燃气热水器辐射地板及地源热泵辐射地板试验研究及传热模型
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摘要
辐射地板作为一种新型空调末端设备，主要利用辐射和对流形式对房间供冷或供暖；与常规空调送风相比，具有热舒适性好、节能、美观、对环境影响小等优点。
本文分别介绍了燃气热水器-辐射地板采暖测试及地源热泵-辐射地板冷暖联供试验，整理并分析在不同冷热源下辐射地板的供冷热参数的测试结果，得到辐射地板有关性能指标，并与常规风冷热泵空调或风机盘管送风方式进行对比。在分析了辐射地板传热机理的基础上，文中利用热传导、大空间的自然对流换热等传热学理论建立了辐射地板的传热模型，再采用有限差分方法对模型求解，所得有关辐射地板供冷热性能的重要参数如地板表面平均温度、热流密度、地板表面复合换热系数等与实测值相差在20％以内，满足工程使用要求；同时得出辐射地板盘管供水温度是影响地板供冷热性能的重要因素的结论。文中通过冬夏两季地源热泵-辐射地板联供系统长期运行工况的测试，对地源热泵辐射地板联供系统的供冷热性能及地板供冷的表面结露等问题进行了定性分析，最后用一工程实践对系统的实用性进行验证。
通过燃气热水器制热的辐射地板供暖与地源热泵制热的辐射地板供暖性能实验的对比，可以看出地源热泵的供热性能系数高于燃气热水器，同时在长江中下游地区还可在过渡季节利用闭式循环水吸收土壤冷量对房间进行供冷，提高系统运行的经济性。此外，文中辐射地板系统的实验系统、实测数据等对工程实践具有一定的指导作用。
As new terminal equipment in air-conditioning, the mechanism of radiant floor is heating or cooling the room mainly through radiation and convection. Compared with traditional air-conditioning, its advantages lie in thermal comfort energy efficiency free use of spacing and etc.
This paper introduces the procedure and the result of the experiment of gas-heater radiant floor system and GSHP radiant floor system and compares them with traditional air-conditioner. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer of radiant floor, this paper uses the theory of heat transfer to establish a mathematical model and computes it with difference equation. The important factors inferred from the model such as floor surface temperature heat intensity composite heat transfer coefficient deviate from the experiment result in a small range of 20% and fit the need of the practical use. Moreover, the experiment result shows that the temperature of the supply water is an important factor influencing the hearing or cooling capacity of the radiant floor. Through the survey of the GSHP-radiant floor system in summer and winter, this paper lays emphasis on the performance test of this united system and the analysis of the condense of the cooling floor surface. At last, there is a practical design of GSHP-radiant system in a villa in ChongQing.
The compare of the gas-heater radiant floor system and the GSHP radiant floor system indicates that the heating performance coefficient of the GSHP is higher than the gas-heater to a large extent. In addition, this united system can use the closed circling water in the underground heat exchanger to remove the surplus heat load in transitional season. Furthermore, the design and construction described in this paper are helpful to practical use.
本文分别介绍了燃气热水器-辐射地板采暖测试及地源热泵-辐射地板冷暖联供试验，整理并分析在不同冷热源下辐射地板的供冷热参数的测试结果，得到辐射地板有关性能指标，并与常规风冷热泵空调或风机盘管送风方式进行对比。在分析了辐射地板传热机理的基础上，文中利用热传导、大空间的自然对流换热等传热学理论建立了辐射地板的传热模型，再采用有限差分方法对模型求解，所得有关辐射地板供冷热性能的重要参数如地板表面平均温度、热流密度、地板表面复合换热系数等与实测值相差在20％以内，满足工程使用要求；同时得出辐射地板盘管供水温度是影响地板供冷热性能的重要因素的结论。文中通过冬夏两季地源热泵-辐射地板联供系统长期运行工况的测试，对地源热泵辐射地板联供系统的供冷热性能及地板供冷的表面结露等问题进行了定性分析，最后用一工程实践对系统的实用性进行验证。
通过燃气热水器制热的辐射地板供暖与地源热泵制热的辐射地板供暖性能实验的对比，可以看出地源热泵的供热性能系数高于燃气热水器，同时在长江中下游地区还可在过渡季节利用闭式循环水吸收土壤冷量对房间进行供冷，提高系统运行的经济性。此外，文中辐射地板系统的实验系统、实测数据等对工程实践具有一定的指导作用。
As new terminal equipment in air-conditioning, the mechanism of radiant floor is heating or cooling the room mainly through radiation and convection. Compared with traditional air-conditioning, its advantages lie in thermal comfort energy efficiency free use of spacing and etc.
