低温地热能的利用研究
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摘要
能源和环境问题是当今世界各国面临的重大问题，特别是随着北京申办2008年奥运会的成功，清洁能源地利用问题更成为我们面临的重要课题。而地热资源潜力大，洁净并会有多种微量元素和有益的组分，对环境很少污染。地热能利用供热系统，包括地热水系统及地源热泵系统的开发，更是大大推动了清洁能源的供热市场。本论文针对这些问题，又结合了该课题的来源一北京市计委立项项目“北京工业大学地热供暖示范工程”和北京市科委立项项目“低温地热梯级利用技术研究”，以及北京市可持续发展促进中心立项项目“地源热泵技术与工程模式的研究"，对低温地热的梯级利用和土壤源热泵系统的可行性进行试验研究。
本文就校内的地热供暖示范工程对低温地热梯级利用技术进行了一系列的小试一中试一工程一体化的实验研究。通过这些工程实现了低温地热水的合理利用，并对地热水成功地进行了回灌。在研究的过程中，对低温地热的梯级利用提出了不同的方案，以及适宜的设备，并进行了运行中的测试。得出地热水供热的总效率及地热水的利用率。积累了低温地热水供热的运行经验。并对供暖峰值负荷，和建筑物动态负荷进行了计算分析。在实验室建立土壤源热泵的试验系统，并在不同的地层及同一地层不同的地方埋设了大量传感器，用以测试土壤源热泵系统运行期间以及间歇间的土壤温度。本文通过对土壤源热泵系统的动态冷热负荷的变化，对其影响进行了进一步的计算和分析，并用相应的软件进行了模拟计算，与实验数据对照。论证了实验系统的可行性。本文的结论对低温地热能的利用具有指导意义。
Energy source and environment become the important problems in every country all over the world．With succeeding in applying the 2008 Olympic Games，the utilization of clean energy becomes the important task for US especially．Geothermal energy resource is potential and clean with many microelements and useful elements in it．It is hardly polluting to the environments．The development of the Utilization of Geothermal Energy including Geothermal Aquifer Water and the Ground—Source Heat Pumps System promotes the market of the cleansing energy heating．In this paper,a study on the gradient utilization of the low temperature geothermal energy and the feasibility of the Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps have been carried out in allusion to the origin of the task．
In this paper,the series of research about the systems of low temperature geothermal gradient utilization has been put in practice combining the small experiment，middle test and engineering proj ect in the campus of university．The low temperatm'e geothermal water is used reasonably and re-inj ected successfully through these engineering．The different schemes and appropriate equipment for the space heating system using low geothermal aquifer water have been brought forward， the operating data and operating expedence in the utilization of the low temperature has been accumulated．The total efficiency and utilization rate of geothermal water were obtained through the tests．The peak heating load and dynamic heating and cooling load were calculated and analyzed for the buildings．The experimental system of the Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps Systems was built up in the lab．Some temperature sensors have been immerged in different depth and different places of the SalTle depth in order to measure the temperatures ofthe soil during the period of the operation and intermission of the system．At the sanle time，the temperature sensors of the fluid in water pipes have been fixed to test the entering and exiting water temperatures．The ammeters and pressure meters were fixed also to test the performance of the system．The influence of the different dynamic heating and cooling load were calculated and simulated for the GCHP system Comparing t11 the actual data,The simulation work were proceed by means of the relative softwares to prove the feasibility of the system．The conclusion of this paper plays an
instructing role in using the low temperature geothermal water system and the Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps System．
本文就校内的地热供暖示范工程对低温地热梯级利用技术进行了一系列的小试一中试一工程一体化的实验研究。通过这些工程实现了低温地热水的合理利用，并对地热水成功地进行了回灌。在研究的过程中，对低温地热的梯级利用提出了不同的方案，以及适宜的设备，并进行了运行中的测试。得出地热水供热的总效率及地热水的利用率。积累了低温地热水供热的运行经验。并对供暖峰值负荷，和建筑物动态负荷进行了计算分析。在实验室建立土壤源热泵的试验系统，并在不同的地层及同一地层不同的地方埋设了大量传感器，用以测试土壤源热泵系统运行期间以及间歇间的土壤温度。本文通过对土壤源热泵系统的动态冷热负荷的变化，对其影响进行了进一步的计算和分析，并用相应的软件进行了模拟计算，与实验数据对照。论证了实验系统的可行性。本文的结论对低温地热能的利用具有指导意义。
