无线异构网络信道分配方案的研究
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摘要
随着现代科学技术的飞速发展，移动通信在社会生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用。现今3G商用技术已经成熟，而下一代移动通信网，即超3G的研究也方兴未艾。超3G不再以单一接入技术的进步为标志，而是从接入技术、网络架构到系统性能的全面演进，是一种全IP异构的通信网络。在此异构网络体系中，不同无线接入网络在业务能力和技术方面有很大的区别，为了提供给移动用户无时无刻、无所不在的网络接入服务，需要先进的管理机制和策略整合当前的各种无线网络系统，实现无缝融合。这就使得全IP异构网络中无线资源管理的研究成为一个热点问题。
无线资源管理的目的是合理、高效地利用无线资源。它包含功率控制、移动性管理、信道分配、接入控制等几个方面。本文从系统、方案和算法的角度出发，重点关注了全IP异构网络信道分配方面的研究，并结合几种常用的信道分配策略和方法，以提高全IP异构系统无线资源管理的性能和效率为目的，提出或改进了几种无线网络的信道分配方案和算法，在降低业务阻塞率的同时，尽量提高无线资源的利用率，并通过仿真实验验证了方案和算法的性能。所得结果对未来异构无线网络无线资源管理方面的研究具有一定的参考价值和实际意义。
本文所做的几点工作如下：
第一，本文研究了无线多媒体网络的业务量模型，针对一天当中人群的流动特点，提出了相应的业务量模型，并给出了对应的信道分配方案。模型和方案中考虑到了一天当中不同时刻，人群移动对用户密度造成的影响，并以两个特殊时段为例，结合强占优先策略，提出了两种基于强占优先的信道分配方案－PD方案和PV方案，二者的区别在于被强占信道业务种类的不同。为了分析的简便，文中还引入了一个近似模型。仿真和分析表明，用户的视频业务如果可以转换为非实时业务，并且这种改变用户可以接受，则使用PV方案的效果好一些。
第二，本文在分析无线网络信道分配方案的基础上，提出了适用于无线异构网络的信道借用方案，并运用闭合网络排队理论，从链接级QoS的角度作了性能分析。该方案首先在信道水平借用的基础上，引入了垂直借用功能，借用功能仅限于切换业务。在目标小区没有空闲信道可用的情况下，切换请求可以尝试向相邻的同构小区，或者向位于不同层次的异构小区借用信道。同时为了减少信道间干扰，小区之间的信道借用被限定在预先选好的信道之间。为了进一步提高系统的性能，在方案中引入了其他优先级策略，例如信道预留、强占优先等。在此基础上，为了满足部分业务的高服务质量要求，以及降低业务阻塞率的目的，允许部分实时业务在需要的时候转换业务类型。仿真结果表明，和CBWL方案相较，该方案能够降低业务阻塞率，提高信道利用率。
第三，本文研究了如何在全IP异构网络中，基于信道借用和业务溢出策略，进行异构小区间的信道分配。本文提出了一种基于信道水平借用和业务垂直溢出的信道分配方案－HCB-VTO方案。为了降低业务中断概率，在目标小区没有可用信道的情况下，该方案赋予切换请求信道水平借用和业务垂直溢出功能。在条件允许的情况下，可以向同构小区借用信道，或向异构小区溢出业务。考虑到不同业务之间的差别，允许部分业务强占其它业务的信道，同时，为了进一步降低业务中断概率，引入了等待队列，不同类型的业务的切换请求可以在相应的队列中等待。本文分别分析了HCB-VTO方案在两种场景下的情形，相应地也引出了两种HCB-VTO方案。在第一种场景下，异构网络由宏小区和微小区构成；第二种场景下的网络由宏小区和热点构成。本文通过仿真比较了HCB-VTO方案在这两种场景下的情形，并和现有方法做了比较，结果表明，HCB-VTO方案能够有效地降低新呼阻塞率和业务中断率，改善系统性能。
第四，本文研究了无线多媒体网络中基于策略机制的无线资源分配方案，方案中分析了无线业务的特点，并描述了相应的业务模型。为了改善系统的性能，引入了多种信道分配机制和信道分配算法，它们组合成一系列的信道分配策略。这些策略组成一个策略列表。本文提出的基于策略信道分配方案的核心是：根据网络的负载状况，选择合适的信道分配机制（例如DCA或FCA），根据不同的场景，选择合适的的信道分配算法（例如PGC或PSCR），灵活分配和动态调整无线网络的可用信道资源，从而达到提高无线资源的利用率和降低系统阻塞率的目的。仿真结果表明，相比较使用单一的无线资源分配方案，使用策略机制可以获得较好的系统性能。
With the rapid development of modern technologies, mobile communication exertsmore and more important effect. Nowadays the commercial technology of3G is indeployment, and the research for next generation mobile communication, i.e.,Beyond-3G (B3G) is in the ascendant. Instead of using a single technology as a symbol,B3G will be an omnidirectional evolution of access technology, network structure andsystem performance, which is an all-IP heterogeneous telecommunication network. Theheterogeneity brings various fundamental challenges. In order to offer ubiquitouswireless access at any time, the interworking and harmonization among heterogeneousnetworks are considered as the primary problem in the coming years. Thus the RRM(Radio Resource Management) of all-IP heterogeneous network has got lots of attentionand becomes a valuable research task.
