菌草香菇培养基的筛选及与木屑香菇品质的比较研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
目的:对菌草栽培香菇的配方进行筛选优化、比较菌草栽培的香菇和木屑栽培的香菇的产量和品质,以对菌草栽培的香菇进行科学地评价,为菌草香菇的生产发展提供科学依据。
     方法:运用三级系统筛选法对菌草培养基进行筛选优化;用常压加热干燥法、灼烧法、微量凯氏定氮法、酸性洗涤剂法、氨基酸自动分析仪、原子荧光光谱和原子吸收光谱、乙酰丙酮法和热水提取多糖法分别对菌草香菇和木屑香菇的水分、灰分、蛋白质、纤维素、氨基酸、重金属、甲醛、香菇水溶性多糖等的含量进行比较研究。
     结果:木屑组的单筒香菇产量比菌草组的高10.77%,但生物转化率比用菌草组的低12.08%。菌草组的污染率高于木屑组。菌草组菌丝的生长速度比木屑组的快,出菇较早且集中,但菌草组的菌筒在长完第一潮菇后其失水量比木屑组的多。
     菌草香菇的粗蛋白含量是木屑香菇的1.98倍,菌草香菇总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量都比木屑香菇中的略高一些,但菌草香菇中未检测到脯氨酸的存在。
     菌草香菇中粗纤维素的含量比木屑香菇中的低,菌草香菇鲜菇的含水量稍高于木屑香菇。因而菌草香菇的更加鲜嫩,如果采收过迟菌草香菇烘干后其边缘易碎。
     菌草香菇部分重金属的含量和甲醛的含量比木屑香菇的高,但其含量均在我国和国际有关规定的标准范围之内,对人体无有害影响。
     香菇水溶性多糖的最佳提取工艺为:将香菇进行粉碎(过50目筛),之后分三次,共加入25倍的水(V/W),每次在100℃下煮沸1.5小时,进行过滤、离心后,加入3倍体积的95%的乙醇析出多糖。Saveg法去蛋白,流水透析48小时,减压浓缩,醇析,40℃真空干燥。
     酶和Sevag相结合去蛋白比单用Sevag去蛋白效果更佳。胃蛋白酶去蛋白的最佳条件为:加酶量为多糖量的1.5%,pH约为2.0,在37℃下保
    
    温3小时;胰蛋白酶去蛋白的最佳条件:加酶量为也为多糖量眺左右,
    pH为8.5左右,在37OC下保温3小时。
     菌草香菇中有效多糖含量是木屑香菇的3.25倍,菌草香菇多糖和木
    屑香菇多糖均具有明显的抗肿瘤的效果,抑瘤率分别为44.9:残、43.95%。
     因而,香菇可以全部用菌草作为培养料,用菌草栽培香菇的产量、质
    量均不亚于木屑栽培的香菇。在目前,木材紧缺的情况下,完全可以用菌
    草代替木屑、棉籽壳等栽培香菇。
Purpose:
    JUNCAO substrate was screened and optimized, and a comparative studies on yield and quality of JL'NCAO shii-take and sawdust shii-take, so as to scientifically appraise to shii-take cultivated with JUNCAO and offer scientific basis for production and development of JUNCAO shii-take.
    Method: Use tertiary system method to screen and optimize JLNCAO substrate, and use heat and dry under atmospheric pressure method, ignition residue method, The Casparian law of trace nitrogen, acid detergent law, automatic analysis instrument of amino acid, the fluorescence spectrum of atom and atom absorb the spectrum, acetyl acetone method and hot water extraction polysaccharide method to measure the content of the moisture, ash content protein, cellulose, amino acid, heavy metal, formaldehyde, water soluble polysaccharide of JUNCAO shii-take and sawdust shii-take was comparatively studied separately.
    Result: The yield of one bag cultivated with JUNCAO was lower 10.77% than that of cultivated with sawdust, but the bioconversion rate was higher 12.08%. The contamination rate of bags filled with JLNCAO was slightly higher than that filled with sawdust. The growth rate of mycelia cultivated with JUNCAO was faster than that cultivated with sawdust.
    The result of this experiment showed that the content of protein of the JUNCAO shii-take is 1. 98 times than that of sawdust shii-take. The total amino acid content and essential amino acid content of the JUNCAO shii-take was higher than that of sawdust shii-take. But proline didn' t measured in the JUNCAO shii-take.
    The content of crude cellulose of the JUNCAO shii-take was lower
    
