滦河水源高藻水安全水处理工艺优选研究
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摘要
对饮用水处理工艺进行了优选,建立了饮用水处理工艺优选的模式。对2006年滦河水源高藻期的水质进行了分析,结果表明高藻水中藻类数量最大在5400万左右,有机物值明显偏高。针对天津滦河水高藻期水水质特点,建立了中试规模水处理模型,进行高藻期饮用水处理工艺的优选研究。在饮用水处理工艺建立原则,即高效、稳定、合理和经济原则的基础上,建立了约束条件、运行条件和考察指标体系,为各工艺系统的效能评价提供指导。
通过对建立的强化常规水处理工艺系统和强化常规与深度处理联用组合工艺系统对浊度、有机物、藻类等指标去除率和保障率的研究,在水质安全保障约束的条件下,确定了一系列组合工艺作为优选的目标体系。最终通过灰关联分析系统进行工艺优选,通过比较灰关联度大小,可以得到工艺方案优劣顺序,灰关联度最大的为最优化工艺方案,最优化工艺方案为“HPAC强化混凝气浮—过滤”和“HPAC强化混凝气浮—过滤—臭氧生物活性炭”。结果表明此工艺针对高藻期滦河水水质特点,这两套工艺均具有良好的水质适应性,处理效果显著,基建及运行费用较少。
Optimization of drinking water treatment technics was conducted and the mode for optimization of drinking water treatment technics was establishment. Analysis for water quality in Luan river during high algae-laden period. It was showed that the amount of algae reached 54 million per liter with high concentration of organics at the same time. Based on the water quality in Luan river during high algae-laden period, pilot study on the model of drinking water treatment was established and the optimization for drinking water treatment technics during high algae-laden period was conducted. Based on the principle for the establishment of drinking water treatment, which is high efficiency, stablilization and low cost, restricted condition, run condition and control index system were established to give direction to the evaluation of efficiency for each water treatment process.
Study on the index such as turbidity, organics and algae etc. was conducted in the intensified process and the intensified process combined with deep treatment process. Under the condition of restriction for water quality safety, a series of water treatment process was confirmed as the aimed optimization system. Grey relativity analytical was applied to choose the best process among the alternative ones. As a result, the optimization processes were "HPAC enhanced coagulation - flotation-filtration" and "HPAC enhanced coagulation -flotation - filtration - O_3-BAC process", which were with the highest grey relation grade among intensified process and intensified combined with deep treatment process. The result shows that the two processes had characters of good applicability for water quality during high algae-laden and good treatment efficiency, low cost as well.
通过对建立的强化常规水处理工艺系统和强化常规与深度处理联用组合工艺系统对浊度、有机物、藻类等指标去除率和保障率的研究,在水质安全保障约束的条件下,确定了一系列组合工艺作为优选的目标体系。最终通过灰关联分析系统进行工艺优选,通过比较灰关联度大小,可以得到工艺方案优劣顺序,灰关联度最大的为最优化工艺方案,最优化工艺方案为“HPAC强化混凝气浮—过滤”和“HPAC强化混凝气浮—过滤—臭氧生物活性炭”。结果表明此工艺针对高藻期滦河水水质特点,这两套工艺均具有良好的水质适应性,处理效果显著,基建及运行费用较少。
Optimization of drinking water treatment technics was conducted and the mode for optimization of drinking water treatment technics was establishment. Analysis for water quality in Luan river during high algae-laden period. It was showed that the amount of algae reached 54 million per liter with high concentration of organics at the same time. Based on the water quality in Luan river during high algae-laden period, pilot study on the model of drinking water treatment was established and the optimization for drinking water treatment technics during high algae-laden period was conducted. Based on the principle for the establishment of drinking water treatment, which is high efficiency, stablilization and low cost, restricted condition, run condition and control index system were established to give direction to the evaluation of efficiency for each water treatment process.