RRM is employed to utilize the radio resource reasonably and effectively. Itinvolves in several aspects, e.g. power control, mobility management, channel allocation,admission control, etc. In the view of simulation models, schemes and algorithms, theresearch of channel allocation for all-IP heterogeneous network is performed in thisdissertation. By combineing several channel allocation strategies or methods, somechannel allocation schemes are proposed for wireless networks, with the objective tolower the service blocking probabilities and increase the radio resource utilization ofwireless systems. Based on analytical model and computer simulation, the proposedschemes and algorithms are compared with existing schemes, which maybe of somevalue for the future research of RRM.
The contributions are listed as follows.
Firstly, the traffic model for wireless multimedia networks is studied in thedissertation. Considering the characteristics of person’s mobility and the subscriber’sdensity change on different time in a day, channel allocation schemes combined withtwo pre-emptive priority strategies (PD scheme and PV scheme) are proposed. Theproposed schemes are discriminated by the different kinds of pre-empted services. Byusing two special periods as the example, the traffic characteristic of time is alsoanalyzed and considered in the traffic model. For analytical simplicity, an approximatemodel is introduced. From the simulation results and analysis, some conclusions can beobtained that PV strategy outperforms PD strategy if the video services can betransformed into non-real-time services and this conversion can be accepted by users.
Secondly, in this dissertation channel borrowing based channel allocation schemefor heterogeneous wireless networks is proposed. By utilizing the queue theory forclosed queuing networks, the scheme is analyzed from the viewpoint of connection-level QoS. The contributions of this part lie in three aspects. First, based on the horizontalchannel borrowing, the vertical channel borrowing is introduced in this channelallocation scheme, and the channel borrowing is restricted within handoff requests, andonly pre-defined channels can be lent. When all the channels in a target cell are occupied,handoff requests can borrow channels from the adjacent homogeneous cells. In case thatthe horizontal borrowing requests fail, handoff requests may also borrow channels fromheterogeneous cells. Second, to further improve system performance, otherpriority-based strategies such as channel reservation and pre-emptive priority areintroduced. And the third, to meet the high QoS requirements of some services andlower the blocking probabilities, certain type of services can be transformed betweenreal-time services and non-real-time services as necessary. The proposed scheme is alsocompared with CBWL scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposedschemes can lower the service blocking probabilities and improve channel utilization.
Thirdly, the channel allocation scheme based on channel borrowing and trafficoverflowing for heterogeneous wireless networks is studied in this dissertation. Bysynthetically considering both horizontal channel borrowing and vertical trafficoverflowing, a new channel allocation scheme (HCB-VTO) is proposed. To lower theservice dropping probability, handoff requests are allowed to borrow channels fromhomogeneous cells or overflow to heterogeneous cells in the case there are no idlechannels in the target cell. Considering the different priorities among services, somekind of services with high priority are allowed to pre-empt the channels originallyemployed by other services. To further decrease the service dropping probabilities,waiting queues are introduced and the handoff requests of different services can bequeued. Two cases are analyzed in this part and the corresponding two HCB-VTOschemes are presented: the heterogeneous network composed of macro-cells andmicro-cells, and the heterogeneous network composed of macro-cells and hotspots. Thesimulation results prove that the proposed schemes can lower blocking probabilities ofboth the originating service and handoff services, and then system performance isimproved.
Finally, policy-based radio resource allocation scheme for wireless multimedianetworks is studied in this dissertation, in which the characteristic of wireless traffic isanalyzed and the corresponding traffic model is described. To improve systemperformance, different channel allocation algorithms and channel allocation mechanismsare introduced, and then a series of policies are formed by combining them. Thesepolicies are put into a policy list and a policy-based channel allocation scheme isconstituted. The core of policy-based channel allocation scheme lies in two aspects: thechannel allocation mechanism (for example DCA or FCA) is selected according tonetwork load; different channel allocation algorithms (for example PGC or PSCR) arechosen in terms of pre-defined scenarios. The aim to improve the radio resourceutilization and to lower the blocking probabilities is achieved by allocating wirelesschannels flexibly and dynamically. The simulation results are also demonstrated that the introduction of policy-based method can improve the system performance comparedwith the single channel allocation strategy.