    
    
    
    than that of the sawdust shii-take. The water content of the JLNCAO shii-take was higher than the sawdust shii-take slightly. Therefore the JLNCAO shii-take was tenderer, but marginal veil was more smashed after dried, if picked too late.
    The content of some heavy metal and formaldehyde of the JLNCAO shii-take was higher than that of the sawdust shii-take. But its content was under the standard range of the regulation in our country and world, and not been harmful to the human body.
    Enzymatic solve optimization terms showed that the removal of the proteins with enzyme and Sevag method was superior to with Sevag method independently. Pepsin and trypsin optimum condition were respectively Pepsin enzyme-added about 1.5% of polysaccharide quantity, pH about 2. 0, keep temperature three hours under 37℃ and trypsin enzyme-added about 1%, pH about 8. 5, keep temperature three hours under 37℃.
    The effective polysacchar ides content of the JL'NCAO shii-take was 3.25 times than that of the sawdust shii-take, they both have obvious antitumor effect. It was 44.93%, 43.95% respectively to restrain the tumor rate.
    Therefore the shii-take can entirely use JLNCAO as compost. The yield and quality of the shii-take cultivated with JLNCAO were not second to that of the shii-take mushroom cultivated with sawdust. L'nder the timber shortages conditions, the humankind can culture shii-take with JLNCAO instead of the sawdust and cottonseed shell.
引文
1 林占熺.菌草学.中国农业出版社[M],2000.
    2 黄大斌,杨菁.福建寿宁花菇品质的探讨[J].中国食用菌,2000,2,2-3
    3 闫新法,马春歌.香菇同步催花技术[J].食用菌.2001,(1):30
    4 张树庭,张金霞.1997年世界食用菌生产栽培概况[J].中国食用菌,2001,20(1):3-5
    5 武金钟.保护森林资源调整菌业结构[J].中国食用菌.2001,19(3):8
    6 黄毅.食用菌栽培.高等教育出版社[M],1997
    7 陈士瑜,菇类生产技术全书.中国农业出版社[M],1999
    8 李鸣雷,李小平.苹果树木枝栽培香菇研究[J].食用菌学报,2001.8(3):55-58
    9 孙有鑫.玉米芯栽培香菇试验[J].食用菌,2001,20(3):41-42
    10 陈国良,陈晓清.灵芝有效成分研究综述[J]中国食用菌,1994,14(4):7-9
    11 王晨光,潘迎捷,江汉湖.食用菌中重金属的研究进展[J].食用菌学报.2000,7(2):58-64
    12 李晓晖,李书平,何支庆,李荣庆,崔书民.灵芝多糖含量测定研究[J].中草药,1997,28(9):530-531
    13 陈蓉明,林跃鑫.黄谚谚.草栽与木栽灵芝成分的比较分析[J].真菌学报,2000(3):57-60
    14 Kichner G. Daillant O. Accumulation of ~(210)Pb. ~(226)Ra and radioactive xesim by fungi[J]. The Science of the Total Environment. 1998.222:63-70
    15 王夔.生命科学中的微量元素(上、下)[M].北京中国讲师出版社,1991.
    16 徐承水.环境中有害微量元素对人体健康的影响[J].广东微量元素科学,1999,6(10):1-3
    17 Michelot D,Siobud E,Christophe J Dore et al. Update on metal content profiles inmushrooms-toxicological implications and tentative approach to the mechanisms of bioaccumulation[J].Toxicon. 1998.36(12): 1997-2012.
    18 黄玉山,陈健敏,潭凤仪.植物重金属结合体的研究现状[J].植物学报,1992,34(2):146-158
    19 中国预防医学科学院标准处编.食品卫生国家标准汇编[M].北京:中国标准出版社.1997
    20 施巧琴,林琳,陈哲超等.重金属在食用菌中的富集及对其生长代谢的影响[J].真菌学报,1991,10(4):301-311.
    21 李开本,陈体强,徐洁等.巴西蘑菇富镉特性研究初报[J].食用菌学报,1999,6(1):55-57
    22 吴涓.清彪.邓旭等.白腐真菌吸附铅的研究[J].微生物学报,1999,39(1):87-90
    23 王琰,张利,俞耀庭等.非活性菌丝体对水中铅离子的吸附[J].环境科学,1998,19(3):62-65.
    24 Verter J. Data on arsenic and cadmium contents of some common mushrooms[J]. Toxicon. 1994.32(1): 11-15.
    
