以可靠性为中心的维修研究及其在铁路信号设备中的应用
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摘要
随着铁路运输的发展,铁路信号设备的维修体制逐渐由以计划维修模式为主转变为以状态维修模式为主。以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)不仅可根据设备的故障模式确定针对性的维修策略,而且充分考虑了设备的性能、维修策略和维修经济性之间的关系。
但是在传统RCM分析中缺少定量化的工具,因而降低了维修分析的效率和精确性。本文着重研究了RCM分析过程中的设备重要度分析、维修方式决策和模型优化等关键技术,实现了铁路信号设备维修决策过程的定量化。
本文首先分析影响铁路信号设备重要度的关键因素,采取基于蒙特卡罗模拟的设备重要度分析方法,解决了现有设备重要度分析受主观因素影响过多的问题。针对复杂设备采用故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)与灰色理论相结合的定量故障风险分析模型,提高了分析的精度。
然后结合铁路信号设备特点,改良的维修方式逻辑决断图将以设备为研究对象和以故障模式为研究对象相结合,对维修方式的分类及逻辑判断进行了简化。并提出将层次分析法应用到维修方式决策中,将定性问题转向定量分析,实现了实用有效的多准则决策。接着按照维修工作的类型及决策的目的,划分并总结了维修优化模型,并且给出了部分模型的求解方法。
最后本文进行了总结,提出了基于RCM的维修决策系统应该进一步完善的工作内容,并对其在铁路信号设备中的应用做了展望。
With the rapid development of railway transportation, the schedule maintenance mode of railway signal equipment is turning into advanced condition based maintenance mode. In reliability centered maintenance, maintenance strategies are made by analyzing the failure mode and considering the relationship among performance, maintenance strategy and economy.
In traditional RCM, the accuracy and efficiency of maintenance analysis are reduced for being short of quantificational tools. So in this paper, the quantification of the maintenance decision is realized by studying some key technologies of equipment importance analysis, maintenance manner decision-making and maintenance cycle model.
Firstly, the pivotal factors which affect the importance of railway signal equipment are analyzed, and an importance analyzing method based on Monte Carlo simulation is provided to solve the problem that the traditional method influenced by too many subjective factors. For complex equipment, based on failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and grey theory, a quantificational failure criticality analysis model is applied. The precision of criticality analysis is improved.
Secondly, modified logic decision diagram of maintenance mode based on equipment and failure mode simplifies the classification of maintenance mode and logic decision. Then this paper uses analytical hierarchy process as the quantificational method of the selection of maintenance mode. Then according to classification of maintenance mode and the purpose of maintenance decision, maintenance cycle models are summarized. Solution algorithm for some models is given.
At last, a summary is given. The future work which should be done with the idea of the maintenance decision system based on RCM is proposed, and the prospect of applying the technology of maintenance decision in the field of railway signal system is described.
但是在传统RCM分析中缺少定量化的工具,因而降低了维修分析的效率和精确性。本文着重研究了RCM分析过程中的设备重要度分析、维修方式决策和模型优化等关键技术,实现了铁路信号设备维修决策过程的定量化。
本文首先分析影响铁路信号设备重要度的关键因素,采取基于蒙特卡罗模拟的设备重要度分析方法,解决了现有设备重要度分析受主观因素影响过多的问题。针对复杂设备采用故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)与灰色理论相结合的定量故障风险分析模型,提高了分析的精度。
然后结合铁路信号设备特点,改良的维修方式逻辑决断图将以设备为研究对象和以故障模式为研究对象相结合,对维修方式的分类及逻辑判断进行了简化。并提出将层次分析法应用到维修方式决策中,将定性问题转向定量分析,实现了实用有效的多准则决策。接着按照维修工作的类型及决策的目的,划分并总结了维修优化模型,并且给出了部分模型的求解方法。
最后本文进行了总结,提出了基于RCM的维修决策系统应该进一步完善的工作内容,并对其在铁路信号设备中的应用做了展望。
With the rapid development of railway transportation, the schedule maintenance mode of railway signal equipment is turning into advanced condition based maintenance mode. In reliability centered maintenance, maintenance strategies are made by analyzing the failure mode and considering the relationship among performance, maintenance strategy and economy.
