高压传感器准δ动态校准系统的研究
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摘要
本文论述了国内外传感器校准技术的现状,针对高量程压力传感器高动压下动态灵敏度的测定问题,高压传感器动态特性溯源性校准的问题,提出了准δ校准的理论和技术。开展本课题的研究可以实现由国家计量院的静态量基准向动态量的传递,为国防动态测试提供准确、可靠的动态基准。
文中分析了准δ信号的特点和准δ校准的优越性,从应力波的角度详细说明了准δ信号发生器的理论,准δ信号脉宽的影响因素,Hopkinson杆参数和油腔尺寸的设计。论文中对校准系统的各个组成部分进行了详细的说明。研究过程中对Kistler6215Q02传感器进行了多次校准实验,并在实验的基础上,分析和改进了校准装置。处理了实测数据并进一步作了校准过程的仿真。利用准δ脉冲从零频至某宽度频率特性平直,将传感器在零频溯源,在应用的频段内频率特性足够平直,最终实现传感器动态特性的溯源性校准。
本课题的主要创新点有:(1)首次使用Hopkinson杆产生准δ信号作为激励来进行传感器动态校准。准δ信号脉宽越窄,激励信号频谱平直段越长,可以激起传感器的多种频率分量的响应。(2)选用一种波损小的液体(甘油),对它预加初始高压,使传感器受到高静压,然后再激励传感器进行校准。这样可以在不破坏传感器压电元件的基础上提高校准压力值。
This paper has discussed the current sensor calibration technologies around the world, and presented quasi-δcalibration theory and technique for resolving high-range transducer dynamic sensitivity test problem in high-pressure transducer dynamic characters tracing to source calibration problems. This research can realize dynamic parameters transfer from static parameter norm to dynamic parameter that is from National Measurement Center, which can supply accurate and reliable dynamic reference for national defence dynamic test.
Analyzed the trait of the quasi-δsignal and the advantages of quasi-δcalibration, it expressed detailedly the theory about the quasi-δsignal generator, the factors that would affect the impulse width of the quasi-δsignal, and the design of the Hopkinson bar parameters and the size of the oil cavity. The paper has explained every part of the calibration system.It discussed the calibration experiments of the Kistler6215Q02 sensor, analyzed and improved the calibration device based on the experiments, analyzed the experiment data and simulated the calibration process. It also calibrated the sensor which realized the tracing around the 0 Hz with the quasi-δimpulse straight character from 0 Hz to some frequency and applied it to the sensor dynamic character calibration.
The innovation here is: (1) dynamic calibrated the sensor with the quasi-δsignal generated from Hopkinson bar for the first time; The narrower the impulse width of the quasi-δsignal, the wider the straight part of the impulse signal spectrum, and it would get more kinds of frequencies response;(2) used a liquid ( glycerin) whose wave loss is little. Give it some pre-pressure, and the sensor would get high static pressure, which can increase the calibration pressure value without damage the piezoelectric components of the sensor.
文中分析了准δ信号的特点和准δ校准的优越性,从应力波的角度详细说明了准δ信号发生器的理论,准δ信号脉宽的影响因素,Hopkinson杆参数和油腔尺寸的设计。论文中对校准系统的各个组成部分进行了详细的说明。研究过程中对Kistler6215Q02传感器进行了多次校准实验,并在实验的基础上,分析和改进了校准装置。处理了实测数据并进一步作了校准过程的仿真。利用准δ脉冲从零频至某宽度频率特性平直,将传感器在零频溯源,在应用的频段内频率特性足够平直,最终实现传感器动态特性的溯源性校准。
本课题的主要创新点有:(1)首次使用Hopkinson杆产生准δ信号作为激励来进行传感器动态校准。准δ信号脉宽越窄,激励信号频谱平直段越长,可以激起传感器的多种频率分量的响应。(2)选用一种波损小的液体(甘油),对它预加初始高压,使传感器受到高静压,然后再激励传感器进行校准。这样可以在不破坏传感器压电元件的基础上提高校准压力值。
This paper has discussed the current sensor calibration technologies around the world, and presented quasi-δcalibration theory and technique for resolving high-range transducer dynamic sensitivity test problem in high-pressure transducer dynamic characters tracing to source calibration problems. This research can realize dynamic parameters transfer from static parameter norm to dynamic parameter that is from National Measurement Center, which can supply accurate and reliable dynamic reference for national defence dynamic test.
Analyzed the trait of the quasi-δsignal and the advantages of quasi-δcalibration, it expressed detailedly the theory about the quasi-δsignal generator, the factors that would affect the impulse width of the quasi-δsignal, and the design of the Hopkinson bar parameters and the size of the oil cavity. The paper has explained every part of the calibration system.It discussed the calibration experiments of the Kistler6215Q02 sensor, analyzed and improved the calibration device based on the experiments, analyzed the experiment data and simulated the calibration process. It also calibrated the sensor which realized the tracing around the 0 Hz with the quasi-δimpulse straight character from 0 Hz to some frequency and applied it to the sensor dynamic character calibration.