Study on the index such as turbidity, organics and algae etc. was conducted in the intensified process and the intensified process combined with deep treatment process. Under the condition of restriction for water quality safety, a series of water treatment process was confirmed as the aimed optimization system. Grey relativity analytical was applied to choose the best process among the alternative ones. As a result, the optimization processes were "HPAC enhanced coagulation - flotation-filtration" and "HPAC enhanced coagulation -flotation - filtration - O_3-BAC process", which were with the highest grey relation grade among intensified process and intensified combined with deep treatment process. The result shows that the two processes had characters of good applicability for water quality during high algae-laden and good treatment efficiency, low cost as well.
引文
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[2]何凤华.提高水厂高藻期水处理能力的研究.硕士论文,2005.
[3]赵志伟.天津地区饮用水处理工艺系统集成研究.博士论文,2007.
[4]姚志麒,邢权,朱振岗.环境卫生学.第3版.人民卫生出版社.1994:127-128
[5]崔长俊,翟平阳.松花江水质有机毒物生态污染防治.北方环境.2005,30(2):24-26.
[6]田怀军,舒为群,张学奎等.长江、嘉陵江(重庆段)源水有机污染物的研究.长江流域资源与环境.2003,12(2):118-123
[7]黄瑾辉,刘萍,曾光明等.饮用水中微量有机污染物质的GC/MS分析.湖南大学学报(自然科学版).2004,31(5):36-40
[8]任晋,蒋可.阿特拉津及其降解产物对张家口地区饮用水资源的影响.科学通报.2002,47(10):758-762
[9]蒋绍阶,王峰.重庆三峡库区饮用水安全存在的问题与对策研究.四川环境.2004,23(6):110-113
[10]庄颖,江城梅,赵红.淮河N段水有机物潜在危害评估.蚌埠医学院学报.2001,26(2):171-172
[11]韩梅,郑丙辉,李子成等.主要城市饮用水水源地水质状况评价与对策建议.环境科学研究.2000,13(5):31-34
[12]吴启洲.饮用水中有机污染物的危害及对策.水处理技术.1997,4(9):67-69
[13]周怀东,彭文启,杜霞等.中国地表水水质评价.中国水利水电科学研究院学报.2004,2(4):255-264
[14]肖羽堂,张晶晶,吴鸣等.我国水资源污染与饮用水安全性研究.长江流域资源与环境.2001,10(1):51-59
[15]王志强,陈昱,林育纯等.福建省11个县饮用水水质与胃癌死亡率的关系.中国公共卫生学报.1997,16(2):79-80
[16]范延臻,时双喜,王宝贞.美国饮用水标准和最有效技术.给水排水.2001,127(14):18-20
[17]AWWA Inc.Water Qulity and Treatment,3rd ed.New York,AWWA Inc..1971:27-28
[18]许保玖.给水处理理论.中国建筑工业出版社,2000:59,464-465,468
[19]National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.Trihalomethanes.Final Rule Fed.Reg.1979,44(231):68624
[20]National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals.Final Rule Fed.Reg..1987,52(130):23690
[21]USEPA.Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts.Final Rule.Fed.Reg..1998,63(241):69478
[22]USEPA.Rules and Regulations National Primary Drinking Water Regulations:Arsenic and Clarifications to Compliance and New Source Contaminants Monitoring.Fed.Reg..2001,66(14):6976
[23]李伟英,李富生,高乃云等.日本最新饮用水水质标准及相关管理.中国给水排水.2004,20(5):104-106
[24]汪光焘,肖绍雍.2000年城市供水行业技术进步发展规划.中国建筑工业出版社,1998:18-19
[25]E.J.Bouwer,P.b.Crowe.Biological Processes in Drinking Water Treatment.J.Am.Water Assoc.1988,80(9):82-93
[26]岳舜琳,许建华.生物滤池预处理黄浦江原水的研究.上海环境科学.1985,4(3):5-8
[27]许建华,岳舜琳.原水预处理的生物滤池填料研究.上海环境科学.1986,5(5):19-21
[28]叶正中,张华.用生物流化床工艺作污染水源预处理的研究.中国给水排水.1986,2(2):33-36
