动力定位控制系统故障模式与影响分析
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摘要
随着动力定位船舶深海采矿、铺缆、铺管、钻井等作业的不断发展,动力定位技术得到了越来越广泛的应用。由于受到各种因素的影响,动力定位船舶的深海作业具有较大的危险性,因此,动力定位系统的安全作业的能力受到了人们越来越广泛的关注。国际海事组织(IMO)规定：任何二级和二级以上动力定位船舶均要进行故障模式与影响分析(FMEA)。通过FMEA,分析动力定位控制系统及其组成部分所有可能的故障对系统的影响,可以对动力定位控制系统和设备进行改进、维护和完善,以提高其可靠性,延长设备的使用寿命,同时提高了动力定位船舶安全水平。因此动力定位控制系统故障模式与影响分析是有意义的,具有非常重要的实用价值。
本文通过对FMEA理论的分析和研究,提出了一种量化FMEA风险等级数评定方法,以Arrow号近海支援船DP2动力定位控制系统和哈尔滨工程大学自主研制的海洋救助船DP1动力定位控制系统为研究对象,对该系统的各个组成部分及其模块进行了故障模式与影响分析,列出了其可能发生的故障模式,确定了故障等级并提出了建议措施,其分析结果证明FMEA方法是有效的。在FMEA的基础上,按照所得的结论和数据,运用故障树分析法对以上两个动力定位控制系统自动建立了完整的故障树,利用最小割集法对故障树进行了定性分析,通过定量计算顶事件发生的概率和各个底事件的关键重要度,可以进行故障诊断和指导维修。
通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价法的理论分析,以及综合考虑各种因素的影响,分别构建以上两个动力定位控制系统的综合评价模型,通过大量的数据分析,由对各个子系统运行状态的评判模型构建了整个动力定位控制系统的运行状态评判模型,从而能更好的预防故障的发生。
本文以JSP编程语言和Oracle数据库联合开发了动力定位控制系统FMEA状态评价软件。该软件集成了动力定位控制系统的FMEA分析过程、故障树分析过程以及系统运行状态评价程序,最后以报表的形式输出分析结果。
With the continuous development of the dynamic postioning vessel applied in various fields, for example, deep-sea mining, cabling, piping, drilling and so on, dynamic positioning technology has been used more and more widely. Subject to various factors,.dynamic positioning vessels which working in deep-sea with high risks, so its capabilities of the security operation has been growing more and more attention.International Maritime Organization (IMO) provides that:Any class2 and more than class2 dynamic positioning vessel have to be failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Through FMEA, people can analysis all the possible failures of the dynamic positioning control system which can evaluate the operation of the ship,crew and the safety degree of environment impact,it also may impact on the system and the components.The system and equipments can be improved its reliability, extended the life of equipment, while enhance the level of security of the dynamic positioning vessel.
In this paper, an improved method is presented for the FMEA research after carry out the analysis and study of the FMEA theory. This thesis take the Arrow vessel DP2 dynamic positioning control system and the marine salvage vessel DPI dynamic positioning control system developed by the Harbin Engineering University as the research object, analysis all the possible failure modes and effects of the system various components and its modules, list the possible failure modes, determine the level of fault and make proposed measures. The results demonstrate that the FMEA method for DP1 vessel as effective as for the DP2 vessel. On the basis of the conclusions and date produced by FMEA, fault tree analysis is used in the these two dynamic positioning control system which can automatically create a complete fault tree and do the qualitative analysis of the fault tree though its minimum cut set. By the calculation of the probability of the top event of the fault tree and the critical importance of the bottom event, we can diagnose the fault of the equipments and guide the maintenance activities.
This thesis introduce the methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation.Comprehensive considerate all kinds of factors, this paper construct these two dynamic positioning control system model of fuzzy comprehesive evaluation and make the evaluation of state running of the dynamic positioning control system of each subsystems by empirical date analysis, in order to prevent failure better.
This software integrates several modules such as program of FMEA analysis, fault tree analysis and system operation evaluation procedures, shows analysis results as result forms.