The innovation here is: (1) dynamic calibrated the sensor with the quasi-δsignal generated from Hopkinson bar for the first time; The narrower the impulse width of the quasi-δsignal, the wider the straight part of the impulse signal spectrum, and it would get more kinds of frequencies response;(2) used a liquid ( glycerin) whose wave loss is little. Give it some pre-pressure, and the sensor would get high static pressure, which can increase the calibration pressure value without damage the piezoelectric components of the sensor.
引文
[1] 动压传感器准δ—脉冲校准系统技术总结报告.太原机械学院.1989
[2] 杨吉祥.CGY- 450 高压传感器校准装置研制与应用.计量与测试技术,2005,Vol.32,No.3
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[4] 孟立凡,郑宾,传感器原理及技术.兵器工业出版社.2000.
[5] 中国计量测试学会,动态计量检测技术,2000年的中国研究资料,第25集
[6] 朱明武,梁人杰,柳光辽,王宗支编著.动压测量.国防工业出版社.1985.
[7] 朱明武,李永新.高压动态标定技术的进展.现代计量测试.1996(1):37-41.
[8] J.P.Damion,Means of Dynamic Calibration for Pressure Transducers,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[9]Troy J.Estes,The Search for a Transient Pressure Standard,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[10]Ronald B.Tussing , Tourmaline Gauge for Navy’s Underwater Explosion Shock Measurements,,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[11]Marek L.Winiarz,Dynamic High Pressure Measurement Issues and Instrumentation,,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[12]John M.Ball,Army Dynamic Pressure Measurement,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[13]Josef Winkler.利用先进的标定手段改进压电压力传感器的测试精度(译文),AVL LIST GmbH Graz,Austria,1991.
[14]Helmut Grumann.内弹道测量的弹载装置(译文). AVL LIST GmbH Graz,Austria,1991.
[15]R.Grasberger.压电压力传感器的静态和动态标定(译文). AVL LIST GmbH Graz,Austria,1991.
[16] 黄俊钦,测试系统动力学,国防工业出版社,1996.
[17] 张晋业.新概念动态测试若干问题研究.华北工学院硕士论文 2006.3
[18] 动态压力校准技术的发展.中国航空第一集团公司第三○四研究所
[19] 肖峰,高德番,方向君.高压传感器动态校准的理论分析与实践.测试技术学报,1994,08(2):69～75
[20]黄俊钦.压力传感器动态校准[J].航空测试技术,1982,(2).
[21]黄俊钦.压力传感器动态数学模型研究[J].计量学报,1987,(3).
[22]何闻.标准动态力发生装置国内外研究现状.机电工程,1999(2)
[23]《振动与冲击手册》编辑委员会.振动与冲击手册,第l卷.北京:国防工业出版社,1992
[24]中国计量科学研究院力学处,解放军八九零零二部队,解放军八九零零四部队.落锤式100吨冲击力校准幕装置系统.1983
[25]朱明武. 高压动态标定用的水激波管. 气动实验与测量控制.1993 Vo1.7 No.3
[26]刘桦林.正确理解GB/T19022.1标准中的有关术语.铁道技术监督.1999.9
[27]陈成仁.电子计量测试的发展动向和趋势.电子标准化与质量.2001.5
[28]1000MPa 活塞式压力计说明书
[29]王礼立.应力波基础,国防工业出版社,2005.8
[30]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.2001
[31]陈伟力,郝晓剑.表面温度传感器可溯源动态校准系统光学设计.传感器世界.2006.2
[32]朱志华,王丽红,赵岩峰.测控系统中压力传感器抗电磁干扰措施探讨.控制与制导.2004
[33]孔德仁,李永新,朱明武.冲击波测量用压力传感器准静态校准方法.仪器仪表学报. 2002.6.第23 卷第3 期增刊
[34]崔海涛,刘庆明.冲击波压力传感器测试系统的动态标定.流体力学实验与测量.2004.3.Vol.18,No.1
[35]张力等.用于高压动态校准的快开阀装置.航空计测技术.1996年第16卷
[36]徐鹏.高g值冲击测试及弹载存储测试装置本征特性研究.中北大学博士论文.2006.4
[37]《振动与冲击手册》编辑委员会.振动与冲击手册,第2卷.北京:国防工业出版社,1990
[38]Patrick L.Walter, Ph.D,The handbook of dynamic force,pressure and acceleration measurement.
