高g值加速度计激光干涉冲击校准技术研究
|
摘要
本文针对高g值加速度计激光干涉冲击校准问题,主要进行了以下两方面的研究:一、加速度计校准对激励脉冲宽度的要求以及脉冲宽度的调整。二、多普勒信号解算算法的研究。
本文目的是研究加速度计冲击校准对激励脉冲宽度的要求、利用不同几何尺寸的霍普金森杆和不同激励方式获得脉宽符合要求的激励脉冲;研究激光干涉仪输出多普勒信号的整形及其解算。在广泛检索国内外相关文献的基础上,作者采用理论分析、计算机模拟、实验室实验相结合的方法,对上述问题进行了研究:
(1)通过加速度计数学模型从理论上分析了对加速度计准静态校准和动态校准时激励脉冲宽度应分别满足的要求,并给出了脉冲宽度、加速度计谐振频率和校正误差之间的关系。为获得满足要求的脉冲宽度,设计了三种霍普金森杆冲击装置,所产生的脉宽范围从6.62微秒至210微秒。
(2)提出了对多普勒信号整形的新方法,有效消除了实测多普勒信号中零线漂移和幅值减小的现象。多普勒信号瞬时频率的解算采用对瞬时相位微分的方法。文中利用模拟多普勒信号对多普勒解算算法进行了验证,说明算法具有较高的精度。
采用本文论述的方法,对兵器工业二O四所研制的压电型988加速度计进行了准静态校准实验,取得了满意的结果。说明本实验装置和所采用方法的正确性。
In this thesis, the following two aspects of researches are performed about the shock calibration with laser-interferometry for high g accelerometers:First, the criteria about the duration of input acceleration pulses in the accelerometer calibration, and the adjusting of the pulse duration; Second, the study on the arithmetic about decoding the Doppler signals.
The aims of this thesis are to establish the criteria about the duration of input acceleration pulses in the accelerometer calibration, to generate the input pulses with ideal durations by changing the dimensions of the Hopkinson bar, and to investigate on modification and decoding the Doppler signals from the interferometer. Having been searched abroad the related documents, the methods such as theoretical analysis、computer simulation、laboratory test are adopted to investigate the issues in question:
(1)The criteria about the durations of the input acceleration pulse for the qusia-static and dynamic calibrations are established theoretically from the mathematic model of the accelerometer. And the relations of the duration of the pulses, the resonance frequency and the error of the calibration are presented. Three kinds of Hopkinson bar shock devices have been applied to generate pulses with ideal durations. The available durations of the pulses range from 6.62μs to 210μs.
(2)A new method to modify the Doppler signal is applied, with which the phenomena of the zero-line shift and the decrease in amplitude are eliminated. The instantaneous frequency of the Doppler signal can be obtained by derivative of the instantaneous phase of the Doppler signal. The arithmetic about decoding the Doppler signals is proved to possess high accuracy by the artificial Doppler signal.
A kind of piezoelectric-type accelerometer 988 developed by 204 institute of the ministry of the weapon industry have been evaluated in the quasi-static calibration with the presented method. And the result of the calibrations entitled this calibration device and the method with validity.
本文目的是研究加速度计冲击校准对激励脉冲宽度的要求、利用不同几何尺寸的霍普金森杆和不同激励方式获得脉宽符合要求的激励脉冲;研究激光干涉仪输出多普勒信号的整形及其解算。在广泛检索国内外相关文献的基础上,作者采用理论分析、计算机模拟、实验室实验相结合的方法,对上述问题进行了研究:
(1)通过加速度计数学模型从理论上分析了对加速度计准静态校准和动态校准时激励脉冲宽度应分别满足的要求,并给出了脉冲宽度、加速度计谐振频率和校正误差之间的关系。为获得满足要求的脉冲宽度,设计了三种霍普金森杆冲击装置,所产生的脉宽范围从6.62微秒至210微秒。
(2)提出了对多普勒信号整形的新方法,有效消除了实测多普勒信号中零线漂移和幅值减小的现象。多普勒信号瞬时频率的解算采用对瞬时相位微分的方法。文中利用模拟多普勒信号对多普勒解算算法进行了验证,说明算法具有较高的精度。
采用本文论述的方法,对兵器工业二O四所研制的压电型988加速度计进行了准静态校准实验,取得了满意的结果。说明本实验装置和所采用方法的正确性。
In this thesis, the following two aspects of researches are performed about the shock calibration with laser-interferometry for high g accelerometers:First, the criteria about the duration of input acceleration pulses in the accelerometer calibration, and the adjusting of the pulse duration; Second, the study on the arithmetic about decoding the Doppler signals.