本文通过对FMEA理论的分析和研究,提出了一种量化FMEA风险等级数评定方法,以Arrow号近海支援船DP2动力定位控制系统和哈尔滨工程大学自主研制的海洋救助船DP1动力定位控制系统为研究对象,对该系统的各个组成部分及其模块进行了故障模式与影响分析,列出了其可能发生的故障模式,确定了故障等级并提出了建议措施,其分析结果证明FMEA方法是有效的。在FMEA的基础上,按照所得的结论和数据,运用故障树分析法对以上两个动力定位控制系统自动建立了完整的故障树,利用最小割集法对故障树进行了定性分析,通过定量计算顶事件发生的概率和各个底事件的关键重要度,可以进行故障诊断和指导维修。
通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价法的理论分析,以及综合考虑各种因素的影响,分别构建以上两个动力定位控制系统的综合评价模型,通过大量的数据分析,由对各个子系统运行状态的评判模型构建了整个动力定位控制系统的运行状态评判模型,从而能更好的预防故障的发生。
本文以JSP编程语言和Oracle数据库联合开发了动力定位控制系统FMEA状态评价软件。该软件集成了动力定位控制系统的FMEA分析过程、故障树分析过程以及系统运行状态评价程序,最后以报表的形式输出分析结果。
With the continuous development of the dynamic postioning vessel applied in various fields, for example, deep-sea mining, cabling, piping, drilling and so on, dynamic positioning technology has been used more and more widely. Subject to various factors,.dynamic positioning vessels which working in deep-sea with high risks, so its capabilities of the security operation has been growing more and more attention.International Maritime Organization (IMO) provides that:Any class2 and more than class2 dynamic positioning vessel have to be failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Through FMEA, people can analysis all the possible failures of the dynamic positioning control system which can evaluate the operation of the ship,crew and the safety degree of environment impact,it also may impact on the system and the components.The system and equipments can be improved its reliability, extended the life of equipment, while enhance the level of security of the dynamic positioning vessel.
In this paper, an improved method is presented for the FMEA research after carry out the analysis and study of the FMEA theory. This thesis take the Arrow vessel DP2 dynamic positioning control system and the marine salvage vessel DPI dynamic positioning control system developed by the Harbin Engineering University as the research object, analysis all the possible failure modes and effects of the system various components and its modules, list the possible failure modes, determine the level of fault and make proposed measures. The results demonstrate that the FMEA method for DP1 vessel as effective as for the DP2 vessel. On the basis of the conclusions and date produced by FMEA, fault tree analysis is used in the these two dynamic positioning control system which can automatically create a complete fault tree and do the qualitative analysis of the fault tree though its minimum cut set. By the calculation of the probability of the top event of the fault tree and the critical importance of the bottom event, we can diagnose the fault of the equipments and guide the maintenance activities.
This thesis introduce the methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation.Comprehensive considerate all kinds of factors, this paper construct these two dynamic positioning control system model of fuzzy comprehesive evaluation and make the evaluation of state running of the dynamic positioning control system of each subsystems by empirical date analysis, in order to prevent failure better.
This software integrates several modules such as program of FMEA analysis, fault tree analysis and system operation evaluation procedures, shows analysis results as result forms.
引文
[1]M.J.摩根.近海船舶的动力定位[M].国防工业出版,1984：1-10页,74-75页
[2]赵俊豪.基于模糊FMEA的实习船主机燃油系统的安全评估[D].大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2007：2-3页
[3]周海京,遇今.故障模式、影响及危害性分析与故障树分析[M].航空工业出版社,2003：2-9页,96-101页
[4]D.H.Stamatis著.陈晓彤,姚绍华译.故障模式与影响分析FMEA从理论到实践[M].国防工业出版社,2005：105-110页
[5]刘混举.机械可靠性设计[M].国防工业出版社.2009：99-106,109-118页
[6]P.Fougere,Transocean,A.A.Pallaoro, Petrobras.Upgrade of DP Failure Mode Effects Analysis[A].Offshore Technology Conference[C]. Houston, Texas, U.S.A,1-4 May 2006
[7]Spouge.John.Review of methods for demonstrating redundancy in dynamic positioning systems for the offshore industry[A].IMCA deepwater marine operations and safety conference[C].Houston,November 5-6 2004
