奶源基地建设及其实证研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,中国奶牛养殖业呈现快速发展的局面,无论是奶牛存栏还是原料奶总量都有较大幅度的增长。但与世界奶业发达国家相比,中国人均原料奶占有量及奶畜单产水平和质量均处于较低的层次,已成为制约奶业发展的瓶颈。原料奶生产是奶业发展的基础,而奶源基地为原料奶生产提供保障。因此,解决中国原料奶生产这一薄弱环节,最重要的就是要加强奶源基地建设。
奶源基地建设包括区域布局、奶牛品种、饲料、饲养管理、疫病防治、机械挤奶、冷链运输等众多内容,是一项复杂的系统工程。搞好奶源基地建设,一方面,可以提高原料奶产量和质量,满足社会需求,增强民族体质;另一方面,可以促进农民增收、农业增效及农村剩余劳动力的转移;可以促进当地农业产业结构调整和粮食转化,改善农村饲养环境,发展生态农业生产;同时,奶源基地建设也可以拉动相关产业的发展,尤其是为乳品工业持续快速发展奠定坚实基础。
站在不同的角度对奶源基地范畴的理解是不同的。本文主要是从行政区划的角度出发,以农村奶畜饲养专业乡(镇)或奶畜饲养专业村作为研究对象,探讨这一微观层次的奶源基地的建设问题。
本研究是以系统思想为指导,从奶源基地系统界定及其分析入手,阐述奶源基地建设的理论依据,构建了评价指标体系。在此基础上,通过对黑龙江省农村典型奶源基地的实证分析,找出其中存在的带有普遍性的问题,进而提出加强奶源基地建设的宏观思路。然后,以此为依据,对奶牛生产经营模式选择、社会化服务体系建设及奶业一体化经营进行深入的专题研究。最后提出农村奶源基地发展方向及其经营管理模式的基本架构。本研究是把奶源基地看作一个系统,本着整体优化的观点,尝试改善系统结构,探寻提高系统功能的途径,从而为政府决策提供科学依据,为农村奶源基地建设提供参考和理论指导。
本文首先从宏观层次总结了中国奶业发展的历史成就,指出面临的发展机遇和挑战,在此基础上,预见了未来的发展趋势。其中重点强调,目前奶源生产是奶业产业链中的薄弱环节,未来奶源基地将越来越成为奶业投入和关注的重点。
本文从理论上构建了奶源基地系统,对系统的结构、环境和功能作了深入的分析,探讨了提高奶源基地系统功能的途径。本文还指出奶源基地建设应以区位布局理论、系统优化理论、可持续发展理论、科学技术是第一生产力理论及农业产业化经营理论为指导,并以此构建了奶源基地系统评价指标体系。
本文以黑龙江省典型农村奶源基地作为调查对象,对基地运行现状进行定性描述和定量评价,对存在的问题进行深入分析,以此提出农村奶源基地建设的宏观思路,即应选择合适的生产经营模式、建立健全社会化服务体系、协调与乳品企业的关系等。
以上面提出的农村奶源基地建设的宏观思路为依据,首先进行农村奶源基地奶牛生产经营模式的研究,对种养结合型的奶农户分散饲养、奶牛场和奶牛小区的经济效益、优势、劣势及应对策略进行了分析,指出三种模式为共生关系,在运行中要趋利避害,取长补短。在此基础上,利用系统优化技术对种养结合型奶农分散饲养模式的最优饲养规模和最佳种植结
Since Reform and opening-up, the fast-developing situation appears in Chinese cow’s feeding. General quantity of both cow's livestock on hand and milk raw materials all increased by a large margin. But compared with developed country of milk industry of the world, China per capita raw materials milk occupancy volume and whether domestic animal per unit area yield competence and quality in lower level, have already become bottleneck restraining development of milk industry. The produce of milk raw materials is the base of milk industry foundation of development, and milk source base is it provide safeguard to produce for raw materials milk. So, solving this weak link that the produce of raw materials milk, the most important one is to strengthen the construction of base of milk source
The construction of base of milk source includes numerous contents, such as the regional overall arrangement, cow assortment, fodder, raise and manage, the prevented and cured of epidemic disease, machinery milks, cold chain transportation, etc., it is a complicated system engineering. Making milk source base construction well, on one hand, it can propose the output and quality of raw materials milk, meet the social demand and strengthen the national system. On the other hand, it can promote that peasant increase income, agricultural enlargement and transformation of surplus rural labor force. It can promote both industrial structure adjustment of local agricultural and grain transform, improve countryside environment of raise and develop ecological agricultural production. Meanwhile, the construction of base of milk source can spur the relevant industry development too, especially settle solid foundation for continued rapid growth of the industry of the cotton-padded mattress product
Standing in different angle, it is different to understand the category of source base of milk. This text proceed from angle of the administrative division, with rural milk domestic animal raise professional township or milk domestic animal raise the village specializing in a certain trade as the research object, probe into the question of construction of base of milk source of this micro level.