The aims of this thesis are to establish the criteria about the duration of input acceleration pulses in the accelerometer calibration, to generate the input pulses with ideal durations by changing the dimensions of the Hopkinson bar, and to investigate on modification and decoding the Doppler signals from the interferometer. Having been searched abroad the related documents, the methods such as theoretical analysis、computer simulation、laboratory test are adopted to investigate the issues in question:
(1)The criteria about the durations of the input acceleration pulse for the qusia-static and dynamic calibrations are established theoretically from the mathematic model of the accelerometer. And the relations of the duration of the pulses, the resonance frequency and the error of the calibration are presented. Three kinds of Hopkinson bar shock devices have been applied to generate pulses with ideal durations. The available durations of the pulses range from 6.62μs to 210μs.
(2)A new method to modify the Doppler signal is applied, with which the phenomena of the zero-line shift and the decrease in amplitude are eliminated. The instantaneous frequency of the Doppler signal can be obtained by derivative of the instantaneous phase of the Doppler signal. The arithmetic about decoding the Doppler signals is proved to possess high accuracy by the artificial Doppler signal.
A kind of piezoelectric-type accelerometer 988 developed by 204 institute of the ministry of the weapon industry have been evaluated in the quasi-static calibration with the presented method. And the result of the calibrations entitled this calibration device and the method with validity.
引文
[1] 李玉龙,郭伟国 ,贾德新等。高 g 值加速度传感器校准系统的研究, 爆炸与冲击[J], 1997.1
[2] 宋萍,李科杰.硬目标侵彻武器高冲击试验和高过载传感器技术国外发展概况.测控技术[J],2002, Vol.21 No. 2l 30~32.
[3] 黄峥. 国外兵器遥测技术的发展现状及国内兵器遥测技术发展的需求. 探测与控制学报[J],2000,Vol.22,No.1,3~5
[4] 刘中兵,利凤祥,李越森等。高过载条件下固体推进剂药柱结构完整性分析计算. 固体火箭技术[J],2003 Vol.26,No.2,12~16.
[5] 屈新芬,商顺昌,杨晴. 影响弹丸侵彻性能的因素分析及引信方案探讨. 信息与电子工程[J], Vol.1,No.3, 2003,51~55.
[6] F.E.Heuze.弹体对岩体材料侵入研究的综述,防护工程[J],1994,No.3,96~113.
[7] 王宁飞,魏卫. 固体推进剂高过载冲击动态力学性能研究[J]. 火炸药学报,2002, No.1,19~21.
[8] 中国机械工业标准汇编1.中国计量出版社.1998
[9] 孙桥,于梅.绝对法冲击校准技术的发展现状及研究.计量技术.2006,第三期,41-43
[10] ISO 16063 - 1, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers - Part 1: Basic concepts.1998.
[11] ISO 16063 - 13, Methods for the calibration of Vibration and Shock transducers2Part 13: Primary Shock calibration using laser interferometry.2001
[12] Kazunaga Ueda, Akira Umeda. Improvement of novel NRLM method for accelerometer characterization to the range 10 2ms?2. Sensor and Actuators (A), Vol.54, 2003, 517-522.
[13] Hans-Jurgen, von Martens*, Angelika. Taubner, Wolfgang. Traceability of vibration and shock measurements by laser interferometry. Measurement, Vol.45, 2000, 3-20.
