摘要
本文以客车制造企业的物流系统为对象,综合研究了中小型客车制造厂物流系统的规划设计及生产物流系统的优化。根据系统优化目标,建立了相关的数学模型,选择优化算法求解;运用仿真技术,分析并改进了生产物流系统的实施方案;运用遗传算法进行客车混流装配线投产排序优化决策;运用变邻域算法进行仓储系统货位分配优化决策;应用RFID技术采集和跟踪客车生命周期中的各个环节相关数据,同时以客车生产过程为核心信息源,开发了车辆信息跟踪系统。论文结合某客车制造企业的生产物流系统及车辆信息跟踪系统的实际需求,提出的综合研究方法可供同类研究参考。
论文在对某客车制造企业物流系统调查的基础上,依据该企业的生产方式、产销能力及生产物流系统的特征,分析了生产能力和交货期差距的原因和生产物流系统存在的问题,找出了优化某客车企业生产物流系统的规划设计关键点。
论文应用Petri网离散系统建模技术对客车混流生产线物流系统建模,运用AutoMod仿真软件进行系统仿真,并分析系统的瓶颈,得出在一定目标下的最优方案,使得生产线物流系统得到平衡。在生产线平衡的基础上,运用遗传算法进行客车混流装配线投产排序优化决策。
论文对客车生产厂内仓储系统进行了规划与设计,应用变邻域算法进行仓储系统货位分配优化决策,并运用AutoMod物流专业软件对自动化仓储系统运行进行仿真。结果表明,优化前后的仓库面积效益、人员效益、出入库时间,设备投入、布局合理性等都得到显著改善。
论文应用RFID技术采集和跟踪客车生产的相关数据,构建了车辆信息跟踪系统。在RFID抗金属干扰试验研究的基础上,以生产管理信息为核心,进行了信息系统的设计与开发;并延续到客车生命周期中的各个环节,实现客车联网信息跟踪。最后以客车进入二手车市场信息需求为例,开发了客车联网信息跟踪二手车交易节点,为完整车辆信息跟踪系统的实现提供了技术支持。
This paper studied a bus manufacturer logistics system and dedicated to the planning,design and optimization of the existing small and medium-sized bus manufacturer’s logisticssystem structure. According to the system optimization goals, the paper has establishedmathematical models of the related systems, selected the optimization algorithm to solveoptimization problem. Combined with empirical simulation, the paper has provided solutions toimprove the production logistics systems and analysis methods. Taking use of geneticalgorithms, this paper optimized mixed bus model assembly sequencing line. Taking use ofvariable neighborhood algorithm, this paper optimized the decision-making cargo distributionwarehouse systems. Taking use of RFID, this paper collected and tracked the data of bus lifecycle, at the same time, this paper took the bus production process as the core informationsource, and developed the tracking system of the vehicle information.
On the basis of a bus manufacturing enterprise logistics system survey, and according tothe production mode, production organization, characteristics of production logistics systemsand marketing capacity of enterprise production, the reasons for the gap of production capacityand delivery were found, and also the problems of production and logistics systems were found.Ultimately the key points of the planning and design optimization of a bus production logisticssystem were identified.
Time Colored Petri Nets modeling and analysis discrete systems technique were used tobuild the modeling of mixed production line logistics system. By using of the AutoModsimulation software, the system was simulated, and the system’s bottlenecks were analyzed.Then the final optimal solution under a certain goal can be obtained and it makes the productionline logistics system be balanced. On the basis of the balanced production line, taking use ofgenetic algorithms for bus mixed model assembly line sequencing in optimal decision-makingwas proposed.
A bus production plant warehouse system were planned and designed. A new variableneighborhood algorithm was put forward to optimize cargo distribution warehouse systems, andthe AutoMod logistics professional software was used to simulate the automated warehousingsystem. The results show that the effectiveness of warehouse area, staff efficiency, time out ofstorage, input devices, all aspects of the rational layout has been significantly improved.
This paper took RFID to collect and track bus life cycle information, and set up a vehicleinformation tracking system. On the basis of the RFID anti-metal interference test research, andtook the production management information as core, the vehicle information tracking systemshave been designed and developed. This system could extend information to all aspects of the bus life cycle so as to realize the bus networking information tracking. Lastly, to meet theinformation needs of the used car market, taking bus as an example, a bus interconnectioninformation tracking system of second-hand car trading nodes has been developed. So it hasprovided technical support for the development of complete vehicle information trackingsystem.
