城市供水管网渗漏水力特性研究
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摘要
本文以渗漏状态下给水管网的水力特性为核心研究内容,通过水力分析和进行实验室单一目标管段和复杂管网模拟正常和渗漏两种运行状态试验,提出了给水管网渗漏水力分析方法与计算模型,为渗漏诊断与控制提供理论基础。
首先,对渗漏量和压力的变化关系进行指数模型验证。针对管道输水的功能特征,提出以渗漏面积比来表征渗漏程度并分析了渗漏面积比对渗漏量的影响。在对比分析压力、渗漏面积比、转输流量和孔口出流方式等对渗漏量作用的基础上,指出压力和渗漏面积比是确定管道渗漏量的决定性因素。在此基础上,创新性地提出了考虑压力和渗漏面积比二者综合作用的有压管道渗漏量“S”模型,并分析了模型中系数的物理意义和变化规律。
其次,基于供水管网水力计算基本原理提出“渗漏压降”概念,并建立渗漏管道水力计算模型。应用该模型可以得到正常与渗漏两种状态下的压力变化规律及其数学模型,进而分析了压力作为渗漏判据和进行定位研究的有效性与局限性;通过管段和管网渗漏模拟试验,从流量和压力两方面分析了渗漏状态下水力特性变化。试验和模型计算均显示,考虑渗漏“渗漏压降”的管道水力计算模型较传统水力分析方法对管网渗漏状态模拟的精度大为提高。
最后,基于有压管流相似理论,推导构建了供水管网的正态和变态物理模型理论。重点对管网正常和渗漏两种状态进行受力分析,并分别进行模型推导;通过试验确定了正态相似和变态相似理论对管段水力特性的模拟的可行性和适宜范围。利用逆向分析方法,给出了管网模型变态微缩比尺的确定方法和建议取值。
In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of pipe flow with leakage were systematic studied. A simulated lab-scale environment, pipe section experiments and water distribution system experiments, were set up. By parallel experiments under normal and leakage they were systematic studied and a leakage hydraulic model of water distribution system was established, which provided theory for the leakage detection and control.
Firstly, the relation between leakage area ratio and leakage was validated with Exponent Model. For the function characteristics of pipe, the leakage area ratio was used for characterizing the level of leakage first, and the relation between leakage area ratio and leakage was analyzed in addition. Pressure and leakage area ratio were the most important factors in leakage quantification, in comparison with pipe flow quantity, and the way of outflow. A“S”Model was established innovative in this paper, which embody both pressure and leakage area ratio by synthesis, and the physics meanings and the law of its change of the parameters were analyzed.
Secondly, based on the hydraulics of pipelines, a new concept“leakage head loss”was proposed, and a hydraulic model of water supply network was established. With this model, it is expected that the mathematic representation and the law of pressure change can be find with leakage. Farther the validity and localization of the pressure data as the criterion of leakage detection were analyzed. By pipe section experiments and water distribution system experiments, the hydraulic characteristic of pipe flow was analyzed from flow and pressure tow points of view. The experiment and simulation results showed that“leakage head loss”model surpassed traditional hydraulic analysis.
Finally, according to similarity theory of pressure flow, a pipe network distorted hydraulic model was done, then the two states (with or without leakage) were analyzed respectively. The feasibility and applicability of normal and distorted similitude were confirmed by simulation tests. The specific method and advised value of simulate ratio of pipe network model was commended by inverse analysis.
首先,对渗漏量和压力的变化关系进行指数模型验证。针对管道输水的功能特征,提出以渗漏面积比来表征渗漏程度并分析了渗漏面积比对渗漏量的影响。在对比分析压力、渗漏面积比、转输流量和孔口出流方式等对渗漏量作用的基础上,指出压力和渗漏面积比是确定管道渗漏量的决定性因素。在此基础上,创新性地提出了考虑压力和渗漏面积比二者综合作用的有压管道渗漏量“S”模型,并分析了模型中系数的物理意义和变化规律。
其次,基于供水管网水力计算基本原理提出“渗漏压降”概念,并建立渗漏管道水力计算模型。应用该模型可以得到正常与渗漏两种状态下的压力变化规律及其数学模型,进而分析了压力作为渗漏判据和进行定位研究的有效性与局限性;通过管段和管网渗漏模拟试验,从流量和压力两方面分析了渗漏状态下水力特性变化。试验和模型计算均显示,考虑渗漏“渗漏压降”的管道水力计算模型较传统水力分析方法对管网渗漏状态模拟的精度大为提高。
最后,基于有压管流相似理论,推导构建了供水管网的正态和变态物理模型理论。重点对管网正常和渗漏两种状态进行受力分析,并分别进行模型推导;通过试验确定了正态相似和变态相似理论对管段水力特性的模拟的可行性和适宜范围。利用逆向分析方法,给出了管网模型变态微缩比尺的确定方法和建议取值。
In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of pipe flow with leakage were systematic studied. A simulated lab-scale environment, pipe section experiments and water distribution system experiments, were set up. By parallel experiments under normal and leakage they were systematic studied and a leakage hydraulic model of water distribution system was established, which provided theory for the leakage detection and control.
Firstly, the relation between leakage area ratio and leakage was validated with Exponent Model. For the function characteristics of pipe, the leakage area ratio was used for characterizing the level of leakage first, and the relation between leakage area ratio and leakage was analyzed in addition. Pressure and leakage area ratio were the most important factors in leakage quantification, in comparison with pipe flow quantity, and the way of outflow. A“S”Model was established innovative in this paper, which embody both pressure and leakage area ratio by synthesis, and the physics meanings and the law of its change of the parameters were analyzed.
Secondly, based on the hydraulics of pipelines, a new concept“leakage head loss”was proposed, and a hydraulic model of water supply network was established. With this model, it is expected that the mathematic representation and the law of pressure change can be find with leakage. Farther the validity and localization of the pressure data as the criterion of leakage detection were analyzed. By pipe section experiments and water distribution system experiments, the hydraulic characteristic of pipe flow was analyzed from flow and pressure tow points of view. The experiment and simulation results showed that“leakage head loss”model surpassed traditional hydraulic analysis.
Finally, according to similarity theory of pressure flow, a pipe network distorted hydraulic model was done, then the two states (with or without leakage) were analyzed respectively. The feasibility and applicability of normal and distorted similitude were confirmed by simulation tests. The specific method and advised value of simulate ratio of pipe network model was commended by inverse analysis.
引文
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