In traditional RCM, the accuracy and efficiency of maintenance analysis are reduced for being short of quantificational tools. So in this paper, the quantification of the maintenance decision is realized by studying some key technologies of equipment importance analysis, maintenance manner decision-making and maintenance cycle model.
Firstly, the pivotal factors which affect the importance of railway signal equipment are analyzed, and an importance analyzing method based on Monte Carlo simulation is provided to solve the problem that the traditional method influenced by too many subjective factors. For complex equipment, based on failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and grey theory, a quantificational failure criticality analysis model is applied. The precision of criticality analysis is improved.
Secondly, modified logic decision diagram of maintenance mode based on equipment and failure mode simplifies the classification of maintenance mode and logic decision. Then this paper uses analytical hierarchy process as the quantificational method of the selection of maintenance mode. Then according to classification of maintenance mode and the purpose of maintenance decision, maintenance cycle models are summarized. Solution algorithm for some models is given.
At last, a summary is given. The future work which should be done with the idea of the maintenance decision system based on RCM is proposed, and the prospect of applying the technology of maintenance decision in the field of railway signal system is described.
引文
[1]尤毓国.设备维修管理工程学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989
[2]Anon.Maintenance management[J].Foundry Management and Technology,2003,131(1):67-71
[3]沈建军.工程机械维修级别决策体系的研究.长安大学硕士论文.2004:8-11
[4]李晓明,景建国,陈世均.以可靠性为中心的维修在大亚湾核电站的应用及其推广[J].核科学与工程,2001,21(S1):19-23
[5]吴国兴.以可靠性为中心的维修在地铁信号系统中的应用[J].城市轨道交通研究.2007,9:41-44
[6]彭建军.推行电务设备“点检”维修方式改革的探讨[J].铁道通信信号.2007,43(2):26-27
[7]傅文龙.加快电务维修改革步伐,适应大电务段管理模式.铁道通信信号.2005,41(1):1-6
[8]GJB1379-92:装备预防性维修大纲的制定要求与方法[S].北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1 992
[9]V.S.Deshpande.Application of RCM for safety considerations in a steel plant[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safty,2002(78):325-326
[10]J.莫布雷.可靠性为中心的维修[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[11]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)发展动态[J].军械工程学院学报,2002,14(3):29-31
[12]Zhonghua Cheng,A framework for intelligent reliability centered maintenance analysis[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safty,2008(93):784-787
[13]GJB1391-92:故障模式、影响及危害性分析程序[S].北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1992
[14]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修决策模型[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[15]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修[J].工程机械与维修,2002(11):116-117
[16]姚晨榕.基于状态的民航发动机维修管理研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文.2006:8-11
[17]陆贵友.基于Petri网的CNC系统可靠性指标模糊评估模型.吉林大学硕士论文.2002:45-47
[18]曹亮.微机联锁系统可靠性研究.西南交通大学硕士论文.2007
[19]郭建英.产品或系统的寿命分布类型统计推断问题[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,1986,4:25-26
[20]李鹏.基于RCM理论的船艇装备保障方法研究及管理信息系统开发.上海交通大学硕士论文.2007
[21]董玉亮,顾煜炯,杨昆.基于蒙特卡洛模拟的发电厂设备重要度分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(8):201-205
[22]严云升.铁道机车车辆电子产品的RAMS[J].机车电传动,2003(6):1-4
[23]Maurizio Bevilacqua,Marcello Braglia,Roberto Gabbriell.Monte Carlo simulation approach for a modified FMECA in a power plant[J].Quality and Reliability Engineering International,2000,16(4):313-324