This paper introduces the procedure and the result of the experiment of gas-heater radiant floor system and GSHP radiant floor system and compares them with traditional air-conditioner. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer of radiant floor, this paper uses the theory of heat transfer to establish a mathematical model and computes it with difference equation. The important factors inferred from the model such as floor surface temperature heat intensity composite heat transfer coefficient deviate from the experiment result in a small range of 20% and fit the need of the practical use. Moreover, the experiment result shows that the temperature of the supply water is an important factor influencing the hearing or cooling capacity of the radiant floor. Through the survey of the GSHP-radiant floor system in summer and winter, this paper lays emphasis on the performance test of this united system and the analysis of the condense of the cooling floor surface. At last, there is a practical design of GSHP-radiant system in a villa in ChongQing.
The compare of the gas-heater radiant floor system and the GSHP radiant floor system indicates that the heating performance coefficient of the GSHP is higher than the gas-heater to a large extent. In addition, this united system can use the closed circling water in the underground heat exchanger to remove the surplus heat load in transitional season. Furthermore, the design and construction described in this paper are helpful to practical use.
引文
[1] 王子介·地板供暖及其发展方向·暖通空调·1999·6期·p35-38
[2] 胡松涛等·低温地板辐射采暖系统的实测与分析·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p38-43
[3] 丁良士等·地板采暖与天花板采暖的舒适性实验研究·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p23-27
[4] 亢燕铭等·地板辐射采暖的节能效应分析·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p32-35
[5] 胡松涛等·地板辐射供暖系统运行工况动态仿真·暖通空调·1999·4期·p15-17
[6] 候鸿章等·低温辐射采暖计算及设计布置·全国暖通年会论文集·1999·p25-31
[7] 杨巍等·低温地板辐射采暖的传热模拟·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p28-31
[8] Haruo Hanibuchi·Basic Study of Radiative and Convective Heat Exchange in a Room with Floor Heating·ASHRAE Transaction 98·p1098-1105
[9] 宋秀章·浅谈低温地板辐射采暖·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p27-30
[10] 候鸿章等·埋管式低温地面辐射采暖技术·暖通空调新技术·2000·1期·p63-66
[11] Bjame W. Olesen, Ph. D. ·Possibilities and Limitations of Radiant Floor Cooling·ASHRAE Transaction 97 vol. 106·Part Ⅰ·p42-48
[12] Birol I. Kilkis, PhD. ·Coolp: A Computer Program for the Design and Analysis of Ceiling Cooling Panels·ASHRAE Transaction 95·p703-710
[13] Birol I. Kilkis, PhD. ·A Simplified Model for the Design of Radiant In-Slab Heating Panels·ASHRAE Transaction 97·p210-216
[14] Richard K. Strand, PhD.·Implementation of a Radiant Heating and Cooling Model into an Integrated Building Energy Analysis Program·ASHRAE Transaction 97 vol. 103·Part Ⅰ·p949-957
[15] Sung-Hwan Cho, PhD.·Temperature Regulation of Radiant Floor Heating System Using Two-Parameter On-Off Control: An Experimental Study·ASHRAE Transaction 97·p966-980
