应用范围,本文利用负载氢氧化钙的活性白土与硬脂酸反应,把活性白土的酸性表面改性为亲油表面,得到了一种价格低廉,性能与有机膨润土类似的有机白土,即硬脂酸白土,在膨润土的开发应用方面具有较好的发展前景。
实验采用了单因素分析方法,考察了反应时间、反应温度、硬脂酸添加量和溶剂用量等因素对有机白土有机化含量的影响,并对产品进行了表征及探索性应用。实验结果表明,2.50 g负载氢氧化钙白土在硬脂酸用量为2.00 g、环己烷溶剂为50 ml、反应时间为2.0 h及反应温度为50℃下有机化含量达到36.3%,达到了传统有机土的水平。XRD表征表明硬脂酸进入了蒙脱石层间,使得层间距增大；SEM扫描表明蒙脱石发生了部分剥离,得到的产品为片状结构,片的厚度在100 nm以内；DSC测定表明硬脂酸白土具有较好的憎水性。应用实验发现有机白土可以吸附5.1倍自身重量的油,在吸油材料领域具有一定的应用。通过与纸、织物及棉花等吸油材料的性能比较,发现硬脂酸白土在吸油材料方面具有优势。
Organic bentonite is a kind of hate water close to oil bentonite which is modified by organic modifier. Organic modifier currently used for cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide at present, because of a higher price of modifier, bentonite have a lot of impurities and darker color, preparation of close to oil and light color organic bentonite is hard. Some people modified alkaline calcium base bentonite with stearic acid, to get the partially delaminated Stearic Acid Montmorillonite, this kind of bentonite have light colour and good dispersion, but preparation of alkaline calcium base bentonite is complex. Activated clay is a kind of bleaching clay which is activated by inorganic acid,is currently the largest amount of bentonite deep processing product, mainly is used for oil decoloring and catalyticcing. In order to expand the application range of activated clay, the paper made use of the reaction of activated clay loaded with calcium hydroxide and stearic acid, modified acidic surface of activated clay for oleophylic surface, to get a kind of organic clay which is similar to organic bentonite and have a lower price, named Stearic Acid Clay. It have a good prospect for the application and development of bentonit.
A single factor analysis was carried out in order to maximize the organic content of the product, by optimizing the reaction parameters such as the time of reaction, the temperature of reaction, the amount of stearic acid and the dosage of solvent, and the product had been characterizationed and used for exploration. The experimental results show that 2.50 g of activated clay loaded with calcium hydroxide,2.00 g of stearic acid,50 mL of carrier solvent, the temperature for 50℃and a reaction time of 2.0 h, under these conditions, the organic ignition loss of the product is 36.3%, reach the level of the traditional organic bentonite. XRD characterization show that the stearic acid anion is intercalated between the layers of activated clay and the layer spacing is expanded; SEM characterization show that the partial delamination occur in the bentonite, the product assume the structure of flake, the thickness of slice is less than 100nm; DSC determination show that Stearic Acid Clay have good hydrophobic. The application experiment find that the organic clay adsorb oil which is 5.1 times the weight of it, and have certain applications in oil-absorbing material field. Compared with the oil-absorbing ability of paper, fabric and cotton, it is found that Stearic Acid Clay take advantage in the oil-absorbing material field.
实验采用了单因素分析方法,考察了反应时间、反应温度、硬脂酸添加量和溶剂用量等因素对有机白土有机化含量的影响,并对产品进行了表征及探索性应用。实验结果表明,2.50 g负载氢氧化钙白土在硬脂酸用量为2.00 g、环己烷溶剂为50 ml、反应时间为2.0 h及反应温度为50℃下有机化含量达到36.3%,达到了传统有机土的水平。XRD表征表明硬脂酸进入了蒙脱石层间,使得层间距增大；SEM扫描表明蒙脱石发生了部分剥离,得到的产品为片状结构,片的厚度在100 nm以内；DSC测定表明硬脂酸白土具有较好的憎水性。应用实验发现有机白土可以吸附5.1倍自身重量的油,在吸油材料领域具有一定的应用。通过与纸、织物及棉花等吸油材料的性能比较,发现硬脂酸白土在吸油材料方面具有优势。
Organic bentonite is a kind of hate water close to oil bentonite which is modified by organic modifier. Organic modifier currently used for cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide at present, because of a higher price of modifier, bentonite have a lot of impurities and darker color, preparation of close to oil and light color organic bentonite is hard. Some people modified alkaline calcium base bentonite with stearic acid, to get the partially delaminated Stearic Acid Montmorillonite, this kind of bentonite have light colour and good dispersion, but preparation of alkaline calcium base bentonite is complex. Activated clay is a kind of bleaching clay which is activated by inorganic acid,is currently the largest amount of bentonite deep processing product, mainly is used for oil decoloring and catalyticcing. In order to expand the application range of activated clay, the paper made use of the reaction of activated clay loaded with calcium hydroxide and stearic acid, modified acidic surface of activated clay for oleophylic surface, to get a kind of organic clay which is similar to organic bentonite and have a lower price, named Stearic Acid Clay. It have a good prospect for the application and development of bentonit.
A single factor analysis was carried out in order to maximize the organic content of the product, by optimizing the reaction parameters such as the time of reaction, the temperature of reaction, the amount of stearic acid and the dosage of solvent, and the product had been characterizationed and used for exploration. The experimental results show that 2.50 g of activated clay loaded with calcium hydroxide,2.00 g of stearic acid,50 mL of carrier solvent, the temperature for 50℃and a reaction time of 2.0 h, under these conditions, the organic ignition loss of the product is 36.3%, reach the level of the traditional organic bentonite. XRD characterization show that the stearic acid anion is intercalated between the layers of activated clay and the layer spacing is expanded; SEM characterization show that the partial delamination occur in the bentonite, the product assume the structure of flake, the thickness of slice is less than 100nm; DSC determination show that Stearic Acid Clay have good hydrophobic. The application experiment find that the organic clay adsorb oil which is 5.1 times the weight of it, and have certain applications in oil-absorbing material field. Compared with the oil-absorbing ability of paper, fabric and cotton, it is found that Stearic Acid Clay take advantage in the oil-absorbing material field.
引文
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[17]王重,谢士光,陈德芳,李运康.有机膨润土的合成及应用综述[J].辽宁化工,2000,20：36-39.
[18]赵丽颖.机械力化学表面改性对蒙脱石结构和性能的影响[J].非金属矿,2001,24(4)：11-12.
[19]邓友军.有机粘土化学研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(2)：197-203.
[20]韦藤幼,童张法,吴旋.碱性钙基膨润土及其制备方法[P].中国：200510101332X.2005.
[21]韦藤幼,曹玉红,童张法.微波强化改性膨润土的改性及其作用机理[J].过程工程学报,2005,5(4)：411-413.
[22]韦藤幼,童张法,李琪琳.有机酸膨润土及其制备方法[P].中国：200710027154.2007.
[23]高承香,韦藤幼,李殿卿,等.部分剥离型硬脂酸蒙脱石的制备及表征[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(1)：68-72.
[24]李琪琳.碱性钙基膨润土的制备机理探索及其应用研究[D].广西：广西大学,2007：47-48.
[25]Suprakas S R, Masami O. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites:a review from preparation to processing[J]. Progress in Polymer Science 2003,28:1539-1641.
[26]Kornmann X, Berglund L A, Sterte J. Nanocomposites Based on Montmorillonite and Unsaturated Polyester[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science,1998,38(8):1351-1358.
[27]Ginanelis E P. Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites [J]. Advanced materials,1996, 8(1):29-35.
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