引文
[1]Kilbridge M D,Wester L.A heuristic method of assembly line balancing[J].Journal of Industrialengineering,1961,7(4):292-298
[2]Thomopoulos N T.Line balancing-sequencing for mixed-model assembly[J].Management Science,1967,14(2):59-75
[3]Thomopoulos N T.Mixed model line balancing with smoothed station assignments[J]. ManagementScience.1970,16(9):593-603
[4]Roberts S D,Villa C D.On a multiproduct assembly line-balancing problem[J].AIIE Transactions,1970,2:361-364
[5]Dar-EI E M,Rubinovitch Y.MUST-a multiple solutions technique for balancing single model assemblylines[J].Management Science,1979,25(11):1105-1114
[6]Erel E,Gokcen H.Shortest-route formulation of mixed-model.assembly line balancingproblem[J].European Journal of Operation Research,1999,116(1):194-204
[7]Bukchin J,Dar-EI E M,Jacob R.Mixed model assembly line design in a make-to-orderenvironment[J]t.Computer and Industrial Engineering,2002,41(4):405-421
[8]Simaria A S,Vilarinho P M.A genetic algorithm based approach to mixed-model assembly line balancingproblem of typeⅡ[J].Computers and Industrial Engineering,2004,47(4):391-407
[9]宋华明,韩玉启.混合装配线上物料供应的平准化排序[J].系统工程,2002,20(3):15-19.
[10]Yow Y L,Matheson L A.Sequencing mixed model assembly lines with genetic algorithms[J].Computers&Industry Engineering,1996,30(4):1027-1036.
[11]Chul J H,Kim Y.A genetic algorithm for multiple objective sequencing problems in mixed modelassembly lines[J].Computers and Operations Research,1998,25(7):675~690.
[12]Bard J F.,Shtub,A.,&Joshi S B.Sequencing mixed-model assembly lines to level parts usage andminimize line length[J].International Journal of Production Research,32(1994):2431~2454
[13]Sumichrast R.T.,Russell R.S.,Taylor B.W.,A comparative analysis of sequencing procedures formixed-models assembly lines in just-in-time production system[J].International Journal ProductionResearch,1992,30:199~214.
[14]董建华,肖田元,赵银燕.遗传禁忌搜索算法在混流装配线排序中的应用[J].工业工程与管理.2003,2:14-17
[15]赵伟,韩文秀,罗永太.准时生产方式下混流装配线的调度问题[J].管理科学学报,2000,3(4):23-29
[16](英)D. R.伍德利.物料搬运[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1975,653-731.
[17]刘昌棋,董良.自动化立体仓库的设计[M].北京机械工业出版社,2004:2
[18]剡昌峰,吴晓黎,胡赤兵等.自动化仓库在线调度问题的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2002,15(4):23-25
[19]师向丽,白尚旺,谭英等.自动化立体仓库中作业调度的研究[J].物流技术,2004(3):29-32
[20]徐香玲,傅卫平,李德信等.基于专家系统的自动化立体仓库出入库调度研究[J].物流技术,2005(2):38-41
[21]Lim,Joon-Mook. Genetic Algorithm for Determining the Optimal Operating Policies in anIntegrated-automated Manufacturing System[J]. Journal of Engineering Valuation and CostAnalysis.2000,3(4):291-299
[22]Chow,We-Min. Development of an Automated Storage and Retrieval System for ManufacturingAssembly Lines.IEEE.1986:490-495
[23]Van den Berg J P and Zijm W H M. Models for warehouse management: Classification and examples[J].International Journal of Production Economics,1999,59:519-528
[24]Heragu S S, et al. Mathematical model for warehouse design and product allocation[J]. InternationalJournal of Production Research,2005,43:327-338
[25]Larson T N, March H, Kusiak A. A heuristic approach to warehouse layout with class-based storage[J].IIE Transactions,1997,29:337-348
[26]Chew E P, Tang L C. Travel time analysis for general item location assignment in arectangular warehouse[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,111:582-597
[27]Zhang G. Q, Xue J and Lai, K K. A class of genetic algorithms for multiple-level warehouse layoutproblems[J]. International Journal of Production Research,2002,40:731-744
[28]Malmborg C J. An integrated storage system evaluation model[J]. Applied Mathematical Modeling,1996(20):359-370
[29]柳赛男,柯映林,李江雄等.基于调度策略的自动化仓库系统优化问题研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006(9):1438-1443
[30]宋伟峰,蔡云蛟,赵娴.物流系统仿真的研究[J].China storage&transport magazine.2006(05):80-81
[31]张新萍,刘玉坤.系统仿真软件Flexsim3.0实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.12:12
[32]Bafna KM, Reed Jr.R. An analytical approach to design of high-rise stacker crane warehousesystem[J].Journal of Industrial Engineering.1972(8):8-14
[33]Petry RF, Hoover SV, Freeman DR. Design of an automated storage and retrieval system usingsimulation modeling[J].Institute of Industrial Engineering, ICAW ProceedingsAtlanta,Georgia.1983:349-354
[34]Rosenblatt MJ, Eynan A, Deriving the optimal boundaries for class-based automatic storage/retrievalsystems[J].Management Science,1989,35(12):1519-1524
[35]Ayan Fritz, Stephen Horvath, Calos Orellana, Jinathan Wohlers. Real Time Control of a Discrete-eventSimulation Using an External Controller: a Feasibility Study With Application to Mail DistributionSystems[J].Systems and Information Design Symposium, University of Virginia,2002.
