动力失灵与系统断流工况动力系统空穴特性研究与计算
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摘要
空穴现象是引起动力系统事故的主要现象之一。近年来，随着工业安全水准的提高，对于动力系统空穴的特性研究日益紧迫。本文即是针对动力失灵和系统断流两种主要事故工况下，所引起的动力系统中空穴的特性作以研究。在利用瞬变流实验台空穴特性研究段进行实验分析的同时，本文还应用两种数学模型对空穴现象进行了计算分析，得出了空穴在产生，发展和消失各阶段的压力，流量变化规律。给出了有关空穴发展特性的新发现。本文所采用的数学模型和计算方法可以为以后的研究提供借鉴，获得的实验数据也可用于相关的研究中。最后，本文还浅谈了空穴特性进一步研究的方向，为学科的深入提供了方向。
Cavitation is one of the main reasons for accidents and destroys in power system. Recently, with the rising of industrial safety criterion, it is emergent to further the research on Cavitation characteristics in power system. Under this condition, this thesis offers a study on cavitation characteristics caused by two main accidental conditions: power off and system fluid off. Not only analysis the results of experiment taken on the cavitation unit of transient flowing research set, this thesis also studies the cavitation characteristics by calculating two relative maths models. Then, principles of pressure and speed in different durations: generation, development and disappearance, are gained. Something new about the cavitation characteristics is discovered in the experiment. The calculation methods and maths models used in the thesis can offer some reference in the future 'research. The experiment data and information can also be used in relative study. Finally, this thesis dabbles the field of further rese
arch and gives some useful advice for future study.
Cavitation is one of the main reasons for accidents and destroys in power system. Recently, with the rising of industrial safety criterion, it is emergent to further the research on Cavitation characteristics in power system. Under this condition, this thesis offers a study on cavitation characteristics caused by two main accidental conditions: power off and system fluid off. Not only analysis the results of experiment taken on the cavitation unit of transient flowing research set, this thesis also studies the cavitation characteristics by calculating two relative maths models. Then, principles of pressure and speed in different durations: generation, development and disappearance, are gained. Something new about the cavitation characteristics is discovered in the experiment. The calculation methods and maths models used in the thesis can offer some reference in the future 'research. The experiment data and information can also be used in relative study. Finally, this thesis dabbles the field of further rese
arch and gives some useful advice for future study.
引文
[1] Kobori, T., S. Yokoyama, and H. Miyashiro: "Propagation velocity of Pressure Wave in Pipe Line." H i tachi Hyoron, vol.37, no. 10, Oct., 1955．
[2] Pearsall, I. S.: "The Velocity of Water Hammer Waves." Sym. on Surges in Pipelines, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Vol. 180,part 3E, 1965-1966
[3] [美]E．B．怀利，V L．斯特里特。瞬变流。水力电力出版社。
[4] Brown., R. J..: "Water Column Separation at Two Pumping Plants,"J. Basic Eng., Trans. ASME, vol. 90,pp.521-531,1968．
[5] Enever, K. J.: "Surge Pressures in a Gas-Liquid Mixture with a Low Gas Content," Proc. 1st Intern. Conf. Pressure Surges, Canterbury, England, BHRA Fluid Eng, Paper Cl, Sept, 1972．
[6] Oriels, M. R.: " An Investigation of Pressure Transients in a system Containing a Liquid Capable of Air Absorption ," J. Fluid Eng., Trans. ASCE" Paper No. 73-FE-28, June.1973．
[7] Kranenburg, C.: "Gas Release During Transient Cavitation in Pipes," J. Hyd. Div., ASCE, vol. 100, no. HY10,pp. 1383-1398, Oct., 1955
[8] Li, Wen-H. and J. P. Walsh: "Pressure Generated by Cavitation in a Pipe," J. Eng. Mech. Div. ASCE, vol. 90． no. EM6, pp.
113-133, Dec.,1964
[9] Provoost, G. A.: "Investigation into Cavitation in a Prototype Pipeline Caused by Water Hammer," Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Pressure Surges, Bedford England, BHRA, Sept., 1976.
[10] 蒋劲，刘光临等。气穴瞬变基本方程特征根问题研究，华中理工大学学报，vol．25，No．8，Aug．1997。
[11] 蒋劲等。循环水系统两相瞬变流计算，华中理工大学学报，vol．25，No．3．Mac．1997。
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[14] 阎庆绂等。输水系统中泵组瞬变工况及其影响，农业工程学报。
[15] 马淑霞等。截留在管道中气体引起的瞬变流动，第十三届水动力学研究与进展研讨会论文集，贵阳。Oct．1999，海洋出版社出版
[16] 董若凌等。输水管道系统空穴特性计算，太原理工大学学报，vol．32，No．6，Nov．2001。
[17] Streeter, V. L., and E. B. Wylie: Fluid Mechanics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1975.