[24]Triantaphyllou E,Kovalerchuk B,Mann L,et al.Determining the most important criteria in maintenance decision making[J].Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,1997,3(1):16-24
[25]De Almeida AT,Bohoris GA.Decision theory in maintenance decision making[J].Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,1995,1(1),39-45
[26]吉庆丰.蒙特卡罗方法及其在水力学中的应用[M].南京:东南大学出出版社,2004(1):1 9-22
[27]金星.系统可靠性评定方法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005,9-25
[28]常孟光,岳春华,范伏安.车站计算机联锁操作及维护(TYJL系列)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:1-6
[29]赵志熙.计算机联锁系统技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999:92-102
[30]高崎.炮兵武器系统维修保障及其决策方法研究南京理工大学博士论文.2006
[31]李家庆,陈辛怡.信号联锁故障分析与处理[M].北京:中国铁道出 版社,2006:3 5-50
[32]Ben-Daya M,Raouf A.A revised failure mode and effects analysis model[J].International Journal of Quality Reliability Management.1993,3(1):43-47
[33]Chang CL,Wei CC,Lee YH.Failure mode and effects analysis using fuzzy method and grey method[J].Kybernetes.1999,28(9):1072-1080
[34]Anand Pillay,Jin Wang.Modified failure mode and effects analysis using approximate reasoning[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety:2003,79(1):69-85
[35]何卫东.转辙机可靠性的逻辑诊断与故障树分析[J].铁道学报,1996,18(5):37-41
[36]何卫东.ZD6型电动转辙机系统的失效分析[J].大连铁道学院学报,1996,17(4):7-13
[37]Chen CB,Klien CM.A simple approach to ranking a group of aggregated fuzzy utilities[J].IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet,Part BL..Cybernet,1997,27(1):26-35
[38]李晓明.基于RCM的核电站维修优化研究及应用.华中科技大学博士论文.2005
[39]夏良华.设备维修策略的合理选择与决策流程[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2006(4):63-66
[40]戈猛.维护管理中维护方式选择与维护能力评估研究.天津大学博士论文.2006
[41]姜志刚.设备维修管理与决策支持系统的研究与开发.南京航空航天大学硕士论文.2003:21-27
[42]陈刚.减速机械的可靠性维修及其维修决策研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文.2007:41-47
[43]李鹏宇.基于AHP的模糊综合评判在设备维修质量管理中的应用研究.兰州理工大学硕士论文.2008
[44]T L Saaty.The Analytic Hierarchy Process[M].New York..McGraw-Hill,1980:1-18
[45]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修及其模型支持[J].军械工程学院学报,2004,16(1):15-18
[46]温亮.RCM决策模型及其计算原型系统[C].第一届维修工程国际学术会议论文集,2006:135-142
[47]马晓芳.发电设备预防性检修策略比较研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,18(23),2789-2792
[48]Aven,Dekker R.A useful framework for optimal replacement models[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,1997,58(1):61-67
[49]朱闰炎.核岛内外设备的维修策略及最佳维修周期模型[J].华东工业大学学报,1997,19(3),90-97
[50]欧阳武.以可靠性为中心的发电厂检修及其管理系统研究.贵州大学硕士论文.2006:39-45
[5 1]游联欢.基于SRCM的发电设备维修决策及优化模型研究.华北电力大学硕士论文.2006:48-52
[52]童晟.基于RCM理论的工业设备维修策略和维修管理系统研究.浙江大学硕士论文.2007:58-62
[2]Anon.Maintenance management[J].Foundry Management and Technology,2003,131(1):67-71
[3]沈建军.工程机械维修级别决策体系的研究.长安大学硕士论文.2004:8-11
[4]李晓明,景建国,陈世均.以可靠性为中心的维修在大亚湾核电站的应用及其推广[J].核科学与工程,2001,21(S1):19-23
[5]吴国兴.以可靠性为中心的维修在地铁信号系统中的应用[J].城市轨道交通研究.2007,9:41-44
[6]彭建军.推行电务设备“点检”维修方式改革的探讨[J].铁道通信信号.2007,43(2):26-27
[7]傅文龙.加快电务维修改革步伐,适应大电务段管理模式.铁道通信信号.2005,41(1):1-6
[8]GJB1379-92:装备预防性维修大纲的制定要求与方法[S].北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1 992
[9]V.S.Deshpande.Application of RCM for safety considerations in a steel plant[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safty,2002(78):325-326
[10]J.莫布雷.可靠性为中心的维修[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[11]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)发展动态[J].军械工程学院学报,2002,14(3):29-31
[12]Zhonghua Cheng,A framework for intelligent reliability centered maintenance analysis[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safty,2008(93):784-787
