基于UG的章动齿轮减速器建模和仿真研究
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摘要
近年来随着航空航天技术、仪表设备以及日用小机械产品的发展,出现了一种新型的齿轮传动系统即章动齿轮传动系统。章动齿轮传动系统是应用章动的数学与物理概念,开发设计出的一类具有大轴角外形结构的锥齿轮传动系统。它具有传动比大、体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、承载能力强、寿命长、传动精度和效率高等优点,与传统的齿轮减速器相比,在满足同样大传动比条件的情况下,章动齿轮减速器是所需零件数量最少的一种减速器,这就有利于降低传动系统的造价并提高减速机构的可靠性。因此,章动齿轮减速传动装置是一种新型、高效、经济的减速传动装置,具有很大的发展前途。
     章动齿轮传动系统的诸多优点决定了它在实际工程中具有广阔的应用空间,因此对章动齿轮减速装置有关的问题进行研究就非常必要。但由于作为其关键零部件的内锥齿轮加工制造困难,使其在工程实际中无法应用,这已成为制约章动传动广泛应用的主要因素。作者通过查阅大量的资料和文献发现,至今为止,国内对章动齿轮减速传动的研究大多处于理论阶段。
     本论文对章动理论及其在降速传动中的应用做了简单介绍,推导了章动齿轮传动机构传动比的计算公式,分析研究了渐开线齿轮章动传动中的各种干涉问题,为后续的章动齿轮减速器的三维建模和运动仿真工作提供了理论依据。在此基础上,本论文应用章动理论,设计了一种章动齿轮减速器,基于UG建立了其三维实体模型并进行了运动仿真,通过运动仿真结果的正确性一方面从理论上验证了章动原理应用于齿轮减速传动机构中的可行性和正确性,促进了章动理论研究的进一步发展;另一方面为章动齿轮减速器的后续设计、尤其是加工、生产和制造提供了一种新思路,从而使对章动齿轮减速装置的研究从构思、理论推导阶段上升到了三维建模、虚拟仿真阶段,对该类传动的推广应用具有一定的实际意义。
     可以想象,随着章动理论研究和计算机辅助设计、分析和制造技术的进一步发展和完善,如果对章动齿轮减速机构作更深入的研究,解决内锥齿轮的制造及可能出现的内、外锥齿轮啮合的干涉等问题,可以预见,章动齿轮减速装置必将因其突出的优点,而展现出更加广阔的应用前景。
In recent years along with the developments of aerospace technology, instrumental equipments as well as daily expense small mechanical products, a kind of new-style gear drive system, namely, nutation gear drive system appeared. Nutation gear drive system is a kind of bevel gear transmission system which has big axial angle contoured structure that is designed with nutation's mathematical and physical conceptions. It has many merits, such as large transmission ratio, compactness, light weight, stead transmission, compact structure, strong bearing capacity, long life, high driving accuracy and efficiency and so on. Compared with conventional gear reducers, it is a kind of reducer that needs least part quantity which meets the condition of same large transmission ratio, and it is in favor of reducing the cost of transmission system and increasing the reliability of reducing mechanism. Therefore, nutation gear speed reducer drive is a kind of new-style, high efficiency and economical speed reducer drive, and it has very developmental future.
    These merits of nutation gear drive system have decided that it has extensive application space in practical engineering. Therefore, it's necessary to study related questions of nutation gear speed reducer drive. But because the processing and manufacture of its essential part, internal bevel gear, is difficult, causing it is unable to apply in practical engineering. This has become major factor that restricting widespread application of nutation drive. Author found that the inland researches to nutation gear decelerating transmission mostly get off to theoretical phase by now.
    This paper gives an outline of nutation theory and its application in deceleration taansmission, deriving design formulae of its transmission ratio, analyzing and studying different kinds of interference problems of involute nutation gear drive. These supply theoretical gists for subsequent three-dimensional modeling and movement simulation of nutation gear reducer. On the basis of them, this paper applies nutation theory to design a kind of nutation gear reducer, and establishes its 3D solid model and does its movement simulation in UG. Through the correct result of movement simulation, on the one hand it confirms theoretically the feasibility and the validity of nutation theory to apply in the gear reduction transmission mechanism and promotes the further development of researching nutation theory; on the other hand it
    provides a knid of new clue for the following design, above all processing, production and manufacture of nutation gear reducer. Thereby it makes the research of nutation gear reduction device from the phase of conceiving and theoretical derivation to come up to the phase of 3D modeling and virtual simulation. It has certain practical significance to the promoted application of this kind of transmission.
    It may be imagined that along with the research of nutation theory and the technology of CAD, CAE and CAM further development and perfection, if we do more further research to nutation gear reduction mechanism and solve the problems such as the manufacture of internal bevel gear, internal bevel gear and external bevel gear engagement interference that possibly appears and so on, we may foresee that nutation gear reduction device will certainly have more extensive application prospect because of its outstanding merits.
引文
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