Energy source and environment become the important problems in every country all over the world．With succeeding in applying the 2008 Olympic Games，the utilization of clean energy becomes the important task for US especially．Geothermal energy resource is potential and clean with many microelements and useful elements in it．It is hardly polluting to the environments．The development of the Utilization of Geothermal Energy including Geothermal Aquifer Water and the Ground—Source Heat Pumps System promotes the market of the cleansing energy heating．In this paper,a study on the gradient utilization of the low temperature geothermal energy and the feasibility of the Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps have been carried out in allusion to the origin of the task．
In this paper,the series of research about the systems of low temperature geothermal gradient utilization has been put in practice combining the small experiment，middle test and engineering proj ect in the campus of university．The low temperatm'e geothermal water is used reasonably and re-inj ected successfully through these engineering．The different schemes and appropriate equipment for the space heating system using low geothermal aquifer water have been brought forward， the operating data and operating expedence in the utilization of the low temperature has been accumulated．The total efficiency and utilization rate of geothermal water were obtained through the tests．The peak heating load and dynamic heating and cooling load were calculated and analyzed for the buildings．The experimental system of the Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps Systems was built up in the lab．Some temperature sensors have been immerged in different depth and different places of the SalTle depth in order to measure the temperatures ofthe soil during the period of the operation and intermission of the system．At the sanle time，the temperature sensors of the fluid in water pipes have been fixed to test the entering and exiting water temperatures．The ammeters and pressure meters were fixed also to test the performance of the system．The influence of the different dynamic heating and cooling load were calculated and simulated for the GCHP system Comparing t11 the actual data,The simulation work were proceed by means of the relative softwares to prove the feasibility of the system．The conclusion of this paper plays an
instructing role in using the low temperature geothermal water system and the Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps System．
引文
1 北京市计划委员会能源处．北京市能源供需的现状与问题．北京节能．2001
2 丁力行等． 水源热泵在湖南地区应用的经济性分析．流体机械．2000，（12）
3 郑积源主编. 科技新知识词典.京华出版社,2001,7:483
4 Ibrahim B., Kilkis,Ph.D. and Muhammed Eltez,Ph.D. Advances in Geothermal Energy Use ．ASHRAE． Journal October 1996：40～48
5 Rafferty K. A spreadsheet for geothermal direct use cost evaluation .GHC Tech.Rep, Geo-Heat Cent. Oregon Inst.Technol,Klamath Falls Or 1994
6 DiPippo, R．International developments in geothermal power production, Proceeding:ASME. Geothermal Energy Symposium．Davis California.1988:273～277
7 Lineau,P.J. Geothermal Direct Use Engineering and Design Guidebook. Oregon Institute of Technology． 1991:1～7
8 David Tenenbaum． Abundant reserves of beat lie beneath the earth's surface and new technologies could improve our ability to use then as an energy source. But in the United States, at least few people seem to care． Technology Review．1995 1
9 周凌云． 北京计科可再生能源开发中心．世界能源危机，我国能源安全．中国节能．2001 1
10 天津市地热管理处．天津大学天津地热研究培训中心．地热地质与地热工程 1998 5
11 张季声，吴功建．世界直接利用地热资源的现状．物探与化探．2001 4
12 朱俊生．世界新能源和可再生能源发展．太阳能学报．2001 4
13 ASHRAE Handbook-HVAC Systems and Equipment．Atlanta, Georgia : ASHRAE．1996
14 第一界天津地热学术研讨会论文集．天津大学出版社．1992
15 徐邦裕，陆亚俊，马最良，热泵．1988 7
16 李新国，张启．地热热泵调峰供暖系统的热力及经济分析．太阳能学报．1997
17 陈兴华，叶学锋，高宁．使用热泵的地热水供热系统．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:418～420
18 John W., Lund, Tonyal L.Boyd. Geothermal direct-use in the United States update:1995～1999.Proceeding World Geothermal Congress 2000. Kyushu-Tohoku,Japan,May 28-June 10,2000:297～305