[13]GJB1391-92:故障模式、影响及危害性分析程序[S].北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1992
[14]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修决策模型[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[15]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修[J].工程机械与维修,2002(11):116-117
[16]姚晨榕.基于状态的民航发动机维修管理研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文.2006:8-11
[17]陆贵友.基于Petri网的CNC系统可靠性指标模糊评估模型.吉林大学硕士论文.2002:45-47
[18]曹亮.微机联锁系统可靠性研究.西南交通大学硕士论文.2007
[19]郭建英.产品或系统的寿命分布类型统计推断问题[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,1986,4:25-26
[20]李鹏.基于RCM理论的船艇装备保障方法研究及管理信息系统开发.上海交通大学硕士论文.2007
[21]董玉亮,顾煜炯,杨昆.基于蒙特卡洛模拟的发电厂设备重要度分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(8):201-205
[22]严云升.铁道机车车辆电子产品的RAMS[J].机车电传动,2003(6):1-4
[23]Maurizio Bevilacqua,Marcello Braglia,Roberto Gabbriell.Monte Carlo simulation approach for a modified FMECA in a power plant[J].Quality and Reliability Engineering International,2000,16(4):313-324
[24]Triantaphyllou E,Kovalerchuk B,Mann L,et al.Determining the most important criteria in maintenance decision making[J].Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,1997,3(1):16-24
[25]De Almeida AT,Bohoris GA.Decision theory in maintenance decision making[J].Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,1995,1(1),39-45
[26]吉庆丰.蒙特卡罗方法及其在水力学中的应用[M].南京:东南大学出出版社,2004(1):1 9-22
[27]金星.系统可靠性评定方法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005,9-25
[28]常孟光,岳春华,范伏安.车站计算机联锁操作及维护(TYJL系列)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:1-6
[29]赵志熙.计算机联锁系统技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999:92-102
[30]高崎.炮兵武器系统维修保障及其决策方法研究南京理工大学博士论文.2006
[31]李家庆,陈辛怡.信号联锁故障分析与处理[M].北京:中国铁道出 版社,2006:3 5-50
[32]Ben-Daya M,Raouf A.A revised failure mode and effects analysis model[J].International Journal of Quality Reliability Management.1993,3(1):43-47
[33]Chang CL,Wei CC,Lee YH.Failure mode and effects analysis using fuzzy method and grey method[J].Kybernetes.1999,28(9):1072-1080
[34]Anand Pillay,Jin Wang.Modified failure mode and effects analysis using approximate reasoning[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety:2003,79(1):69-85
[35]何卫东.转辙机可靠性的逻辑诊断与故障树分析[J].铁道学报,1996,18(5):37-41
[36]何卫东.ZD6型电动转辙机系统的失效分析[J].大连铁道学院学报,1996,17(4):7-13
[37]Chen CB,Klien CM.A simple approach to ranking a group of aggregated fuzzy utilities[J].IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet,Part BL..Cybernet,1997,27(1):26-35
[38]李晓明.基于RCM的核电站维修优化研究及应用.华中科技大学博士论文.2005
[39]夏良华.设备维修策略的合理选择与决策流程[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2006(4):63-66
[40]戈猛.维护管理中维护方式选择与维护能力评估研究.天津大学博士论文.2006
[41]姜志刚.设备维修管理与决策支持系统的研究与开发.南京航空航天大学硕士论文.2003:21-27
[42]陈刚.减速机械的可靠性维修及其维修决策研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文.2007:41-47
[43]李鹏宇.基于AHP的模糊综合评判在设备维修质量管理中的应用研究.兰州理工大学硕士论文.2008
[44]T L Saaty.The Analytic Hierarchy Process[M].New York..McGraw-Hill,1980:1-18
[45]贾希胜.以可靠性为中心的维修及其模型支持[J].军械工程学院学报,2004,16(1):15-18
[46]温亮.RCM决策模型及其计算原型系统[C].第一届维修工程国际学术会议论文集,2006:135-142
[47]马晓芳.发电设备预防性检修策略比较研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,18(23),2789-2792
[48]Aven,Dekker R.A useful framework for optimal replacement models[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,1997,58(1):61-67
[49]朱闰炎.核岛内外设备的维修策略及最佳维修周期模型[J].华东工业大学学报,1997,19(3),90-97
[50]欧阳武.以可靠性为中心的发电厂检修及其管理系统研究.贵州大学硕士论文.2006:39-45
[5 1]游联欢.基于SRCM的发电设备维修决策及优化模型研究.华北电力大学硕士论文.2006:48-52
[52]童晟.基于RCM理论的工业设备维修策略和维修管理系统研究.浙江大学硕士论文.2007:58-62