[36]Yong Hae Lee, Moon Hwan Lee, Sun Hur. Optimal design of rack structure with modual cell inAS/RS[J].Production Economics,2005(98):172-178
[37]常发亮,刘长有.自动化立体仓库输送系统调度的优化及其应用[J].系统仿真学报,1998(10):14-19
[38]田国会.自动化仓库输送调度问题的建模与控制研究[J].控制与决策,2001(7):447
[39]张汉江,肖伟,罗端红,杨三根.辅助自动化立体仓库设计的可视化物流仿真[J].系统工程,2006(3):15-17.
[40]梁瑞凤,程国全,王转.Flexsim在卷烟厂自动化辅料配送物流系统仿真中的应用[J].物流技术,2006(2):28-30.
[41]刘利军,阮建敏,谭莲,郑晨升.基于仿真的自动化立体仓库运行效率研究[J].煤矿机械,2006(10):66-68.
[42]Rao K V S.An overview of backscattered radio frequency identification system(RFID)[J].MicrowaveConference1999Asia Pacific:1999(3).
[43]Landt J. The history of RFID [J]. Potentials, IEEE,2005.
[44]李泉林,陈德静,严佳.汽车工业中应用RFID技术的现状与进展[J].中国电子商情(RFID技术与应用),2009(04):46-56
[45]2010年中国物联网与现代物流业研究报告[R].中国物流技术协会信息中心.2010.4
[46]王平,梁峰,尹振寿,漆随平,王东明.基于RFID技术的高速公路不停车收费系统[J].机械管理开发,2010,(06):44-45
[47]杨天军,杨晓光.运输管理信息系统的研究与设计[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2004,(01):102-104
[48]金江红.智能交通系统中基于RFID的城市出租车交通信息采集平台[D].吉林大学,2007
[49]李长青.中外RFID技术在物流管理中应用的差距[J]. RFID技术与应用,2010.03.01
[50]王民川.RFID防伪技术在车牌防伪中的应用.黑龙江科技信息[J],2011(08):59
[51]孟新秀,邱力军.基于RFID的医疗设备信息管理系统的设计与实现[J].医疗卫生装备,2009(09):24-26
[52]潘家昭.现代生产管理学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[53]丁立言等.物流系统工程[M].清华大学出版社,2000.
[54]吴桂花,车玉芬.MRP、JI'I的比较与集成研究[J].邢台职业技术学院学报,2004.21(6):61-64.
[55]韩茂样等.MRPII/JI'T集成的理论分析与应用研究[J].技术经济,2001.165(9):58-60
[56]陈亚绒译.一种集成的MRP与JIT结构[J].物流技术,2003(2):42-45.
[57]郭劲天.汽车混流装配线的排产优化与仿真[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2008.4
[58]张慧.混合生产线制造过程的建模与仿真研究[D].天津工业大学硕士论文,2008.1
[59]宋华明,韩玉启,杨慧.多品种混合型装配流水线的平衡设计[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(6):475-479
[60]柏杰,陆薇,黄志,王辉.神龙汽车有限公司物流技术应用[J].工业工程与管理.2000(2):49-53
[61]宋华明.混合流水生产系统的多目标协同化研究[D].南京理工大学博士论文,2003.1
[62]Alford D,Sackett P,Nelder G.Mass customisation-an automotive perspective[J].International.Journal ofProduction Economics,2000,65(1):99~110
[63]贾大龙,韩玉启等.应用工业工程[M].北京:兵器工业出版社.1993:76-118
[64]Eastwood M.Implementing mass customization[J].Computers in Industry,1996,30(3):171-174
[65]陈禹六、李清、张峰著.经营过程重构(BPR)与系统集成[M].清华大学出版社,2001.
