测压铜柱静态及动态力学特性分析
摘要
塑性变形测压法具有工作可靠、使用方便、成本低廉等突出的优点,一百多年来,一直是常规武器膛压检验的主要技术手段。本文针对塑性测压法中测压圆柱的静态力学特性、动态力学特性等一系列理论问题,进行了详细的研究。论文的主要工作体现在以下几个方面:
a)在铜柱镦粗过程中,铜柱与接触面的摩擦力是影响铜柱变形的一个重要因素。根据实际的铜柱测压的条件下径高比的不同,把接触面分为滑动区、制动区、停滞区三部分。通过讨论接触的不同,利用金属塑性成形力学分析的方法导出铜柱压力与变形量的关系式。最后根据所获得的静态数学物理模型进行求解,并与静压实验比较后得到了较为理想的结果。
b)以刚塑性有限元法为理论基础,通过ANSYS软件建立铜柱镦粗成形的有限元轴对称模型,对铜柱镦粗成形过程进行了有限元数值模拟,获得有关网格变形、位移及压力等信息,揭示铜柱的变形流动规律。为验证有限元模拟方法的可靠性和有效性,并对镦粗成形过程作进一步的分析,又设计并完成了铜柱静压实验。实验结果表明,模拟结果基本可靠,对实际生产和理论分析有一定的参考价值。
c)从铜柱测压机理出发,建立了较为完善的铜柱测压系统的数学模型,利用Matlab对该模型数值求解,计算结果与实验测量结果基本相符,通过计算,获得了测压铜柱在动态压力作用下的变化规律,从理论上全面解释了测压铜柱工作的力学规律。
For more than a hundred years, the method of plastic deformation for measuring pressures has been the main mean to test the chamber pressure of conventional weapons because of its advantages that is reliability, convenience and low price. Aimed at a series of theory problem in the static mechanical characteristic and the dynamic mechanical characteristic, a large amount of work has been done in dissertation. The main work consists of the following parts:
a) The frictional coefficient between copper cylinder and the interface is one of the most important factor in the copper cylinder upsetting process. According to the diameter height ratio difference, the interface was divided into three parts : sliding area, restraint area, stagnant area. Bases on the difference of the touch,we get the formula between the pressure and distortion. At last, a comparatively satisfactory result based on the performed static formula of mathmatics and physics was obtained, and it is testified by the tests.
b) Regarding Rigid-Viscoplastic FEM(the Finite Element Method) as theoretical foundation, an axial symmetry model of ring upsetting was built up through ANSYS software, the copper cylinder upsetting has been simulated by the FEM. Information about the deformed sample, such as mesh distortion, displacement and pressure has been achieved. The deformation patterns were revealed. In order to verify the FEM simulation results, various experiments about copper cylinder pressure measuring were designed and completed. The experiment results indicated that the simulation results are reliable.
c) The mathematical model of copper cylinder pressure-measuring system was established according to the pressure-measuring mechanism of copper cylinders and the numerical solution program was made using the Matlab. The simulation of this model has been done and the simulation results comply with the measuring results quite well. According to the simulating calculation, the regularity of copper cylinder deformation under different pressure is obtained.
a)在铜柱镦粗过程中,铜柱与接触面的摩擦力是影响铜柱变形的一个重要因素。根据实际的铜柱测压的条件下径高比的不同,把接触面分为滑动区、制动区、停滞区三部分。通过讨论接触的不同,利用金属塑性成形力学分析的方法导出铜柱压力与变形量的关系式。最后根据所获得的静态数学物理模型进行求解,并与静压实验比较后得到了较为理想的结果。
b)以刚塑性有限元法为理论基础,通过ANSYS软件建立铜柱镦粗成形的有限元轴对称模型,对铜柱镦粗成形过程进行了有限元数值模拟,获得有关网格变形、位移及压力等信息,揭示铜柱的变形流动规律。为验证有限元模拟方法的可靠性和有效性,并对镦粗成形过程作进一步的分析,又设计并完成了铜柱静压实验。实验结果表明,模拟结果基本可靠,对实际生产和理论分析有一定的参考价值。
c)从铜柱测压机理出发,建立了较为完善的铜柱测压系统的数学模型,利用Matlab对该模型数值求解,计算结果与实验测量结果基本相符,通过计算,获得了测压铜柱在动态压力作用下的变化规律,从理论上全面解释了测压铜柱工作的力学规律。
For more than a hundred years, the method of plastic deformation for measuring pressures has been the main mean to test the chamber pressure of conventional weapons because of its advantages that is reliability, convenience and low price. Aimed at a series of theory problem in the static mechanical characteristic and the dynamic mechanical characteristic, a large amount of work has been done in dissertation. The main work consists of the following parts:
a) The frictional coefficient between copper cylinder and the interface is one of the most important factor in the copper cylinder upsetting process. According to the diameter height ratio difference, the interface was divided into three parts : sliding area, restraint area, stagnant area. Bases on the difference of the touch,we get the formula between the pressure and distortion. At last, a comparatively satisfactory result based on the performed static formula of mathmatics and physics was obtained, and it is testified by the tests.
b) Regarding Rigid-Viscoplastic FEM(the Finite Element Method) as theoretical foundation, an axial symmetry model of ring upsetting was built up through ANSYS software, the copper cylinder upsetting has been simulated by the FEM. Information about the deformed sample, such as mesh distortion, displacement and pressure has been achieved. The deformation patterns were revealed. In order to verify the FEM simulation results, various experiments about copper cylinder pressure measuring were designed and completed. The experiment results indicated that the simulation results are reliable.
c) The mathematical model of copper cylinder pressure-measuring system was established according to the pressure-measuring mechanism of copper cylinders and the numerical solution program was made using the Matlab. The simulation of this model has been done and the simulation results comply with the measuring results quite well. According to the simulating calculation, the regularity of copper cylinder deformation under different pressure is obtained.
引文
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