[8]Haibo Chen,Torgeir Moan,Harry Verhoeven.Safety of dynamic positioning operations on mobile offshore drilling units.Reliability Engineering and System Safty, July 2008,1072-1090P
[9]唐广荣.基于模糊FMEA的FPSO的原油洗舱惰性气体控制系统安全评估[D].大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2009
[10]王子刚.电站设备维修决策及优化模型研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[11]王清.基于FMEA和FTA的故障诊断技术及其在DEH系统中的应用[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2004
[12]罗端.基于RCM的核动力设备的维修优化决策系统的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2009
[13]陈刚.减速机械的可靠性维修及其维修决策研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[14]王丹丹.救助船相对受援船动力定位方法研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2010：31-32页
[15]李殿璞.船舶运动与建模[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1999
[16]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].科学出版社,2004
[17]金鸿章,姚绪梁.船舶控制原理[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001：18-71 贝
[18]金以慧,方崇智.过程控制[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002：36-48页
[19]Pinkster.J.A and Nienhuis.U.. Dynamic positioning of large tankers at sea. Proceedings of the offshore technology conference. Houston, TX.1996
[20]何黎明.船舶动力定位系统的控制方法研究.上海交通大学博士论文,2004,6
[21]Girard A.R., Sousa, J.B.,Hedrick, J.K. Dynamic positioning concepts and strategies for the mobile offshore base[C]. Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on intelligent transportation systems, Oakl-and, IEEE.2001:1095-1101P
[22]Hatto.H.L,Dozer.J.R SHLa. A Dynamic Stationing System for Floating Vessel [R].Shell Oil Report.1962,09
[23]王少萍.工程可靠性[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[24]Childs.J.A,Mosleh.A.A modified FMEA tool for use in identifying and addressing common cause failure risks in industry [A],Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. Jan,Annual 18-21 1999:19-24P
[25]Hossam A G, Computer-aided RCM-based plant maintenance management system.Robotics and Computer Aided Manufacturing,2003(19):449-459页
[26]William M Goble著.白焰,董玲,杨国田译.控制系统的安全性与可靠性[M].中国电力出版社,2008：84-88页,96-108页
[27]黄文虎,夏松波,刘瑞岩.设备故障诊断原理、技术及应用[M].科学出版社,1996：186-190页
[28]宋保维.系统可靠性设计与分析.西北工业大学出版社[M].2008.12：112-133页
[29]W.E.维齐利著.疏松桂,唐信青译.故障树手册[M].原子能出版社,1985
[30]费胜巍,孙宇.基于结构FMEA的故障树自动构建方法研究[J].润滑与密封,2006,12(12)：196-203页
[31]崔文彬,吴桂涛,孙培延等.基于FMEA和模糊综合评判的船舶安全评估[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报.2007年3月.28(3)：263-276页
[32]李柏年.模糊数学及其应用[M].合肥工业大学出版社,2007.11：77-84,130-134页
[33]Parsons, M.G, Chubb,A.C,Yusong Cao,Stefanopoulou, A.G. An Initial Assessment of Fuzzy Logic Vessel Path Control[C]. Autonous Underwater Vehicle Thchnology Proceeding of the 1994 Symposium.1994.07:225-232P
[34]郭富源.故障树理论在远程诊断系统中的应用研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[35]张凯.变电构架可靠性模糊综合评判研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文,2003
[36]黄飞.船舶轮机人机一体化管理模式的研究[D].：大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2005
[37]顾煜炯,董玉亮,杨昆.基于模糊评判和RCM分析的发电设备状态综合评价[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6)：189-194页
[38]竹建福,许乐平.FMEA在船舶系统风险评估中的应用[J].世界海运.2006年4月.29(2)：22-24页
[39]吴祈宗.运筹学与最优化方法.机械工业出版社[M],2003：215-227页
[40]赵桂琴,樊建春,李传华.基于模糊综合评定的RCM维修决策模型.石油化工设备[J],2006,35(5)：65-68页
[41]杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价法[M].清华大学出版社,2005
[42]温岚.用模糊综合评判法和层次分析法解决星船故障的评价问题[J].航天器环境工程.2005,22(3)
[43]李季等.激光测距仪数据通讯处理技术的研究[J].量子电子学报.2005.10：758-763页
[44]庞永杰,倪绍毓.船舶在复杂海况下的实时运动仿真[J].船舶工程,1998：12-15页
[45]邱加永、卞志城著.JSP基础与案例开发详解[M].清华大学出版社,2009
[46]Michael.McLaughlin著.张云,王海涛译Oracle Datebase 11g PL/SQL程序设计[M].清华大学出版社,2009
[47]刘世欣.基于故障树的变电设备故障诊断专家系统.华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2006
[2]赵俊豪.基于模糊FMEA的实习船主机燃油系统的安全评估[D].大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2007：2-3页
[3]周海京,遇今.故障模式、影响及危害性分析与故障树分析[M].航空工业出版社,2003：2-9页,96-101页
[4]D.H.Stamatis著.陈晓彤,姚绍华译.故障模式与影响分析FMEA从理论到实践[M].国防工业出版社,2005：105-110页
[5]刘混举.机械可靠性设计[M].国防工业出版社.2009：99-106,109-118页