    
    25 Bressa G, Cima L and Costa P. Bioaccumulation of Hg in the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus[J]. Ecotypicology and Environmental Safety, 1998,16:85-89
    26 Kirchner G, Daillant O. Accumulation of ~(210)Pb.~(226)Ra and radioactive cesium by fungi[J]. The Science of the Total Environment. 1998,222:63-70.
    27 Garcia MA. Alinso J. Fernandez MI et al. Lead content in edible wile mushrooms in northwest Spain as indicator of environment contamination[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1998,34:330-335.
    28 Melgar MJ,Alonso J, Perez-Lopez M et al. Influence of some factors in toxicity and accumulation of cadmium from edible wild macro-fungi in northwest Spain[J]. The Journal of the Environmental Science of the Health, 1998.33(4):439-455
    29 Yukiko Kurashima. Mitauhiro Tsuda, takashi Sugimura. Marked formation of Rhiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, an Effective Nitrite Trapping Agent in Vivo, on Boing of Dried Shii-take Mushroom (Lentinus edodes) [J].J.Agric. Food Chem. 1990,38:1945-1949
    30 Iwami.K, Yasumoto. K. Mitsuda, H.Determination of formaldehyde in vegetables and edile mushroom by modified acetylacetone methode [J]Nutr. Foods 1974.27:387-391.
    31 Iwami K,Yasumoto,K.Nakamura K. Mitsuda. H, properties of γ-glutamyltransferade from Lentimus edodes[J].Afric.Biol.Chem. 1975.39.1933-1947
    32 Ratmer.S. Clarke. H.T. The action of formadehyde upon cystein[J], J. Am. Chem 1936.114,341-350
    33 Yasumoto,K. Iwami,K, enzyme-catalyzid evolution of lenthionine from leneimic acid,Agrc[J]. Biol. Chem, 1971.35,2070-2080
    34 Kenshiro Fujimoro,the Mechanism of formaldehyde formation in shii-take mushroom. Mushroom[J]Science proceeding of the Ninth International scientic congress on the cultivation of Edible fugi. 1974
    35 林树钱,王赛贞,林志彬.香菇生长发育和加工贮存中甲醛含量的变化的初步研究[J].食用菌,2002.21(6):10-12
    36 林玉满,竹荪多糖的分离纯化和鉴定[J].中国食用菌,14(5):37-39
    37 徐宝梁,食用菌多糖取方法研究[J],食用菌,1996,15(1):6
    38 李兆兰,郑涛.灵芝菌丝体和发酵液有效成分及含量分析[J],中草药.1994.25(1):17-19
    39 张龙翔.张庭芳.李令媛.生化实验方法与技术[M],人民教育出版社,1982
    40 张欣,吕作舟.香菇菌盖多糖的提取纯化及其理化性质的研究[J].华中农业大学报,1998.17(6):537-541
    41 陈哲超,张志光.复合酶解法提取香菇多糖的研究[J].生物工程进展.1995.15(1)47~50
    