[29]金福荣.生物转盘工艺预处理微污染源水的实验研究.同济大学工学硕士学位论文,1993
[30]K.Ozekin,G.L.Amy.Threshold Levels for Bromate Formation in Drinking Water.Ozone Sci.Eng..1997,19:323-337
[31]E.Nieminski,D.Evans.Pilot Testing of Trace Metals Removal with Ozone at Snowbird Ski Resirt,Ozone Sci.Eng..1995,17:297-309
[32]V.Camel,A.Bermond.The Use of Ozone and Associated Oxidation Processes in Drinking Water Treatment.Wat.Res.1998,32(11):3208-3222
[33]W.H.Kim,W.Nishijima,E.Shoto,et al.Pilot Plant Study on Ozonation and Biological Activated Carbon Process for Drinking Water Treatment.Wat.Sci.Tech.1997,35(8):21-28
[34]J.J.Rook.Formation of Haloforms during Chlorination of Nature Waters.J.Wat.Treat.Exam.1974,23(2):234-243
[35]苑宝玲.多功能高铁酸盐的除藻效能与机制研究.中国科学院生态环境研究中心博士论文.2002:48-61
[36]吴红伟,石振清,王占生.净水工艺对水中可生物降解有机物去除的研究.给水排水.1999,125(17):16-18
[37]李爽,张晓健,刘文君等.控制饮用水处理工艺及配水管网中卤乙酸的研究.中国给水排水.1999,15(6):1-5
[38]USEPA.Giardia:Human Health Criteria Document EPA-823-R-002.Washington D.C.,1998
[39]D.A.Reckhow,J.Sibony.Several Approaches to Minimizing the Formation of THMs and Other Hazardous Chlorination By-products.Serninaire GRUTTEE "Substances Humiques",Rennes,France.1986
[40]R.P.Mitchum,M.W.Shelley,C.M.Wheadon.Free Chlorine Versus Ammoniachlorine:Disinfection Trihalomethane Formation.J.AWWA.1983,75(4):196-198
[41]Wilczak,A.Assadi-Rad,A.Lai,et al.Formation of NDMA in Chloraminated Water Coagulated with DADMAC Cationic Polymer.J.AWWA.2003,95(9):94-96
[42]R.C.Hoehn,A.M.Dietrich,W.S.Farmer,et al.Househeld odors Associated with the Use of Chlorine Dioxide during Drinking Water Treatment.Presented at AWWA Annual Conference.1989
[43]国家环境保护局.活性炭水处理技术.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1991
[44]马淑英.用粉末活性炭除掉土味素和二甲基冰片.公用科技.1991,(1):30-36
[45]马峥,张振良,于惠芳.活性炭对水中有机物去除的研究.环境保护.1999,5:41-44
[46]Hu Jian-Ying,Aizawa,Takako,et al.Adsorptive of Characteristics Ionogenic Aromatic Pesticides in Water on Powered Activated Carbon.Water Research.1998,32(9):2593-2600
[47]J.S.Zhang,X.Sun.Advanced Treatment of Polluted Source Water by Pre-ozonation in Shenzhen.Advavce in Ozone Science and Engineering in Hong Kong.Hong Kong:The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2002:36-43
[48]张金松,范晓军.国际饮用水水质标准汇编.北京:建筑工业出版社,2001
[49]岳舜琳.活性炭在饮用水处理中的应用.净水技术.2000,18(2):36-40
[50]聂梅生.中国水工业科技与产业.北京:建筑工业出版社,2000
[51]D.J.Smith,S.Crymble.Water Quality Considerations in Developing a New Resource for Water Supply Within the Midlands of England.Wat.Sci.Technol.1998,38(6):201-208
[52]H.M.Anawara,J.Akaib,K.M.G.Mostofac,et al.Arsenic Poisoning in Groundwater Health Risk and Geochemical Sources in Bangladesh.Environ.International.2002,27(7):597-604
[53]云南省环境保护局.云南省2003年环境公报.昆明,2003
[54]陕西省环境保护局.陕西省2003年环境公报.西安,2003
[55]李晓东,蔡国庆,马军.水中有机成分及其对饮用水水质的影响.给水排水.1999,25(5):12-14
[2]何凤华.提高水厂高藻期水处理能力的研究.硕士论文,2005.