[6]P.Fougere,Transocean,A.A.Pallaoro, Petrobras.Upgrade of DP Failure Mode Effects Analysis[A].Offshore Technology Conference[C]. Houston, Texas, U.S.A,1-4 May 2006
[7]Spouge.John.Review of methods for demonstrating redundancy in dynamic positioning systems for the offshore industry[A].IMCA deepwater marine operations and safety conference[C].Houston,November 5-6 2004
[8]Haibo Chen,Torgeir Moan,Harry Verhoeven.Safety of dynamic positioning operations on mobile offshore drilling units.Reliability Engineering and System Safty, July 2008,1072-1090P
[9]唐广荣.基于模糊FMEA的FPSO的原油洗舱惰性气体控制系统安全评估[D].大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2009
[10]王子刚.电站设备维修决策及优化模型研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[11]王清.基于FMEA和FTA的故障诊断技术及其在DEH系统中的应用[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2004
[12]罗端.基于RCM的核动力设备的维修优化决策系统的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2009
[13]陈刚.减速机械的可靠性维修及其维修决策研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[14]王丹丹.救助船相对受援船动力定位方法研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2010：31-32页
[15]李殿璞.船舶运动与建模[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1999
[16]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].科学出版社,2004
[17]金鸿章,姚绪梁.船舶控制原理[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001：18-71 贝
[18]金以慧,方崇智.过程控制[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002：36-48页
[19]Pinkster.J.A and Nienhuis.U.. Dynamic positioning of large tankers at sea. Proceedings of the offshore technology conference. Houston, TX.1996
[20]何黎明.船舶动力定位系统的控制方法研究.上海交通大学博士论文,2004,6
[21]Girard A.R., Sousa, J.B.,Hedrick, J.K. Dynamic positioning concepts and strategies for the mobile offshore base[C]. Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on intelligent transportation systems, Oakl-and, IEEE.2001:1095-1101P
[22]Hatto.H.L,Dozer.J.R SHLa. A Dynamic Stationing System for Floating Vessel [R].Shell Oil Report.1962,09
[23]王少萍.工程可靠性[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[24]Childs.J.A,Mosleh.A.A modified FMEA tool for use in identifying and addressing common cause failure risks in industry [A],Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. Jan,Annual 18-21 1999:19-24P
[25]Hossam A G, Computer-aided RCM-based plant maintenance management system.Robotics and Computer Aided Manufacturing,2003(19):449-459页
[26]William M Goble著.白焰,董玲,杨国田译.控制系统的安全性与可靠性[M].中国电力出版社,2008：84-88页,96-108页
[27]黄文虎,夏松波,刘瑞岩.设备故障诊断原理、技术及应用[M].科学出版社,1996：186-190页
[28]宋保维.系统可靠性设计与分析.西北工业大学出版社[M].2008.12：112-133页
[29]W.E.维齐利著.疏松桂,唐信青译.故障树手册[M].原子能出版社,1985
[30]费胜巍,孙宇.基于结构FMEA的故障树自动构建方法研究[J].润滑与密封,2006,12(12)：196-203页
[31]崔文彬,吴桂涛,孙培延等.基于FMEA和模糊综合评判的船舶安全评估[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报.2007年3月.28(3)：263-276页
[32]李柏年.模糊数学及其应用[M].合肥工业大学出版社,2007.11：77-84,130-134页
[33]Parsons, M.G, Chubb,A.C,Yusong Cao,Stefanopoulou, A.G. An Initial Assessment of Fuzzy Logic Vessel Path Control[C]. Autonous Underwater Vehicle Thchnology Proceeding of the 1994 Symposium.1994.07:225-232P
[34]郭富源.故障树理论在远程诊断系统中的应用研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[35]张凯.变电构架可靠性模糊综合评判研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文,2003
[36]黄飞.船舶轮机人机一体化管理模式的研究[D].：大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2005
[37]顾煜炯,董玉亮,杨昆.基于模糊评判和RCM分析的发电设备状态综合评价[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6)：189-194页
[38]竹建福,许乐平.FMEA在船舶系统风险评估中的应用[J].世界海运.2006年4月.29(2)：22-24页
[39]吴祈宗.运筹学与最优化方法.机械工业出版社[M],2003：215-227页
[40]赵桂琴,樊建春,李传华.基于模糊综合评定的RCM维修决策模型.石油化工设备[J],2006,35(5)：65-68页
[41]杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价法[M].清华大学出版社,2005
[42]温岚.用模糊综合评判法和层次分析法解决星船故障的评价问题[J].航天器环境工程.2005,22(3)
[43]李季等.激光测距仪数据通讯处理技术的研究[J].量子电子学报.2005.10：758-763页
[44]庞永杰,倪绍毓.船舶在复杂海况下的实时运动仿真[J].船舶工程,1998：12-15页
[45]邱加永、卞志城著.JSP基础与案例开发详解[M].清华大学出版社,2009
[46]Michael.McLaughlin著.张云,王海涛译Oracle Datebase 11g PL/SQL程序设计[M].清华大学出版社,2009
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