    
    42张维杰,赵帜平,沈业寿.当归多糖的分离纯化及其部分性质的研究[J].生物学杂志.1998,7(15):12-14.
    43吴娟,吴谋成.张声华.香菇子实体蛋白多糖果Le-Ⅲ的分离、纯化及理化及性质的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1999,18(2):187~190
    44项勇,张志群.香菇生理活性物质的研究[J].东北林业大学学报,1996,24(1):75~80
    45杨晓彤,糜可.杨庆尧.香菇菌丝体多糖LeBD1-的分离纯化和分析[J].微生物学报,1997,37(1):119~116
    46张欣.酶法提取香菇柄多糖[J].生物技术,1999,9(1):21~24
    47耶建仙,耿立萍.香菇柄PJFI多糖的结构研究[J].中国食用菌.1995.14(5):7~9
    48邱龙新.香菇提取液的抗癌功效[J].中国食用菌,2000,20(1):6-7
    49张维杰.复合多糖生化研究技术[M].上海科学出版社,1987
    50徐锦堂.中国约用真菌学[M],北京医科大学,中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1997
    51林树钱.中国药用菌生产与产品开发[M],中草药国农业出版社,2000
    52 Hiroaki Nanva. maitake mushroom-imnune therapy to prevent from cancer growth and metastasls[J].Explore. 1995,6(1)1~3
    53 Okazaki M,Adachi Y. Ohno Net al.Stucture-activity relationship of β-D-glucans in the induction of cytojkine production from macrojphages imn vitro[J].Biolgical and Pharmaceutical Bulledtin, 1995,18(10): 1320~1327
    54方茂林,丁惠堂,房淑敏.香菇菌株的筛选和香菇多糖提取工芝研究[J].中国食用菌,2000,10(2):39—40
    55药风荷.浅谈中药提取工艺的理论与实践[J].中药通报,1987,11,52—55
    56黄幸纾.灰树花多糖的提取及抗癌作刚[J],中国食用菌,1994,13(1):41-43
    57劳华均,闵三弟,臧珍娣,宋士良,严惠芳,陆宏祺.灰树花多糖的抗肿瘤作用及对噬细胞自然杀伤细胞的影响[J],上海农业学报,1997.13(1):25-30
    58方积年,王顺春.香菇多糖的研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,1997,32(10):332-334
    59邢增涛,周昌艳,潘迎捷,谭琦,江汉湖.灰树木花多糖的研究进展[J].食用菌学报,1999,6(3):54-58
    60杜宇野.香菇多糖的研究进展[J],中国食用菌,1994,14(4):9-11
    61方积年.多糖研究的现状[J],药学学报,1986,21(12):944-950
    62张倩等 多糖功能的研究进展[J] 食品研究与开发 1998,19(3),11-13
    63 Matsuoka H. Yano K. Seo Y. et al. Usefulness of lymphocyte subset change as an indicator for 64 predicting survival time and effectiveness of treatment with the immunopotentiator lentinan[J]. Anticancer Res, 1995;15(5B):2291
    
    
    65彭俊平.冯燮林,刘光中,等.香菇多糖对肿瘤患者围手术期外周血T细胞亚群的影响[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1997:9(1):28
    66王苏,周振英,潘良熹.国产香菇多糖对化疗癌症患者NK活性的影响[J].江苏中医,1996;17(9):41
    67 Tani M, Tanimura H, Yamaue H, et al. Augmentation of lymphokine activated killer cell activity by lentinan[J]. Anticancer Res, 1993;13(5C):1773
    68 Matsuoka H, Seo Y, Wakasugi H, et al. Lentinan potentiates immunity, and prolongs the survival time of some patients[J]. Anticancer Res. 1997;17(4A):2751
    69李盟军,吴达龙,吴德政.蘑菇多糖对小鼠S180肉瘤抗瘤效应的初步研究[J].免疫学杂志.1997;13(4):243
    70马占好,张春艳,刘旭,等.香菇多糖对小鼠腹水型S180、H22抑瘤作用的实验研究[J].实用肿瘤学杂志,1996;10(4):7
    71沙静姝,毛洪奎.香菇菌多糖[J].中国药学杂志,1989;24(2):116
    72蔡月蛾,范以虎,姜洪斌,等.天地欣治疗晚期肺癌疗效观察[J].肿瘤,1996;16(5):554
    73柴曼超,王珍珍.香菇多糖对恶性胸水患者化疗中毒副反应的拮抗作用[J].中原医刊,1996;23(10):31
    74周莹,沈萍萍,彭士明,华子春,红栓菌多糖的免疫增强效应研究.药物生物技术.2001,9(3):153-156
    75丁克青,杨旭.香菇多糖注射液对慢性活动中型肝炎外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和IL—2R表达作用的研究[J],中国免疫学杂志,1995.11(5):298—299
    76宋炳生,杨玉龙.香菇多糖抗肿瘤活性的研究概况[J].中草药.1998,29(7):492
    77金道山,韩志涛,王士雯,等.香菇多糖抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].老年学杂志,1994;14(1):40.
    78ChiharaG.香菇多糖的免疫药理作用[J].国外医学:植物药分册,1993.8(4):165.
    79高木敬次郎(日),药理实验方法[M],化学工业出版社,1981
    80钱之玉,药理学实验与指导[M],中国医药科技出版社,1996

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700