[3]赵志伟.天津地区饮用水处理工艺系统集成研究.博士论文,2007.
[4]姚志麒,邢权,朱振岗.环境卫生学.第3版.人民卫生出版社.1994:127-128
[5]崔长俊,翟平阳.松花江水质有机毒物生态污染防治.北方环境.2005,30(2):24-26.
[6]田怀军,舒为群,张学奎等.长江、嘉陵江(重庆段)源水有机污染物的研究.长江流域资源与环境.2003,12(2):118-123
[7]黄瑾辉,刘萍,曾光明等.饮用水中微量有机污染物质的GC/MS分析.湖南大学学报(自然科学版).2004,31(5):36-40
[8]任晋,蒋可.阿特拉津及其降解产物对张家口地区饮用水资源的影响.科学通报.2002,47(10):758-762
[9]蒋绍阶,王峰.重庆三峡库区饮用水安全存在的问题与对策研究.四川环境.2004,23(6):110-113
[10]庄颖,江城梅,赵红.淮河N段水有机物潜在危害评估.蚌埠医学院学报.2001,26(2):171-172
[11]韩梅,郑丙辉,李子成等.主要城市饮用水水源地水质状况评价与对策建议.环境科学研究.2000,13(5):31-34
[12]吴启洲.饮用水中有机污染物的危害及对策.水处理技术.1997,4(9):67-69
[13]周怀东,彭文启,杜霞等.中国地表水水质评价.中国水利水电科学研究院学报.2004,2(4):255-264
[14]肖羽堂,张晶晶,吴鸣等.我国水资源污染与饮用水安全性研究.长江流域资源与环境.2001,10(1):51-59
[15]王志强,陈昱,林育纯等.福建省11个县饮用水水质与胃癌死亡率的关系.中国公共卫生学报.1997,16(2):79-80
[16]范延臻,时双喜,王宝贞.美国饮用水标准和最有效技术.给水排水.2001,127(14):18-20
[17]AWWA Inc.Water Qulity and Treatment,3rd ed.New York,AWWA Inc..1971:27-28
[18]许保玖.给水处理理论.中国建筑工业出版社,2000:59,464-465,468
[19]National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.Trihalomethanes.Final Rule Fed.Reg.1979,44(231):68624
[20]National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals.Final Rule Fed.Reg..1987,52(130):23690
[21]USEPA.Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts.Final Rule.Fed.Reg..1998,63(241):69478
[22]USEPA.Rules and Regulations National Primary Drinking Water Regulations:Arsenic and Clarifications to Compliance and New Source Contaminants Monitoring.Fed.Reg..2001,66(14):6976
[23]李伟英,李富生,高乃云等.日本最新饮用水水质标准及相关管理.中国给水排水.2004,20(5):104-106
[24]汪光焘,肖绍雍.2000年城市供水行业技术进步发展规划.中国建筑工业出版社,1998:18-19
[25]E.J.Bouwer,P.b.Crowe.Biological Processes in Drinking Water Treatment.J.Am.Water Assoc.1988,80(9):82-93
[26]岳舜琳,许建华.生物滤池预处理黄浦江原水的研究.上海环境科学.1985,4(3):5-8
[27]许建华,岳舜琳.原水预处理的生物滤池填料研究.上海环境科学.1986,5(5):19-21
[28]叶正中,张华.用生物流化床工艺作污染水源预处理的研究.中国给水排水.1986,2(2):33-36
[29]金福荣.生物转盘工艺预处理微污染源水的实验研究.同济大学工学硕士学位论文,1993
[30]K.Ozekin,G.L.Amy.Threshold Levels for Bromate Formation in Drinking Water.Ozone Sci.Eng..1997,19:323-337
[31]E.Nieminski,D.Evans.Pilot Testing of Trace Metals Removal with Ozone at Snowbird Ski Resirt,Ozone Sci.Eng..1995,17:297-309
[32]V.Camel,A.Bermond.The Use of Ozone and Associated Oxidation Processes in Drinking Water Treatment.Wat.Res.1998,32(11):3208-3222