[16] Jean-Paul Isoardi·Surface Cooling in Hospitals: Use of Computer-Aided Design Packages·ASHRAE Tmnsaction95 vol. 101. Part Ⅱ·p717-729
[17] 赵荣义等编·空气调节·第三版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1994
[18] 田胜元、萧曰嵘·实验设计与数据处理·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[19] 陆耀庆主编·供暖通风设计手册·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1987
[20] 周谟仁·流体力学泵与风机·第三版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[21] 章熙民、任泽霈、梅飞鸣编著，陈钟颀主审·传热学·新一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[22] 刘宪英等·浅埋竖管换热器地热源热泵夏季供冷试验研究·暖通空调·2000·4期·p1-4
[23] 徐邦裕等·热泵·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[24] 刘宪英等·家用空调器原理、选择、安装、使用及维修·重庆·重庆出版社，1995
[25] 狄洪发等·辐射吊顶的实验研究·暖通空调·2000·4期·p5-8
[26] 付祥钊等·冷暖地板换热性能分析方法·暖通空调·2000·4期·p9-11
[27] 贺平等·供热工程·第三版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[28] 龚剑等·MATLAB 5.X入门与提高·第一版·北京·清华大学出版社，2000
[29] 俞昌铭编著·热传导及其数值分析·第一版·北京·清华大学出版社，1981
[30] 赵荣义等·简明空调设计手册·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[31] 彦启森主编·空气调节用制冷技术·第二版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[32] L.巴赫基[匈牙利]著·傅忠诚等译·房间的热微气候·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[33] 郑祖义·热泵空调系统的设计与创新·第一版·武汉·华中理工大学出版社，1994
[34] 王勇·地源热泵研究(Ⅰ)·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·1997
[35] 康宁·长江流域建筑节能技术——地源热泵与冷热地板·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·1998
[36] 胡鸣明·浅埋套管式地热源热泵地下传热模型及冬季供热性能研究·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·1999
[37] 丁勇·浅埋套管式地热源热泵夏季实验研究及传热模型·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·2000
[38] Birol I. Kilkis, PhD.·An Analytical Algorithm for Hydronic Circuit Analysis and Assessment of Equipment Performance·ASHRAE Transaction 99·p368-373
[39] I.B. Kilkis, PhD.·Computer-Aided Design of radiant Subfioor Heating System·ASHRAE Transaction 95·p1214-1220
[40] 王文等·低温热水地板与热泵空调器采暖测试对比分析·重庆建筑大学学报·2001·2期·P43-50
[41] Steve Kavanaugh·Ground Source Heat Pumps·ASHRAE Journal·98(10)·p31-34
[42] Robert Mancini·Operating and Maintenance Experience with Commercial/Institutional GSHP Systems·ASHRAE Transaction 96·p917-921
[43] Commercial/Institutional Ground-Source Heat Pump Engineering Manual·American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Ak-Conditioning Engineerings·1995
[2] 胡松涛等·低温地板辐射采暖系统的实测与分析·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p38-43
[3] 丁良士等·地板采暖与天花板采暖的舒适性实验研究·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p23-27
[4] 亢燕铭等·地板辐射采暖的节能效应分析·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p32-35
[5] 胡松涛等·地板辐射供暖系统运行工况动态仿真·暖通空调·1999·4期·p15-17
[6] 候鸿章等·低温辐射采暖计算及设计布置·全国暖通年会论文集·1999·p25-31
[7] 杨巍等·低温地板辐射采暖的传热模拟·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p28-31
[8] Haruo Hanibuchi·Basic Study of Radiative and Convective Heat Exchange in a Room with Floor Heating·ASHRAE Transaction 98·p1098-1105
[9] 宋秀章·浅谈低温地板辐射采暖·全国暖通年会论文集·2000·p27-30
[10] 候鸿章等·埋管式低温地面辐射采暖技术·暖通空调新技术·2000·1期·p63-66