[14] 梁志国,李新良,孙暻宇，连大鸿.激光干涉法一次冲击加速度计动态特性校准.测试技术学报,2004,NO.48.
[15] 梁志国, 孙景宇. 调频信号的一种数字化精确解调方法[J]. 测控技术, 2002. 21 (11): 18- 21.
[16] 梁志国, 朱济杰. 用周期倍差法评价数据采集系统的传递函数[J]. 计量学报, 1999, 20 (3) : 227- 233.
[17] Akira Umeda, Mike Onoe, Kohji Sakata. Calibration of three-axis accelerometers using a three-dimensional vibration generator and three laser interferometers. Sensor and Actuators (A), Vol. 114, 2004, 93-101.
[18] A. Umeda and K. Ueda, Study on the dynamic force/acceleration measurement, Sensor and Actuators, A21-A23 (1990) 285-288.
[19] A. Umeda and K. Ueda, Method and apparatus for measuring dynamic response characteristics of shock accelerometer, Patent Nos. 494396 (USA, 1990), H3-67175 (Japan,1991), 683949 (Switzerland, 1994), 766/90 (pending, Denmark, 1990).
[20] K. Ueda and A. Umeda, Investigation of accelerometers frequency response using novel NRLM method, Proc. Int. Conf. Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers 93), Yokohama, Japan, 7-10 June, 1993, pp. 848-851.
[21] K. Ueda and A. Umeda, Dynamic response of shock accelerometers measured by using Davies bar technique and laser interferometry, Proc. VII Int. Cong. Exp. Mech., Las Vegas, NV, USA, 8-11 June, 1992, pp. 1666-1673.
[22] M.J. Forrestal, TC. Togami, W. E. Baker, and D. J. Frew. Performance Evaluation of Accelerometers used for penetration experiments. Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 43, 2003, No. 1.
[23] Togami, T.C., Baker, W.E., and Forrestal, M.J. A Split Hopkinson Bar Technique to Evaluate the Performance of accelerometers. ASME J. Appl. Mech, 63, 353-356 (1966).
[24] Togami, T.C., Brown, F.A., Forrestal, M.J., and Baker, W.E. Performance evaluation of Accelerometers to 200,000 G. ASME J. Appl. Mech, 65, 266-268 (1998).
[25] 李玉龙,郭伟国 ,贾德新等。高 g 值加速度传感器校准系统的研究, 爆炸与冲击[J], 1997.1
[26] 黄俊钦,顾建雄。高 g 值加速度计和压电式力传感器的动态校准. 计量学报[J],2001,Vol.22,No.4:300~304.
[27] 王金贵.气体炮原理及技术[M],北京,国防工业出版社,2001
[28] 王礼立. 应力波基础[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1985
[29] 梁志国,李新良,孙暻宇，连大鸿.激光干涉法一次冲击加速度计动态特性校准.测试技术学报,2004,NO.48.
[30] S.铁摩辛柯. 工程中的振动问题[M],北京,人民铁道出版社,1978
[31] 黄俊钦.测试系统动力学,北京,国防工业出版社,1996
[32] 李庆丰,徐鹏,范锦彪.加速度计冲击校准中激励加速度脉宽的分析.中北大学学报(自然科学版)[增],Vol,28,275-277.
[33] 杨明,杨志刚,林祖森.加速度计输出信号的信息组成.华北工学院学报,Vol.21,1.
[34] 王礼立. 应力波基础[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1985
[35] Horacio Ramiez, Carlos Rubio-Gonzalez. Finite-element simulation of wave propagation and dispersion in Hopkinson bar test, Material and Design, Vol. 27, 2006, 36-44.
[36] B.C.别里涅茨.冲击加速度测量,新时代出版社,1982.
[37] 时党勇,李裕春,张胜民.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8.1进行显示动力分析,北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[38] Yusaku Fujii. Impact response measurement of an accelerometer, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 21, (2007), 2072–2079
[39] 葛哲学,陈仲生. Matlab时频分析技术及其应用,北京,人民邮电出版社,2005.
[40] 刘波,文忠,曾涯.MATLAB信号处理,北京,电子工业出版社,2006.