This system regards systematic thought as guidelines, started from defining and analyzing the system of source base of milk to explain the theory of construction of base of milk source. On this basis, through suckling the real example analysis of the source base to Heilongjiang Province rural typically, find out the question with universality existing among them, and then put forward the macroscopic thinking of strengthening construction of base of milk source. Then, based on this we carry on the deep study. Finally put forward the developing direction of source base of rural milk and basic framework of managing the management mode. This research regards the milk source base as a system, the view in line with global optimization, ties to improve the systematic structure,
seeks the way to improve systematic function, thus offers scientific basis for the fact that the government makes policy, offers reference and theoretical direction for construction of base of rural milk source. This text has summarized the historical achievement of development of Chinese milk industry from the macroscopic level at first, point out the opportunity for development and challenge faced, on this basis, it has predicted the future development trend. At present among them emphasize especially, it is a weak link in an industry chain of a milk industry to suckle the source and produce, the milk source base will become the focal points of milk industry's input and be concerned more and more in the future. This text structures the system of source base of milk, makes a deep analysis about the structure of the system, the environment and function, has discussed ways of improving systematic function of source base of milk. This text still should point out the construction of base of milk source with the overall arrangement theory in the position, system optimization theory, sustainable development theory, it is one all one's life that science and technology produce strength theory and industrialization of agricultural managing theory for guidance, so as to structure the systematic evaluation index system of source base of milk. This text regards model rural milk source base of Heilongjiang Province as respondents, carry on in-depth analysis to the operation current situation and existing problem of the base, so as to propose the macroscopic thinking of construction of base of rural milk source, namely should choose the suitable production management mode, set up and amplify social service system, coordinate relation with dairy products enterprise, etc. At first based on macroscopic thinking of construction of base of rural milk source that is put forward above, produce cow of source base of rural milk the research of the management mode, and then economic benefits of the district, the advantage, inferior position and countermeasure planting and raising milk peasant households of the combining type to disperse and raise, diary farm and cow's have been analyzed. On this basis, utilizing system optimization technology we research the optimum raise scale and the best pattern of farming of raise person who combine milk agricultural and planting. This text structures the systematic social service system of source base of rural milk, operating mechanism is analysis deeply to the function of every service subject in the system, use the raw materials milk to socialize and serve the contribution rate index to reflect the socialized service level of source base of milk. This text through investigation and talk to visit milk source of base, analyze the studying behavior of milk peasant and combine relevant theories we put forward the suggestion of proposing agricultural technical training of milk peasant. The government is playing a great role while is suckling the construction of base source now, the text has described the economic function that the government gave play to in the construction of base of milk source, have proposed the suggestion to the government. This text regards relevant theories of new system economics as guidance, analysis and proved
integrate and manage to organize the mode of o the milk source base and dairy products processing industry, and analyze the operating to its mechanism of distribution of interests to restrain from and the system ensure. This text pointed out the developing direction of source base of rural milk and managed the basic framework of the management mode finally. Above-mentioned research adopt the way of determine the nature to combine together with the ration, the theory is combined with practice, the method that reality combines with future, which make the sound development of the milk source base, realize that seeks the feasible way in strategic objective of the rural well-to-do level.