[66]范玉顺编.工作流管理技术基础—实现企业业务过程重组、过程管理与过程自动化的核心技术[M].清华大学出版社,施普林格出版社,2001
[67]李云,高小强,郑忠.运用ActiveX技术开发炼钢物流可视化仿真平台[J].计算机应用研究,2005.05:181-183
[68]田国会,李晓磊,杨西侠.Petri网方法及其在离散事件动态系统研究中的应用[J].山东农业大学学报,2008,3(4):322-329
[69]江志斌.Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用[M].机械工业出版社,2004.5
[70]Ramchandani C. Analysis of Asynchronous Concurrent System by Timed Petri Nets[D]. PhDthesis,MIT,1974
[71]Zhao X B,Ohno K.Algorithm for sequencing mixed-models on an assembly line in a JIT productionsystem[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering,1997(32):47-56.
[72]汪亚男、王明哲.赋时着色Petri网在建模仿真中的应用[J].测控技术,2005,24(1):50-56
[73]卞荣花.总装配线物流系统平衡与投产优[D].南京林业大学硕士论文,2009.6
[74]Bukchin J,Dar-EI E M,Jacob R. Mixed model assembly line design in a make-to-order environment[J].Computer and Industrial Engineering,2002,41(4):405-421.
[75]Caridi M,Sianesi A. Multi-agent systems in production planning and control:an application to thescheduling of mixed-model assembly lines[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2000(68):29-42.
[76]Ahmet Bolat. Efficient methods for sequencing minimum job sets on mixed model assemblylines[J].Naval Research Logistics,1997(4):419-437.
[77]Eastwood M. Implementing mass customization[J]. Computers in Industry,1996,30(3):171~174.
[78]Simaria A S,Vilarinho P M.A genetic algorithm based approach to the mixed-model assembly linebalancing problem of type II[J].Computers and Industrial Engineering,2004,47(4):391-407
[79]徐宗本,陈志平.遗传算法基础理论研究的新近发展[J].数学进展,2004(4):91-114.
[80]Huang, Yindi. Modeling and simulation analyzing of bus assembly line based on time colored petrinet[C]//Proceedings of the2010International Conference of Logistics Engineering and Management.Chendu.2010American Society of Civil Engineers,2010.Vol.387:3369-3376.
[81]尚文利,史海波,邱文萍,何柏涛.基于RFID的混流装配汽车生产线物料动态配送研究[J].机械设计与制造,2007,2(2):157.
[82]凌斌涛.ABC分析法在仓储空间规划中的应用研究[J].经营管理,2008(24):62-63
[83]吴清一.现代物流基础[M],中国教育服务中心,1997
[84]金若楠,张文杰等编译.现代综合物流管理[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994(6):280
[85]吴阿敏.汽车制造企业仓储系统的规划与仿真[D].南京林业大学硕士论文,2010.6
[86]刘昌棋,董良.自动化立体仓库的设计[M].北京机械工业出版社,2004.[86]贾煜亮.自动化立体仓库中货位实时分配优化问题研究[D].清华大学,2007,(6):11
[87]刘金平,周炳海,奚立峰.在线自动化立体仓库的库位分配方法及其实证研究[J],2005(1):13
[88]M ladenovic'N, Hansen P. Variable neighborhood search[J].Com-putOperRes,1997,24(11):1097-1100.
[89]Hansen P,Mladenovic' N. Variable neighborhood search: principles and applications[J]. Eur JOperRes,2001,130(3):449-467
[90]Kyt joki J,NuortioT, BraysyO,et al.An efficient variable neigh-borhood search heuristic for very largescale vehicle routing prob-lems[J]. ComputOperRes,2007,34(9):2743-2757
[91]ZobolasG I, Tarantilis C D, Ioannou G. Minimizing makespan inpermutation flow shop schedulingproblemsusing a hybridmetaheu-ristic algorithm[J]. ComputOper Res,2009,36(4):1249-1267.
[92]吴仆,蒋建林,文杰.求解推广k-CARD问题的一种变邻域搜索方法[J],贵州大学学报,2009(10):24
[94] AutoMod12.0User’s Guide[M], Brooks Automation2005
[95]RAOKVS.An Over view of Back scattered Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID)[J].MicrowaveConference1999Asia Pacific,1999(3):746-749.
[96]慈新新,王苏滨,王硕.无线射频识别(RFID)系统技术与应用[M].北京人民邮电出版社.2007
[97]赵莉.小型汽车厂自动识别生产管理信息系统的开发[D].南京林业大学硕士论文,2009.6
[98]谭民等.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].北京机械工业出版社.2007.