[41] Richard G. Lyons. 数字信号处理,北京,机械工业出版社,2002.
[42] 飞思. Matlab7基础与提高,北京,电子工业出版社,2005
[43] 振动与冲击手册.国防工业出版社[M],北京1990,263,385~386
[44] 胡广书.数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[45] Richard G. Lyons. 数字信号处理,北京,机械工业出版社,2002.
[46] 振动与冲击手册.国防工业出版社[M],北京1990,263,73~85
[47] 振动与冲击手册.国防工业出版社[M],北京1990,263,370~371
[48] ISO 16063 - 13, Methods for the calibration of Vibration and Shock transducers2Part 13: Primary Shock calibration using laser interferometry.2001
[49] 胡广书.数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[50] 钱亚大,杨仁安. 机械滤波器及其在冲击测量中的应用,振动与冲击[J].1984年第2期,69~76.
[51] M.S. Hundal. Response of shock isolators with linear and quadeatic damping Journal of Sound and Vibration,1981,76(2):273~281
[2] 宋萍,李科杰.硬目标侵彻武器高冲击试验和高过载传感器技术国外发展概况.测控技术[J],2002, Vol.21 No. 2l 30~32.
[3] 黄峥. 国外兵器遥测技术的发展现状及国内兵器遥测技术发展的需求. 探测与控制学报[J],2000,Vol.22,No.1,3~5
[4] 刘中兵,利凤祥,李越森等。高过载条件下固体推进剂药柱结构完整性分析计算. 固体火箭技术[J],2003 Vol.26,No.2,12~16.
[5] 屈新芬,商顺昌,杨晴. 影响弹丸侵彻性能的因素分析及引信方案探讨. 信息与电子工程[J], Vol.1,No.3, 2003,51~55.
[6] F.E.Heuze.弹体对岩体材料侵入研究的综述,防护工程[J],1994,No.3,96~113.
[7] 王宁飞,魏卫. 固体推进剂高过载冲击动态力学性能研究[J]. 火炸药学报,2002, No.1,19~21.
[8] 中国机械工业标准汇编1.中国计量出版社.1998
[9] 孙桥,于梅.绝对法冲击校准技术的发展现状及研究.计量技术.2006,第三期,41-43
[10] ISO 16063 - 1, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers - Part 1: Basic concepts.1998.
[11] ISO 16063 - 13, Methods for the calibration of Vibration and Shock transducers2Part 13: Primary Shock calibration using laser interferometry.2001
[12] Kazunaga Ueda, Akira Umeda. Improvement of novel NRLM method for accelerometer characterization to the range 10 2ms?2. Sensor and Actuators (A), Vol.54, 2003, 517-522.
[13] Hans-Jurgen, von Martens*, Angelika. Taubner, Wolfgang. Traceability of vibration and shock measurements by laser interferometry. Measurement, Vol.45, 2000, 3-20.
[14] 梁志国,李新良,孙暻宇，连大鸿.激光干涉法一次冲击加速度计动态特性校准.测试技术学报,2004,NO.48.
[15] 梁志国, 孙景宇. 调频信号的一种数字化精确解调方法[J]. 测控技术, 2002. 21 (11): 18- 21.
[16] 梁志国, 朱济杰. 用周期倍差法评价数据采集系统的传递函数[J]. 计量学报, 1999, 20 (3) : 227- 233.
[17] Akira Umeda, Mike Onoe, Kohji Sakata. Calibration of three-axis accelerometers using a three-dimensional vibration generator and three laser interferometers. Sensor and Actuators (A), Vol. 114, 2004, 93-101.
[18] A. Umeda and K. Ueda, Study on the dynamic force/acceleration measurement, Sensor and Actuators, A21-A23 (1990) 285-288.
[19] A. Umeda and K. Ueda, Method and apparatus for measuring dynamic response characteristics of shock accelerometer, Patent Nos. 494396 (USA, 1990), H3-67175 (Japan,1991), 683949 (Switzerland, 1994), 766/90 (pending, Denmark, 1990).