[33]W.H.Kim,W.Nishijima,E.Shoto,et al.Pilot Plant Study on Ozonation and Biological Activated Carbon Process for Drinking Water Treatment.Wat.Sci.Tech.1997,35(8):21-28
[34]J.J.Rook.Formation of Haloforms during Chlorination of Nature Waters.J.Wat.Treat.Exam.1974,23(2):234-243
[35]苑宝玲.多功能高铁酸盐的除藻效能与机制研究.中国科学院生态环境研究中心博士论文.2002:48-61
[36]吴红伟,石振清,王占生.净水工艺对水中可生物降解有机物去除的研究.给水排水.1999,125(17):16-18
[37]李爽,张晓健,刘文君等.控制饮用水处理工艺及配水管网中卤乙酸的研究.中国给水排水.1999,15(6):1-5
[38]USEPA.Giardia:Human Health Criteria Document EPA-823-R-002.Washington D.C.,1998
[39]D.A.Reckhow,J.Sibony.Several Approaches to Minimizing the Formation of THMs and Other Hazardous Chlorination By-products.Serninaire GRUTTEE "Substances Humiques",Rennes,France.1986
[40]R.P.Mitchum,M.W.Shelley,C.M.Wheadon.Free Chlorine Versus Ammoniachlorine:Disinfection Trihalomethane Formation.J.AWWA.1983,75(4):196-198
[41]Wilczak,A.Assadi-Rad,A.Lai,et al.Formation of NDMA in Chloraminated Water Coagulated with DADMAC Cationic Polymer.J.AWWA.2003,95(9):94-96
[42]R.C.Hoehn,A.M.Dietrich,W.S.Farmer,et al.Househeld odors Associated with the Use of Chlorine Dioxide during Drinking Water Treatment.Presented at AWWA Annual Conference.1989
[43]国家环境保护局.活性炭水处理技术.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1991
[44]马淑英.用粉末活性炭除掉土味素和二甲基冰片.公用科技.1991,(1):30-36
[45]马峥,张振良,于惠芳.活性炭对水中有机物去除的研究.环境保护.1999,5:41-44
[46]Hu Jian-Ying,Aizawa,Takako,et al.Adsorptive of Characteristics Ionogenic Aromatic Pesticides in Water on Powered Activated Carbon.Water Research.1998,32(9):2593-2600
[47]J.S.Zhang,X.Sun.Advanced Treatment of Polluted Source Water by Pre-ozonation in Shenzhen.Advavce in Ozone Science and Engineering in Hong Kong.Hong Kong:The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2002:36-43
[48]张金松,范晓军.国际饮用水水质标准汇编.北京:建筑工业出版社,2001
[49]岳舜琳.活性炭在饮用水处理中的应用.净水技术.2000,18(2):36-40
[50]聂梅生.中国水工业科技与产业.北京:建筑工业出版社,2000
[51]D.J.Smith,S.Crymble.Water Quality Considerations in Developing a New Resource for Water Supply Within the Midlands of England.Wat.Sci.Technol.1998,38(6):201-208
[52]H.M.Anawara,J.Akaib,K.M.G.Mostofac,et al.Arsenic Poisoning in Groundwater Health Risk and Geochemical Sources in Bangladesh.Environ.International.2002,27(7):597-604
[53]云南省环境保护局.云南省2003年环境公报.昆明,2003
[54]陕西省环境保护局.陕西省2003年环境公报.西安,2003
[55]李晓东,蔡国庆,马军.水中有机成分及其对饮用水水质的影响.给水排水.1999,25(5):12-14