[39]黄俊钦,静、动态数学模型的实用建模方法,1988
[40]夏德岑.自动控制理论.北京:机械工业出版社,1995.75
[41]朱明武,李永新.动态测量原理.北京:北京理工大学出版社.1993
[42]苏金明,阮沈勇.MATLAB6.1 实用指南.电子工业出版社.2002
[43]姚俊,马松辉.Simulink 建模与仿真.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.8
[2] 杨吉祥.CGY- 450 高压传感器校准装置研制与应用.计量与测试技术,2005,Vol.32,No.3
[3] 潘德恒,路宏年,王曙光.高压传感器的准δ冲激动态校准.兵工学报,1991,02(1):72～77
[4] 孟立凡,郑宾,传感器原理及技术.兵器工业出版社.2000.
[5] 中国计量测试学会,动态计量检测技术,2000年的中国研究资料,第25集
[6] 朱明武,梁人杰,柳光辽,王宗支编著.动压测量.国防工业出版社.1985.
[7] 朱明武,李永新.高压动态标定技术的进展.现代计量测试.1996(1):37-41.
[8] J.P.Damion,Means of Dynamic Calibration for Pressure Transducers,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[9]Troy J.Estes,The Search for a Transient Pressure Standard,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[10]Ronald B.Tussing , Tourmaline Gauge for Navy’s Underwater Explosion Shock Measurements,,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[11]Marek L.Winiarz,Dynamic High Pressure Measurement Issues and Instrumentation,,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[12]John M.Ball,Army Dynamic Pressure Measurement,Workshop on the Measurement of Transient Pressure and Temperature,Gaithersburg,Mariland,22-23 April 1991.
[13]Josef Winkler.利用先进的标定手段改进压电压力传感器的测试精度(译文),AVL LIST GmbH Graz,Austria,1991.
[14]Helmut Grumann.内弹道测量的弹载装置(译文). AVL LIST GmbH Graz,Austria,1991.
[15]R.Grasberger.压电压力传感器的静态和动态标定(译文). AVL LIST GmbH Graz,Austria,1991.
[16] 黄俊钦,测试系统动力学,国防工业出版社,1996.
[17] 张晋业.新概念动态测试若干问题研究.华北工学院硕士论文 2006.3
[18] 动态压力校准技术的发展.中国航空第一集团公司第三○四研究所
[19] 肖峰,高德番,方向君.高压传感器动态校准的理论分析与实践.测试技术学报,1994,08(2):69～75
[20]黄俊钦.压力传感器动态校准[J].航空测试技术,1982,(2).
[21]黄俊钦.压力传感器动态数学模型研究[J].计量学报,1987,(3).
[22]何闻.标准动态力发生装置国内外研究现状.机电工程,1999(2)
[23]《振动与冲击手册》编辑委员会.振动与冲击手册,第l卷.北京:国防工业出版社,1992
[24]中国计量科学研究院力学处,解放军八九零零二部队,解放军八九零零四部队.落锤式100吨冲击力校准幕装置系统.1983
[25]朱明武. 高压动态标定用的水激波管. 气动实验与测量控制.1993 Vo1.7 No.3
[26]刘桦林.正确理解GB/T19022.1标准中的有关术语.铁道技术监督.1999.9
[27]陈成仁.电子计量测试的发展动向和趋势.电子标准化与质量.2001.5
[28]1000MPa 活塞式压力计说明书
[29]王礼立.应力波基础,国防工业出版社,2005.8
[30]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.2001
[31]陈伟力,郝晓剑.表面温度传感器可溯源动态校准系统光学设计.传感器世界.2006.2
[32]朱志华,王丽红,赵岩峰.测控系统中压力传感器抗电磁干扰措施探讨.控制与制导.2004
[33]孔德仁,李永新,朱明武.冲击波测量用压力传感器准静态校准方法.仪器仪表学报. 2002.6.第23 卷第3 期增刊
[34]崔海涛,刘庆明.冲击波压力传感器测试系统的动态标定.流体力学实验与测量.2004.3.Vol.18,No.1
[35]张力等.用于高压动态校准的快开阀装置.航空计测技术.1996年第16卷
[36]徐鹏.高g值冲击测试及弹载存储测试装置本征特性研究.中北大学博士论文.2006.4
[37]《振动与冲击手册》编辑委员会.振动与冲击手册,第2卷.北京:国防工业出版社,1990
[38]Patrick L.Walter, Ph.D,The handbook of dynamic force,pressure and acceleration measurement.
[39]黄俊钦,静、动态数学模型的实用建模方法,1988
[40]夏德岑.自动控制理论.北京:机械工业出版社,1995.75
[41]朱明武,李永新.动态测量原理.北京:北京理工大学出版社.1993
[42]苏金明,阮沈勇.MATLAB6.1 实用指南.电子工业出版社.2002
[43]姚俊,马松辉.Simulink 建模与仿真.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.8