19 Mr Johnny W?rnel?v．Ground－Coupled Heat Pump Market and Prospects in Europe．Proceedings 7th International Energy Agency Conference on Heat Pumping Technologies．Beijing，China，2002：365～375
20 李新国，胡璟，赵军，朱强，王施力．地源热泵－供暖空调节能环保技术．节能与环保．2001:19～21
21 候立泉，张子平，王侃宏，王景刚，王海林，时真勇，高旭东，刘靖，靳松．土壤源热泵试验装置的数据采集及控制系统．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:388～391
22 王景刚，王侃宏，张子平，马一太．地源热泵系统运行特性的理论研究．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:392～397
23 周亚素，张旭，陈沛霖．土壤源热泵埋地换热器传热性能影响因素分析．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:414～417
龚宇烈，赵军，李新国，朱强，李丽新，周倩，王健，陈涛，吕强，于莉．浅
24 层桩埋换热器的实验研究与工程应用．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会
论文集.2002:802～805
25 周倩，李新国，赵军，朱强，李丽新，龚宇烈，王健，陈涛．垂直埋管式换热器及周围土壤温度场的试验研究．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:806～809
26 何雪冰，王文，丁勇，胡鸣明，刘宪英．地源热泵冬夏暖冷联供试验．重庆建筑大学学报．2000:501～504
27 张昆峰，马芳梅，金六一，汤建华．土壤源与热泵联接运行冬季工况的试验研究．华中理工大学学报．1996，Vol.24(No.1):23～26
28 刘东，陈沛霖，张旭．地源热泵的特性研究．流体机械．2001,Vol.29(No.7):42～45
29 冯健美，屈宗长，王迪生，高晓兵．土壤热源热泵的技术经济性能分析．流体机械．2001,Vol.29(No.11):48～51
30 寿青云，陈汝东，吴新民．封闭环路地源热泵地下换热器的选择和设计 ．流体机械．2001, Vol.29(No.9):54～56
31 张开黎，王如竹，于立强．垂直埋管土壤源热泵供热供冷实验与分析．流体机械．2001, Vol.29(No.9):57～60
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2 丁力行等． 水源热泵在湖南地区应用的经济性分析．流体机械．2000，（12）
3 郑积源主编. 科技新知识词典.京华出版社,2001,7:483
4 Ibrahim B., Kilkis,Ph.D. and Muhammed Eltez,Ph.D. Advances in Geothermal Energy Use ．ASHRAE． Journal October 1996：40～48
5 Rafferty K. A spreadsheet for geothermal direct use cost evaluation .GHC Tech.Rep, Geo-Heat Cent. Oregon Inst.Technol,Klamath Falls Or 1994
6 DiPippo, R．International developments in geothermal power production, Proceeding:ASME. Geothermal Energy Symposium．Davis California.1988:273～277
7 Lineau,P.J. Geothermal Direct Use Engineering and Design Guidebook. Oregon Institute of Technology． 1991:1～7
8 David Tenenbaum． Abundant reserves of beat lie beneath the earth's surface and new technologies could improve our ability to use then as an energy source. But in the United States, at least few people seem to care． Technology Review．1995 1
9 周凌云． 北京计科可再生能源开发中心．世界能源危机，我国能源安全．中国节能．2001 1
10 天津市地热管理处．天津大学天津地热研究培训中心．地热地质与地热工程 1998 5
11 张季声，吴功建．世界直接利用地热资源的现状．物探与化探．2001 4
12 朱俊生．世界新能源和可再生能源发展．太阳能学报．2001 4
13 ASHRAE Handbook-HVAC Systems and Equipment．Atlanta, Georgia : ASHRAE．1996
14 第一界天津地热学术研讨会论文集．天津大学出版社．1992
15 徐邦裕，陆亚俊，马最良，热泵．1988 7
16 李新国，张启．地热热泵调峰供暖系统的热力及经济分析．太阳能学报．1997
17 陈兴华，叶学锋，高宁．使用热泵的地热水供热系统．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:418～420
18 John W., Lund, Tonyal L.Boyd. Geothermal direct-use in the United States update:1995～1999.Proceeding World Geothermal Congress 2000. Kyushu-Tohoku,Japan,May 28-June 10,2000:297～305
19 Mr Johnny W?rnel?v．Ground－Coupled Heat Pump Market and Prospects in Europe．Proceedings 7th International Energy Agency Conference on Heat Pumping Technologies．Beijing，China，2002：365～375
20 李新国，胡璟，赵军，朱强，王施力．地源热泵－供暖空调节能环保技术．节能与环保．2001:19～21
21 候立泉，张子平，王侃宏，王景刚，王海林，时真勇，高旭东，刘靖，靳松．土壤源热泵试验装置的数据采集及控制系统．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:388～391
22 王景刚，王侃宏，张子平，马一太．地源热泵系统运行特性的理论研究．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:392～397
23 周亚素，张旭，陈沛霖．土壤源热泵埋地换热器传热性能影响因素分析．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:414～417
龚宇烈，赵军，李新国，朱强，李丽新，周倩，王健，陈涛，吕强，于莉．浅
24 层桩埋换热器的实验研究与工程应用．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会
论文集.2002:802～805
25 周倩，李新国，赵军，朱强，李丽新，龚宇烈，王健，陈涛．垂直埋管式换热器及周围土壤温度场的试验研究．全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集.2002:806～809
26 何雪冰，王文，丁勇，胡鸣明，刘宪英．地源热泵冬夏暖冷联供试验．重庆建筑大学学报．2000:501～504
27 张昆峰，马芳梅，金六一，汤建华．土壤源与热泵联接运行冬季工况的试验研究．华中理工大学学报．1996，Vol.24(No.1):23～26
28 刘东，陈沛霖，张旭．地源热泵的特性研究．流体机械．2001,Vol.29(No.7):42～45
29 冯健美，屈宗长，王迪生，高晓兵．土壤热源热泵的技术经济性能分析．流体机械．2001,Vol.29(No.11):48～51
30 寿青云，陈汝东，吴新民．封闭环路地源热泵地下换热器的选择和设计 ．流体机械．2001, Vol.29(No.9):54～56
31 张开黎，王如竹，于立强．垂直埋管土壤源热泵供热供冷实验与分析．流体机械．2001, Vol.29(No.9):57～60
32 于明志，方肇洪，李明钧．土壤冻结对地热换热器传热的影响．山东建筑工程学院学报．2001,Vol.16( No.1):43～46
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