奶源基地建设包括区域布局、奶牛品种、饲料、饲养管理、疫病防治、机械挤奶、冷链运输等众多内容,是一项复杂的系统工程。搞好奶源基地建设,一方面,可以提高原料奶产量和质量,满足社会需求,增强民族体质;另一方面,可以促进农民增收、农业增效及农村剩余劳动力的转移;可以促进当地农业产业结构调整和粮食转化,改善农村饲养环境,发展生态农业生产;同时,奶源基地建设也可以拉动相关产业的发展,尤其是为乳品工业持续快速发展奠定坚实基础。
站在不同的角度对奶源基地范畴的理解是不同的。本文主要是从行政区划的角度出发,以农村奶畜饲养专业乡(镇)或奶畜饲养专业村作为研究对象,探讨这一微观层次的奶源基地的建设问题。
本研究是以系统思想为指导,从奶源基地系统界定及其分析入手,阐述奶源基地建设的理论依据,构建了评价指标体系。在此基础上,通过对黑龙江省农村典型奶源基地的实证分析,找出其中存在的带有普遍性的问题,进而提出加强奶源基地建设的宏观思路。然后,以此为依据,对奶牛生产经营模式选择、社会化服务体系建设及奶业一体化经营进行深入的专题研究。最后提出农村奶源基地发展方向及其经营管理模式的基本架构。本研究是把奶源基地看作一个系统,本着整体优化的观点,尝试改善系统结构,探寻提高系统功能的途径,从而为政府决策提供科学依据,为农村奶源基地建设提供参考和理论指导。
本文首先从宏观层次总结了中国奶业发展的历史成就,指出面临的发展机遇和挑战,在此基础上,预见了未来的发展趋势。其中重点强调,目前奶源生产是奶业产业链中的薄弱环节,未来奶源基地将越来越成为奶业投入和关注的重点。
本文从理论上构建了奶源基地系统,对系统的结构、环境和功能作了深入的分析,探讨了提高奶源基地系统功能的途径。本文还指出奶源基地建设应以区位布局理论、系统优化理论、可持续发展理论、科学技术是第一生产力理论及农业产业化经营理论为指导,并以此构建了奶源基地系统评价指标体系。
本文以黑龙江省典型农村奶源基地作为调查对象,对基地运行现状进行定性描述和定量评价,对存在的问题进行深入分析,以此提出农村奶源基地建设的宏观思路,即应选择合适的生产经营模式、建立健全社会化服务体系、协调与乳品企业的关系等。
以上面提出的农村奶源基地建设的宏观思路为依据,首先进行农村奶源基地奶牛生产经营模式的研究,对种养结合型的奶农户分散饲养、奶牛场和奶牛小区的经济效益、优势、劣势及应对策略进行了分析,指出三种模式为共生关系,在运行中要趋利避害,取长补短。在此基础上,利用系统优化技术对种养结合型奶农分散饲养模式的最优饲养规模和最佳种植结
Since Reform and opening-up, the fast-developing situation appears in Chinese cow’s feeding. General quantity of both cow's livestock on hand and milk raw materials all increased by a large margin. But compared with developed country of milk industry of the world, China per capita raw materials milk occupancy volume and whether domestic animal per unit area yield competence and quality in lower level, have already become bottleneck restraining development of milk industry. The produce of milk raw materials is the base of milk industry foundation of development, and milk source base is it provide safeguard to produce for raw materials milk. So, solving this weak link that the produce of raw materials milk, the most important one is to strengthen the construction of base of milk source
The construction of base of milk source includes numerous contents, such as the regional overall arrangement, cow assortment, fodder, raise and manage, the prevented and cured of epidemic disease, machinery milks, cold chain transportation, etc., it is a complicated system engineering. Making milk source base construction well, on one hand, it can propose the output and quality of raw materials milk, meet the social demand and strengthen the national system. On the other hand, it can promote that peasant increase income, agricultural enlargement and transformation of surplus rural labor force. It can promote both industrial structure adjustment of local agricultural and grain transform, improve countryside environment of raise and develop ecological agricultural production. Meanwhile, the construction of base of milk source can spur the relevant industry development too, especially settle solid foundation for continued rapid growth of the industry of the cotton-padded mattress product
Standing in different angle, it is different to understand the category of source base of milk. This text proceed from angle of the administrative division, with rural milk domestic animal raise professional township or milk domestic animal raise the village specializing in a certain trade as the research object, probe into the question of construction of base of milk source of this micro level.
