高g值加速度传感器的动态特性研究
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摘要
本文论述了国内外传感器校准技术的现状,针对高g值加速度传感器动态特性校准的问题,主要进行了以下两方面的研究:一、加速度传感器准静态校准技术研究。二、加速度传感器动态校准技术研究。开展本课题的研究旨在建立我国国防武器系统科研、生产、研制过程常用的高g值加速度传感器的校准平台,为侵彻武器系统的动态实况测试提供有效的计量手段。
本文目的是研究加速度计准静态校准和动态校准分别对激励信号脉冲宽度的要求;利用两种不同的霍普金森杆校准装置,通过改变撞击弹丸端部形状、炸药爆炸激励及改变霍普金森杆几何尺寸等方法获得脉宽符合要求的激励脉冲。在广泛检索国内外相关文献的基础上,作者采用理论分析、计算机模拟、实验室实验相结合的方法,对上述问题进行了研究:
(1)通过加速度计数学模型从理论上分析了对加速度计准静态校准和动态校准时激励脉冲宽度应分别满足的要求,并给出了脉冲宽度与加速度计谐振频率之间的关系;
(2)针对加速度计准静态校准和动态校准对激励信号脉冲宽度的不同要求,设计了两种不同的霍普金森杆校准装置,可产生的激励信号脉冲宽度从6.62微妙至210微妙,实现了对高g值加速度传感器的准静态校准和动态校准。
采用本文论述的方法,对兵器工业二O四所研制的压电型988加速度计进行了准静态灵敏度校准和频率响应动态校准实验,取得了满意的结果。说明本实验装置和所采用方法的正确性。
This paper has discussed the current sensor calibration technique around the world, the following two aspects of researches are performed about the dynamic performance of high-g accelerometer: research on quasi-static calibrations for accelerometer; research on dynamic calibrations for accelerometer. And the discussion of this topic is to establish a high-g calibration platform for scientific researches, production and development of our national defense weapons systems, which can offer effective methods for the dynamic actual situation measurement of penetrating weapons.
The aims of this thesis are to establish the criteria about the duration of input acceleration pulses in the accelerometer calibration, to generate the input pulses with required durations by designing 2 different calibration devices through changing the bullet bottom shape, explosive impulse and changing the geometric dimensions of the Hopkinson bar. Having been searched abroad the related documents, the methods such as theoretical analysis、computer simulation、laboratory test are adopted to investigate the issues in question:
(1) The criteria about the durations of the input acceleration pulse for the qusia-static and dynamic calibrations are established theoretically from the mathematic model of the accelerometer. And the relations of the duration of the pulses, the resonance frequency of the accelerometer are presented.
(2) Two kinds of Hopkinson bar devices have been applied to generate pulses with required durations for quasi-static and dynamic calibration of accelerometer. The available durations of the pulses range from 6.62μs to 210μs.
A kind of piezoelectric-type accelerometer 988 developed by 204 institute of the ministry of the weapon industry have been evaluated in the quasi-static calibration、dynamic calibration with the presented method. And the result of the calibrations entitled this calibration device and the method with validity.
本文目的是研究加速度计准静态校准和动态校准分别对激励信号脉冲宽度的要求;利用两种不同的霍普金森杆校准装置,通过改变撞击弹丸端部形状、炸药爆炸激励及改变霍普金森杆几何尺寸等方法获得脉宽符合要求的激励脉冲。在广泛检索国内外相关文献的基础上,作者采用理论分析、计算机模拟、实验室实验相结合的方法,对上述问题进行了研究:
(1)通过加速度计数学模型从理论上分析了对加速度计准静态校准和动态校准时激励脉冲宽度应分别满足的要求,并给出了脉冲宽度与加速度计谐振频率之间的关系;
(2)针对加速度计准静态校准和动态校准对激励信号脉冲宽度的不同要求,设计了两种不同的霍普金森杆校准装置,可产生的激励信号脉冲宽度从6.62微妙至210微妙,实现了对高g值加速度传感器的准静态校准和动态校准。
采用本文论述的方法,对兵器工业二O四所研制的压电型988加速度计进行了准静态灵敏度校准和频率响应动态校准实验,取得了满意的结果。说明本实验装置和所采用方法的正确性。
This paper has discussed the current sensor calibration technique around the world, the following two aspects of researches are performed about the dynamic performance of high-g accelerometer: research on quasi-static calibrations for accelerometer; research on dynamic calibrations for accelerometer. And the discussion of this topic is to establish a high-g calibration platform for scientific researches, production and development of our national defense weapons systems, which can offer effective methods for the dynamic actual situation measurement of penetrating weapons.
The aims of this thesis are to establish the criteria about the duration of input acceleration pulses in the accelerometer calibration, to generate the input pulses with required durations by designing 2 different calibration devices through changing the bullet bottom shape, explosive impulse and changing the geometric dimensions of the Hopkinson bar. Having been searched abroad the related documents, the methods such as theoretical analysis、computer simulation、laboratory test are adopted to investigate the issues in question:
(1) The criteria about the durations of the input acceleration pulse for the qusia-static and dynamic calibrations are established theoretically from the mathematic model of the accelerometer. And the relations of the duration of the pulses, the resonance frequency of the accelerometer are presented.