[99]顾云彪.RFID中间件软件在RFID系统中的功能和作用[J].商场现代化,2010,(16):8-10
[100]周世威,于国防,张蕊,秦聪.基于RFID在Rifidi中的仿真研究[J].电子设计工程,2011,(05):157-161
[101]Prabhu BS, Su X, Ramamurthy H, Chu CC, Gadh R. Winrfid–a middleware for the enablement ofradio frequency identification (RFID) based applications[J]. White Paper, UCLA–Wireless Internet forthe Mobile Internet Consortium,2008.(01)
[102]Floerkemeier C, Roduner C, Lampe M. RFID application development with the Accada middlewareplatform[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, Special Issue on RFID Technology2007.1(2):82–94.
[103]郭洪役,郦苏丹.由IBM和BEA的代表产品看RFID中间件[J].计算机与信息技术,2008.(10):76-78
[104]陆歌皓,李仕金,吴超凡.Drools规则引擎在现代物流信息平台的应用[J].计算机科学,2011.(S1):447-450
[105]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006.
[106]Landt J. The history of RFID [J]. Potentials, IEEE,2005.
[107]EMS公司.Johnson Controls公司汽车座套生产RFID应用方案.RFID世界网.http://success.rifd.com.cn/2007-3/200736204146225:html.2007-3-6.
[108]RFID应用的内部动力控制工程中文网http://www.cechinamag.com/Article/html/2006-07/2006712025913.1.htm.2006-07-12.
[109]Reader2022读写器用户手册.江苏瑞福智能科技有限公司.2005
[110]宫磊.从RFID的物理特性分析用在金属上的可行方案.e-works网.http://www.e-works.net.cn/ewk2004/ewkArticles/602/Article34083.htm.200-11-23.
[111]金志浩,高积强,乔冠军.工程陶瓷材料[M].西安交通大学出版社,2003.
[112]戴遐明,艾德生,李庆丰,邓长生,董利民.纳米陶瓷材料及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[113]袁胜强.企业现代物流信息系统构架体系研究[J].物流技术,2003,(10):46-48
[114]逮昭义.计算机网络原理——计算机网络体系结构[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[115]启明工作室.精通SQL Server2005数据库应用系统开发[M].人民邮电出版社2007.
[116]陈钟,刘强,张高. C#编程语言程序设计与开发[M].清华大学出版社,2003.
[117]王春红.Delphi7程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[118]陈朝阳,任佩红,张代胜等.汽车公司销售信息系统的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版).2004(1), Vol.27(1).13-17
[119]黄艳波.射频识别技术在智能交通领域的应用浅析[J].国际智能交通,2005,(1/2):39-42.
[120]但雨芳,马庆禄. RFID、GPS和GIS技术集成在交通智能监管系统中的应用研究[J].计算机应用研究,2009,(12):4628-4630,4634.
[121]冯秀荣.王斌.影响二手车价值的因子分析[J].商业研究.2008.02:102-104.
[122]伍昌鸿,马晓茜,陈勇,等.汽车制造、使用及回收的生命周期分析[J].汽车工程,2006(2):207-211.
[123]游战清,李苏剑,张益强,刘克胜,郑利强,徐虎.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[124]2010年中国物联网与现代物流业研究报告[R].中国物流技术协会信息中心.2010.4
[125]周国礼.解析EPCglobal物联网技术之ONS服务[J]. RFID中国网,2007.3
[126]焦宗东.EPC物联网中流通信息的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007
[127]黄银龙,张辉,徐旭,赵郁亮,谈广云.车辆管理RFID电子标签内存规划研究[J].通信技术.2010(02):141-142
[128]廉玉锋.基于RFID技术的军车管理系统设计与实现[D].吉林:吉林大学计算机应用技术专业,2006
[129]Duncan McFarlane. Identity and Product Lifecycle Management: A Role for RFID?[R]. CambridgeAuto ID lab,2005.7
[130]徐玮,彭敏芳,魏巍,戴婧.轻松学PIC之RS232串口通信篇[J].电子制作,2010.07:68-71
[131]陈鸣慰,袁作林,季鹏.基于RS232/485协议的数据采集系统[J].微处理机,2009,04
[132]蔡瑞瑞,江辉.基于C#高频电刀医疗设备RS232串行通信的设计与实现[J].安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报,2011,04
[133]车联网技术与产业概述.中国货运车联网技术与产业发展报告[R].2012.1
[134]李伟.MSchart图表控件在Visual Studio2008中的应用.电脑知识与技术[J],2010,(04):866-867