[20] K. Ueda and A. Umeda, Investigation of accelerometers frequency response using novel NRLM method, Proc. Int. Conf. Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers 93), Yokohama, Japan, 7-10 June, 1993, pp. 848-851.
[21] K. Ueda and A. Umeda, Dynamic response of shock accelerometers measured by using Davies bar technique and laser interferometry, Proc. VII Int. Cong. Exp. Mech., Las Vegas, NV, USA, 8-11 June, 1992, pp. 1666-1673.
[22] M.J. Forrestal, TC. Togami, W. E. Baker, and D. J. Frew. Performance Evaluation of Accelerometers used for penetration experiments. Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 43, 2003, No. 1.
[23] Togami, T.C., Baker, W.E., and Forrestal, M.J. A Split Hopkinson Bar Technique to Evaluate the Performance of accelerometers. ASME J. Appl. Mech, 63, 353-356 (1966).
[24] Togami, T.C., Brown, F.A., Forrestal, M.J., and Baker, W.E. Performance evaluation of Accelerometers to 200,000 G. ASME J. Appl. Mech, 65, 266-268 (1998).
[25] 李玉龙,郭伟国 ,贾德新等。高 g 值加速度传感器校准系统的研究, 爆炸与冲击[J], 1997.1
[26] 黄俊钦,顾建雄。高 g 值加速度计和压电式力传感器的动态校准. 计量学报[J],2001,Vol.22,No.4:300~304.
[27] 王金贵.气体炮原理及技术[M],北京,国防工业出版社,2001
[28] 王礼立. 应力波基础[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1985
[29] 梁志国,李新良,孙暻宇，连大鸿.激光干涉法一次冲击加速度计动态特性校准.测试技术学报,2004,NO.48.
[30] S.铁摩辛柯. 工程中的振动问题[M],北京,人民铁道出版社,1978
[31] 黄俊钦.测试系统动力学,北京,国防工业出版社,1996
[32] 李庆丰,徐鹏,范锦彪.加速度计冲击校准中激励加速度脉宽的分析.中北大学学报(自然科学版)[增],Vol,28,275-277.
[33] 杨明,杨志刚,林祖森.加速度计输出信号的信息组成.华北工学院学报,Vol.21,1.
[34] 王礼立. 应力波基础[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1985
[35] Horacio Ramiez, Carlos Rubio-Gonzalez. Finite-element simulation of wave propagation and dispersion in Hopkinson bar test, Material and Design, Vol. 27, 2006, 36-44.
[36] B.C.别里涅茨.冲击加速度测量,新时代出版社,1982.
[37] 时党勇,李裕春,张胜民.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8.1进行显示动力分析,北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[38] Yusaku Fujii. Impact response measurement of an accelerometer, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 21, (2007), 2072–2079
[39] 葛哲学,陈仲生. Matlab时频分析技术及其应用,北京,人民邮电出版社,2005.
[40] 刘波,文忠,曾涯.MATLAB信号处理,北京,电子工业出版社,2006.
[41] Richard G. Lyons. 数字信号处理,北京,机械工业出版社,2002.
[42] 飞思. Matlab7基础与提高,北京,电子工业出版社,2005
[43] 振动与冲击手册.国防工业出版社[M],北京1990,263,385~386
[44] 胡广书.数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[45] Richard G. Lyons. 数字信号处理,北京,机械工业出版社,2002.
[46] 振动与冲击手册.国防工业出版社[M],北京1990,263,73~85
[47] 振动与冲击手册.国防工业出版社[M],北京1990,263,370~371
[48] ISO 16063 - 13, Methods for the calibration of Vibration and Shock transducers2Part 13: Primary Shock calibration using laser interferometry.2001
[49] 胡广书.数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[50] 钱亚大,杨仁安. 机械滤波器及其在冲击测量中的应用,振动与冲击[J].1984年第2期,69~76.
[51] M.S. Hundal. Response of shock isolators with linear and quadeatic damping Journal of Sound and Vibration,1981,76(2):273~281