This system regards systematic thought as guidelines, started from defining and analyzing the system of source base of milk to explain the theory of construction of base of milk source. On this basis, through suckling the real example analysis of the source base to Heilongjiang Province rural typically, find out the question with universality existing among them, and then put forward the macroscopic thinking of strengthening construction of base of milk source. Then, based on this we carry on the deep study. Finally put forward the developing direction of source base of rural milk and basic framework of managing the management mode. This research regards the milk source base as a system, the view in line with global optimization, ties to improve the systematic structure,
seeks the way to improve systematic function, thus offers scientific basis for the fact that the government makes policy, offers reference and theoretical direction for construction of base of rural milk source. This text has summarized the historical achievement of development of Chinese milk industry from the macroscopic level at first, point out the opportunity for development and challenge faced, on this basis, it has predicted the future development trend. At present among them emphasize especially, it is a weak link in an industry chain of a milk industry to suckle the source and produce, the milk source base will become the focal points of milk industry's input and be concerned more and more in the future. This text structures the system of source base of milk, makes a deep analysis about the structure of the system, the environment and function, has discussed ways of improving systematic function of source base of milk. This text still should point out the construction of base of milk source with the overall arrangement theory in the position, system optimization theory, sustainable development theory, it is one all one's life that science and technology produce strength theory and industrialization of agricultural managing theory for guidance, so as to structure the systematic evaluation index system of source base of milk. This text regards model rural milk source base of Heilongjiang Province as respondents, carry on in-depth analysis to the operation current situation and existing problem of the base, so as to propose the macroscopic thinking of construction of base of rural milk source, namely should choose the suitable production management mode, set up and amplify social service system, coordinate relation with dairy products enterprise, etc. At first based on macroscopic thinking of construction of base of rural milk source that is put forward above, produce cow of source base of rural milk the research of the management mode, and then economic benefits of the district, the advantage, inferior position and countermeasure planting and raising milk peasant households of the combining type to disperse and raise, diary farm and cow's have been analyzed. On this basis, utilizing system optimization technology we research the optimum raise scale and the best pattern of farming of raise person who combine milk agricultural and planting. This text structures the systematic social service system of source base of rural milk, operating mechanism is analysis deeply to the function of every service subject in the system, use the raw materials milk to socialize and serve the contribution rate index to reflect the socialized service level of source base of milk. This text through investigation and talk to visit milk source of base, analyze the studying behavior of milk peasant and combine relevant theories we put forward the suggestion of proposing agricultural technical training of milk peasant. The government is playing a great role while is suckling the construction of base source now, the text has described the economic function that the government gave play to in the construction of base of milk source, have proposed the suggestion to the government. This text regards relevant theories of new system economics as guidance, analysis and proved
integrate and manage to organize the mode of o the milk source base and dairy products processing industry, and analyze the operating to its mechanism of distribution of interests to restrain from and the system ensure. This text pointed out the developing direction of source base of rural milk and managed the basic framework of the management mode finally. Above-mentioned research adopt the way of determine the nature to combine together with the ration, the theory is combined with practice, the method that reality combines with future, which make the sound development of the milk source base, realize that seeks the feasible way in strategic objective of the rural well-to-do level.
引文
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