[18] 李欣。火电厂凝结水系统瞬变工况特性研究。太原理工大学硕士学位论文，2001。
[19] 刘竹溪，刘光临。泵站水锤及其防护，水利电力出版社，1985。
[20] 吴达人。离心泵流体力学，中国电力出版社，1997。
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[22] 孔珑。工程流体力学，水力电力出版社，1992。
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[25] 庞麓鸣。工程热力学，高等教育出版社，1985。
[26] 苏铭德，黄素逸。计算流体力学基础，清华大学出版社，1997。
[27] 孙祥海等。计算流体力学导论，上海交通大学出版社，1987。
[28] 陈材侃。计算流体力学，重庆出版社，1992。
[29] 王尊正。数值分析基本教程，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1993。
[30] 郭立君。泵与风机，水利电力出版社，1986。
[2] Pearsall, I. S.: "The Velocity of Water Hammer Waves." Sym. on Surges in Pipelines, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Vol. 180,part 3E, 1965-1966
[3] [美]E．B．怀利，V L．斯特里特。瞬变流。水力电力出版社。
[4] Brown., R. J..: "Water Column Separation at Two Pumping Plants,"J. Basic Eng., Trans. ASME, vol. 90,pp.521-531,1968．
[5] Enever, K. J.: "Surge Pressures in a Gas-Liquid Mixture with a Low Gas Content," Proc. 1st Intern. Conf. Pressure Surges, Canterbury, England, BHRA Fluid Eng, Paper Cl, Sept, 1972．
[6] Oriels, M. R.: " An Investigation of Pressure Transients in a system Containing a Liquid Capable of Air Absorption ," J. Fluid Eng., Trans. ASCE" Paper No. 73-FE-28, June.1973．
[7] Kranenburg, C.: "Gas Release During Transient Cavitation in Pipes," J. Hyd. Div., ASCE, vol. 100, no. HY10,pp. 1383-1398, Oct., 1955
[8] Li, Wen-H. and J. P. Walsh: "Pressure Generated by Cavitation in a Pipe," J. Eng. Mech. Div. ASCE, vol. 90． no. EM6, pp.
113-133, Dec.,1964
[9] Provoost, G. A.: "Investigation into Cavitation in a Prototype Pipeline Caused by Water Hammer," Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Pressure Surges, Bedford England, BHRA, Sept., 1976.
[10] 蒋劲，刘光临等。气穴瞬变基本方程特征根问题研究，华中理工大学学报，vol．25，No．8，Aug．1997。
[11] 蒋劲等。循环水系统两相瞬变流计算，华中理工大学学报，vol．25，No．3．Mac．1997。
[12] 何国庚，梁柱等。平壁对汽泡运动的影响研究，水力学研究与进展，set．A，vol．13，No．4，Dec．1998。
[13] 李根生，沈晓明等。空化和空蚀机理及其影响因素，石油大学学报(自然科学版)，vol．21．No．2，Mat．1997。
[14] 阎庆绂等。输水系统中泵组瞬变工况及其影响，农业工程学报。
[15] 马淑霞等。截留在管道中气体引起的瞬变流动，第十三届水动力学研究与进展研讨会论文集，贵阳。Oct．1999，海洋出版社出版
[16] 董若凌等。输水管道系统空穴特性计算，太原理工大学学报，vol．32，No．6，Nov．2001。
[17] Streeter, V. L., and E. B. Wylie: Fluid Mechanics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1975.
[18] 李欣。火电厂凝结水系统瞬变工况特性研究。太原理工大学硕士学位论文，2001。
[19] 刘竹溪，刘光临。泵站水锤及其防护，水利电力出版社，1985。
[20] 吴达人。离心泵流体力学，中国电力出版社，1997。
[21] 吴望一。流体力学，北京大学出版社，1983。
[22] 孔珑。工程流体力学，水力电力出版社，1992。
[23] 吴持恭。水力学，高等教育出版社。1998。
[24] 华中工学院教学科研室，工程数学，算法语言，计算方法，高等教育出版社，1985。
[25] 庞麓鸣。工程热力学，高等教育出版社，1985。
[26] 苏铭德，黄素逸。计算流体力学基础，清华大学出版社，1997。
[27] 孙祥海等。计算流体力学导论，上海交通大学出版社，1987。
[28] 陈材侃。计算流体力学，重庆出版社，1992。
[29] 王尊正。数值分析基本教程，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1993。
[30] 郭立君。泵与风机，水利电力出版社，1986。