[11] Bjame W. Olesen, Ph. D. ·Possibilities and Limitations of Radiant Floor Cooling·ASHRAE Transaction 97 vol. 106·Part Ⅰ·p42-48
[12] Birol I. Kilkis, PhD. ·Coolp: A Computer Program for the Design and Analysis of Ceiling Cooling Panels·ASHRAE Transaction 95·p703-710
[13] Birol I. Kilkis, PhD. ·A Simplified Model for the Design of Radiant In-Slab Heating Panels·ASHRAE Transaction 97·p210-216
[14] Richard K. Strand, PhD.·Implementation of a Radiant Heating and Cooling Model into an Integrated Building Energy Analysis Program·ASHRAE Transaction 97 vol. 103·Part Ⅰ·p949-957
[15] Sung-Hwan Cho, PhD.·Temperature Regulation of Radiant Floor Heating System Using Two-Parameter On-Off Control: An Experimental Study·ASHRAE Transaction 97·p966-980
[16] Jean-Paul Isoardi·Surface Cooling in Hospitals: Use of Computer-Aided Design Packages·ASHRAE Tmnsaction95 vol. 101. Part Ⅱ·p717-729
[17] 赵荣义等编·空气调节·第三版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1994
[18] 田胜元、萧曰嵘·实验设计与数据处理·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[19] 陆耀庆主编·供暖通风设计手册·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1987
[20] 周谟仁·流体力学泵与风机·第三版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[21] 章熙民、任泽霈、梅飞鸣编著，陈钟颀主审·传热学·新一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[22] 刘宪英等·浅埋竖管换热器地热源热泵夏季供冷试验研究·暖通空调·2000·4期·p1-4
[23] 徐邦裕等·热泵·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[24] 刘宪英等·家用空调器原理、选择、安装、使用及维修·重庆·重庆出版社，1995
[25] 狄洪发等·辐射吊顶的实验研究·暖通空调·2000·4期·p5-8
[26] 付祥钊等·冷暖地板换热性能分析方法·暖通空调·2000·4期·p9-11
[27] 贺平等·供热工程·第三版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[28] 龚剑等·MATLAB 5.X入门与提高·第一版·北京·清华大学出版社，2000
[29] 俞昌铭编著·热传导及其数值分析·第一版·北京·清华大学出版社，1981
[30] 赵荣义等·简明空调设计手册·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[31] 彦启森主编·空气调节用制冷技术·第二版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[32] L.巴赫基[匈牙利]著·傅忠诚等译·房间的热微气候·第一版·北京·中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[33] 郑祖义·热泵空调系统的设计与创新·第一版·武汉·华中理工大学出版社，1994
[34] 王勇·地源热泵研究(Ⅰ)·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·1997
[35] 康宁·长江流域建筑节能技术——地源热泵与冷热地板·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·1998
[36] 胡鸣明·浅埋套管式地热源热泵地下传热模型及冬季供热性能研究·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·1999
[37] 丁勇·浅埋套管式地热源热泵夏季实验研究及传热模型·重庆建筑大学硕士论文·2000
[38] Birol I. Kilkis, PhD.·An Analytical Algorithm for Hydronic Circuit Analysis and Assessment of Equipment Performance·ASHRAE Transaction 99·p368-373
[39] I.B. Kilkis, PhD.·Computer-Aided Design of radiant Subfioor Heating System·ASHRAE Transaction 95·p1214-1220
[40] 王文等·低温热水地板与热泵空调器采暖测试对比分析·重庆建筑大学学报·2001·2期·P43-50
[41] Steve Kavanaugh·Ground Source Heat Pumps·ASHRAE Journal·98(10)·p31-34
[42] Robert Mancini·Operating and Maintenance Experience with Commercial/Institutional GSHP Systems·ASHRAE Transaction 96·p917-921
[43] Commercial/Institutional Ground-Source Heat Pump Engineering Manual·American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Ak-Conditioning Engineerings·1995