无线资源管理的目的是合理、高效地利用无线资源。它包含功率控制、移动性管理、信道分配、接入控制等几个方面。本文从系统、方案和算法的角度出发，重点关注了全IP异构网络信道分配方面的研究，并结合几种常用的信道分配策略和方法，以提高全IP异构系统无线资源管理的性能和效率为目的，提出或改进了几种无线网络的信道分配方案和算法，在降低业务阻塞率的同时，尽量提高无线资源的利用率，并通过仿真实验验证了方案和算法的性能。所得结果对未来异构无线网络无线资源管理方面的研究具有一定的参考价值和实际意义。
本文所做的几点工作如下：
第一，本文研究了无线多媒体网络的业务量模型，针对一天当中人群的流动特点，提出了相应的业务量模型，并给出了对应的信道分配方案。模型和方案中考虑到了一天当中不同时刻，人群移动对用户密度造成的影响，并以两个特殊时段为例，结合强占优先策略，提出了两种基于强占优先的信道分配方案－PD方案和PV方案，二者的区别在于被强占信道业务种类的不同。为了分析的简便，文中还引入了一个近似模型。仿真和分析表明，用户的视频业务如果可以转换为非实时业务，并且这种改变用户可以接受，则使用PV方案的效果好一些。
第二，本文在分析无线网络信道分配方案的基础上，提出了适用于无线异构网络的信道借用方案，并运用闭合网络排队理论，从链接级QoS的角度作了性能分析。该方案首先在信道水平借用的基础上，引入了垂直借用功能，借用功能仅限于切换业务。在目标小区没有空闲信道可用的情况下，切换请求可以尝试向相邻的同构小区，或者向位于不同层次的异构小区借用信道。同时为了减少信道间干扰，小区之间的信道借用被限定在预先选好的信道之间。为了进一步提高系统的性能，在方案中引入了其他优先级策略，例如信道预留、强占优先等。在此基础上，为了满足部分业务的高服务质量要求，以及降低业务阻塞率的目的，允许部分实时业务在需要的时候转换业务类型。仿真结果表明，和CBWL方案相较，该方案能够降低业务阻塞率，提高信道利用率。
第三，本文研究了如何在全IP异构网络中，基于信道借用和业务溢出策略，进行异构小区间的信道分配。本文提出了一种基于信道水平借用和业务垂直溢出的信道分配方案－HCB-VTO方案。为了降低业务中断概率，在目标小区没有可用信道的情况下，该方案赋予切换请求信道水平借用和业务垂直溢出功能。在条件允许的情况下，可以向同构小区借用信道，或向异构小区溢出业务。考虑到不同业务之间的差别，允许部分业务强占其它业务的信道，同时，为了进一步降低业务中断概率，引入了等待队列，不同类型的业务的切换请求可以在相应的队列中等待。本文分别分析了HCB-VTO方案在两种场景下的情形，相应地也引出了两种HCB-VTO方案。在第一种场景下，异构网络由宏小区和微小区构成；第二种场景下的网络由宏小区和热点构成。本文通过仿真比较了HCB-VTO方案在这两种场景下的情形，并和现有方法做了比较，结果表明，HCB-VTO方案能够有效地降低新呼阻塞率和业务中断率，改善系统性能。
第四，本文研究了无线多媒体网络中基于策略机制的无线资源分配方案，方案中分析了无线业务的特点，并描述了相应的业务模型。为了改善系统的性能，引入了多种信道分配机制和信道分配算法，它们组合成一系列的信道分配策略。这些策略组成一个策略列表。本文提出的基于策略信道分配方案的核心是：根据网络的负载状况，选择合适的信道分配机制（例如DCA或FCA），根据不同的场景，选择合适的的信道分配算法（例如PGC或PSCR），灵活分配和动态调整无线网络的可用信道资源，从而达到提高无线资源的利用率和降低系统阻塞率的目的。仿真结果表明，相比较使用单一的无线资源分配方案，使用策略机制可以获得较好的系统性能。
With the rapid development of modern technologies, mobile communication exertsmore and more important effect. Nowadays the commercial technology of3G is indeployment, and the research for next generation mobile communication, i.e.,Beyond-3G (B3G) is in the ascendant. Instead of using a single technology as a symbol,B3G will be an omnidirectional evolution of access technology, network structure andsystem performance, which is an all-IP heterogeneous telecommunication network. Theheterogeneity brings various fundamental challenges. In order to offer ubiquitouswireless access at any time, the interworking and harmonization among heterogeneousnetworks are considered as the primary problem in the coming years. Thus the RRM(Radio Resource Management) of all-IP heterogeneous network has got lots of attentionand becomes a valuable research task.