(2) Two kinds of Hopkinson bar devices have been applied to generate pulses with required durations for quasi-static and dynamic calibration of accelerometer. The available durations of the pulses range from 6.62μs to 210μs.
A kind of piezoelectric-type accelerometer 988 developed by 204 institute of the ministry of the weapon industry have been evaluated in the quasi-static calibration、dynamic calibration with the presented method. And the result of the calibrations entitled this calibration device and the method with validity.
引文
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[3]宋萍,李科杰.硬目标侵彻武器高冲击试验和高过载传感器技术国外发展概况[J].测控技术,Vol.21,No.2l,2002,30~32
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[8]孔德仁,李永新,朱明武.冲击波测量用压力传感器准静态校准方法[J].仪器仪表学报. Vol.23,No.3,2002
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[14] Kazunaga Ueda, Akira Umeda. Improvement of novel NRLM method for accelerometer characterization to the range 10 2ms ?2.Sensor and Actuators (A),Vol.54,2003,517~522
[15]梁志国,李新良,孙暻宇，连大鸿.激光干涉法一次冲击加速度校准.电子测量与仪器学报[J],Vol.20,No.1,2006,68~72
[16]梁志国,孙景宇.调频信号的一种数字化精确解调方法[J].测控技术,Vol.21,No.11,2002,18~21
[17]梁志国,朱济杰.用周期倍差法评价数据采集系统的传递函数[J].计量学报,Vol.20,No.3,1999,227~233
[18] Akira Umeda, Mike Onoe, Kohji Sakata. Calibration of three-axis accelerometers using a three-dimensional vibration generator and three laser interferometers. Sensor and Actuators (A),Vol.114,2004,93~101
[19] A.Umeda and K. Ueda,Study on the dynamic force/acceleration measurement,Sensor and Actuators,A21-A23,1990,285~288
[20] A.Umeda and K. Ueda,Method and apparatus for measuring dynamic response characteristics of shock accelerometer, Patent Nos. 494396(USA,1990), H3-67175 (Japan,1991), 683949 (Switzerland, 1994),766/90 (pending, Denmark, 1990)
[21] K. Ueda and A. Umeda, Investigation of accelerometers frequency response using novel NRLM method, Proc. Int. Conf. Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers 93), Yokohama, Japan, 1993,848~851
[22] K. Ueda and A. Umeda, Dynamic response of shock accelerometers measured by using Davies bar technique and laser interferometry, Proc. VII Int. Cong. Exp. Mech., Las Vegas, NV, USA, 1992,1666~1673.
[23] M.J. Forrestal, TC. Togami, W. E. Baker, and D. J. Frew. Performance Evaluation of Accelerometers used for penetration experiments. Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 43, No. 1,2003
[24] Togami, T.C., Baker, W.E., and Forrestal, M.J. A Split Hopkinson Bar Technique to Evaluate the Performance of accelerometers. ASME J.1996,353~356
[25] Togami, T.C., Brown, F.A., Forrestal, M.J., and Baker, W.E. Performance evaluation of Accelerometers to 200,000 G. ASME J. Appl.1998, 266-268
[26]黄俊钦,顾建雄。高g值加速度计和压电式力传感器的动态校准[J] .计量学报,Vol.22,No.4,2001,300~304
[27]马铁华.存储测试技术的发展与应用及特种传感技术研究.博士后研究工作报告.北京理工大学,1999,9
[28]孟立凡,郑宾,传感器原理及技术[M].兵器工业出版社.2000
[29] Patrick L.Walter, Ph.D,The handbook of dynamic force,pressure and acceleration measurement.
[30]黄俊钦.静、动态数学模型的实用建模方法,1988
[31]振动与冲击手册[M].国防工业出版社,北京1990,263,370~371
[32]梁志国,李新良,孙暻宇，连大鸿.激光干涉法一次冲击加速度计动态特性校准[J].测试技术学报,No.48,2004
[33]黄俊钦.测试系统动力学[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1996
[34]连大鸿,李新良,曹亦庆,张大治.加速度计冲击特性的绝对校准方法[J].航空计测技术.Vol.22,No.3,2002,3~8
[35]上田和永.A Study on the Characterization Accelerometers Using Davies Bar Technique,Vol.57,No.533
[36] Bateman V I.Characteristics of Piezoresistive Accelerometers in Shock Environments up to 150,000g.Proc.4lst Ann. Mtg. Inst. Envion. Sci.,Ananeim,CA,1995,217~224
[37] Umeda K.Charaterization of Shock Accelerometers Using Davies Bar and Laser Interferometer,Exptl. Vol.35,No.2,1995,216~223
[38] Bateman V I. The Use of Beryllium Hopkinson Bar to Charaterize a Piezoresistive Accelerometers Shock Environments. Proc.42nd Ann. Mth.,Inst Envion.Sci.,Orlando,1996,336~343
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[41]徐晓梅,化文生,连大鸿,李新良.差动式激光多普勒技术在冲击校准测试中的应用[J].航空计测技术.Vol.20,No.1,2000,12~13
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