RRM is employed to utilize the radio resource reasonably and effectively. Itinvolves in several aspects, e.g. power control, mobility management, channel allocation,admission control, etc. In the view of simulation models, schemes and algorithms, theresearch of channel allocation for all-IP heterogeneous network is performed in thisdissertation. By combineing several channel allocation strategies or methods, somechannel allocation schemes are proposed for wireless networks, with the objective tolower the service blocking probabilities and increase the radio resource utilization ofwireless systems. Based on analytical model and computer simulation, the proposedschemes and algorithms are compared with existing schemes, which maybe of somevalue for the future research of RRM.
The contributions are listed as follows.
Firstly, the traffic model for wireless multimedia networks is studied in thedissertation. Considering the characteristics of person’s mobility and the subscriber’sdensity change on different time in a day, channel allocation schemes combined withtwo pre-emptive priority strategies (PD scheme and PV scheme) are proposed. Theproposed schemes are discriminated by the different kinds of pre-empted services. Byusing two special periods as the example, the traffic characteristic of time is alsoanalyzed and considered in the traffic model. For analytical simplicity, an approximatemodel is introduced. From the simulation results and analysis, some conclusions can beobtained that PV strategy outperforms PD strategy if the video services can betransformed into non-real-time services and this conversion can be accepted by users.
Secondly, in this dissertation channel borrowing based channel allocation schemefor heterogeneous wireless networks is proposed. By utilizing the queue theory forclosed queuing networks, the scheme is analyzed from the viewpoint of connection-level QoS. The contributions of this part lie in three aspects. First, based on the horizontalchannel borrowing, the vertical channel borrowing is introduced in this channelallocation scheme, and the channel borrowing is restricted within handoff requests, andonly pre-defined channels can be lent. When all the channels in a target cell are occupied,handoff requests can borrow channels from the adjacent homogeneous cells. In case thatthe horizontal borrowing requests fail, handoff requests may also borrow channels fromheterogeneous cells. Second, to further improve system performance, otherpriority-based strategies such as channel reservation and pre-emptive priority areintroduced. And the third, to meet the high QoS requirements of some services andlower the blocking probabilities, certain type of services can be transformed betweenreal-time services and non-real-time services as necessary. The proposed scheme is alsocompared with CBWL scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposedschemes can lower the service blocking probabilities and improve channel utilization.
Thirdly, the channel allocation scheme based on channel borrowing and trafficoverflowing for heterogeneous wireless networks is studied in this dissertation. Bysynthetically considering both horizontal channel borrowing and vertical trafficoverflowing, a new channel allocation scheme (HCB-VTO) is proposed. To lower theservice dropping probability, handoff requests are allowed to borrow channels fromhomogeneous cells or overflow to heterogeneous cells in the case there are no idlechannels in the target cell. Considering the different priorities among services, somekind of services with high priority are allowed to pre-empt the channels originallyemployed by other services. To further decrease the service dropping probabilities,waiting queues are introduced and the handoff requests of different services can bequeued. Two cases are analyzed in this part and the corresponding two HCB-VTOschemes are presented: the heterogeneous network composed of macro-cells andmicro-cells, and the heterogeneous network composed of macro-cells and hotspots. Thesimulation results prove that the proposed schemes can lower blocking probabilities ofboth the originating service and handoff services, and then system performance isimproved.
Finally, policy-based radio resource allocation scheme for wireless multimedianetworks is studied in this dissertation, in which the characteristic of wireless traffic isanalyzed and the corresponding traffic model is described. To improve systemperformance, different channel allocation algorithms and channel allocation mechanismsare introduced, and then a series of policies are formed by combining them. Thesepolicies are put into a policy list and a policy-based channel allocation scheme isconstituted. The core of policy-based channel allocation scheme lies in two aspects: thechannel allocation mechanism (for example DCA or FCA) is selected according tonetwork load; different channel allocation algorithms (for example PGC or PSCR) arechosen in terms of pre-defined scenarios. The aim to improve the radio resourceutilization and to lower the blocking probabilities is achieved by allocating wirelesschannels flexibly and dynamically. The simulation results are also demonstrated that the introduction of policy-based method can improve the system performance comparedwith the single channel allocation strategy.
引文
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