影响宿根甘蔗萌发的若干因素探讨
摘要
本实验在大田条件下，测定5个甘蔗品种第一年宿根蔗萌发初期叶片的淀粉、可溶性糖、蔗糖、还原糖、N、P、K、可溶性蛋白质的含量及酸性转化酶和过氧化物酶活性，并收集气象资料进行分析，结果如下：
1、气温与土壤相对含水量的相互协调，有利于提高叶片N、P、K 的含量，及酸性转化酶的活性，降低过氧化物酶的活性，促进淀粉、蔗糖的分解及光合产物的积累。萌芽期叶片N、P和K含量高的品种出苗速度快，产量高。
2、酸性转化酶在宿根蔗萌芽期起关键的作用。在萌芽前期，酸性转化酶活性低但增长快的品种粤糖91／976萌芽速度快，产量高。
3、宿根蔗叶片过氧化物酶活性表现为前期高后期低。宿根蔗出苗前期过氧化物酶活性高的CP80／1827和新台糖16号出苗率高、有效茎多。
4、出苗速度快、产量高的品种粤糖91／976宿根蔗前期叶片淀粉、可溶性糖、蔗糖和还原糖含量最高，CP80／1827和新台糖16号叶片淀粉和蔗糖前期含量高但可溶性糖和还原糖不高，这表明前期叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量对宿根蔗的萌发可能比可溶性糖和还原糖意义更加重大。
Shoot sprouting of first ratoon was investigated with five sugarcane varieties under field conditions. Some of inner factors affecting the ratoon, which including the contents of amylum, total soluble sugar, sucrose, reducing sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soluble protein, and the activities of acid invertase and peroxidase in the leaves of ratoon crop, were determined. The meteorological data were also collected and analyzed. The results were as follows.
1) Temperature was a dominant environmental fatcor affecting the shoot sprouting of the ratoon cane. The suitable air temperature accompanied with sound relative moisture in soil was very important for the ratoon budding, which resulted in increased activities of acid invertase and decreased peroxidase(POD), and stronger decomposition of amylum and sucrose and more accumulation of photosynthate, and higher contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the ratoon crop. The varieties with higher N, P and K in the leaves during shoot sprouting and early growth stage of the ratoon crop grew faster and recorded higher cane yield as compared with the others.
2) Acid invertase played a key role in shoot sprouting of the ratoon crop, which inverted the sucrose into reducing sugar for further utilization by the newly growing shoots. The variety YT91/976, which grew fast and recorded the highest cane yield, showed the increscent acid invertase activity in the leaves at the early growth stage.
3) The peroxidase activity in the leaves was high at the early growth stage of the ratoon crop but was decreasing with speeding up of the plant growth. The varieties CP80/1827 and XTT16, which had stronger shoot-sprouting ability and produced more millable stalks, showed obviously higher peroxidase activity than the others.
4) The fast-growing and high-yield variety YT91/976 showed the highest amylum, tolal soluble sugar, sucrose and reducing suger in the leaves in most of the measurements at the early growth stage. The varieties CP80/1827 and XTT16 showed rather high amylum and sucrose but not total soluble sugar and reducing sugar in the leaves at the shoot sprouting stage, which might suggest that amylum and sucrose were more important than total soluble sugar and reducing sugar for the bud germination in the ratoon cane clumps.
1、气温与土壤相对含水量的相互协调，有利于提高叶片N、P、K 的含量，及酸性转化酶的活性，降低过氧化物酶的活性，促进淀粉、蔗糖的分解及光合产物的积累。萌芽期叶片N、P和K含量高的品种出苗速度快，产量高。
2、酸性转化酶在宿根蔗萌芽期起关键的作用。在萌芽前期，酸性转化酶活性低但增长快的品种粤糖91／976萌芽速度快，产量高。
3、宿根蔗叶片过氧化物酶活性表现为前期高后期低。宿根蔗出苗前期过氧化物酶活性高的CP80／1827和新台糖16号出苗率高、有效茎多。
4、出苗速度快、产量高的品种粤糖91／976宿根蔗前期叶片淀粉、可溶性糖、蔗糖和还原糖含量最高，CP80／1827和新台糖16号叶片淀粉和蔗糖前期含量高但可溶性糖和还原糖不高，这表明前期叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量对宿根蔗的萌发可能比可溶性糖和还原糖意义更加重大。
Shoot sprouting of first ratoon was investigated with five sugarcane varieties under field conditions. Some of inner factors affecting the ratoon, which including the contents of amylum, total soluble sugar, sucrose, reducing sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soluble protein, and the activities of acid invertase and peroxidase in the leaves of ratoon crop, were determined. The meteorological data were also collected and analyzed. The results were as follows.
1) Temperature was a dominant environmental fatcor affecting the shoot sprouting of the ratoon cane. The suitable air temperature accompanied with sound relative moisture in soil was very important for the ratoon budding, which resulted in increased activities of acid invertase and decreased peroxidase(POD), and stronger decomposition of amylum and sucrose and more accumulation of photosynthate, and higher contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the ratoon crop. The varieties with higher N, P and K in the leaves during shoot sprouting and early growth stage of the ratoon crop grew faster and recorded higher cane yield as compared with the others.
2) Acid invertase played a key role in shoot sprouting of the ratoon crop, which inverted the sucrose into reducing sugar for further utilization by the newly growing shoots. The variety YT91/976, which grew fast and recorded the highest cane yield, showed the increscent acid invertase activity in the leaves at the early growth stage.
3) The peroxidase activity in the leaves was high at the early growth stage of the ratoon crop but was decreasing with speeding up of the plant growth. The varieties CP80/1827 and XTT16, which had stronger shoot-sprouting ability and produced more millable stalks, showed obviously higher peroxidase activity than the others.
4) The fast-growing and high-yield variety YT91/976 showed the highest amylum, tolal soluble sugar, sucrose and reducing suger in the leaves in most of the measurements at the early growth stage. The varieties CP80/1827 and XTT16 showed rather high amylum and sucrose but not total soluble sugar and reducing sugar in the leaves at the shoot sprouting stage, which might suggest that amylum and sucrose were more important than total soluble sugar and reducing sugar for the bud germination in the ratoon cane clumps.
引文
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[4]苏广达，吴伯烃．宿根甘蔗生物学特性的综述．甘蔗糖业，1980(6)：10～18
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[6]曾献军．甘蔗化控技术研究进展．甘蔗，1999,3(1)：19～27
[7]Soopramanien GC．催熟剂对甘蔗生长、蔗糖含量及宿根的影响．Sugar Cane，Spring,1990(Supplement)：1～4
[8]张勇，陈西凯．氮、钾对甘蔗叶片中几种酶的影响及其与生长和糖分积累的关系．四川甘蔗，1988,(4)：1～12
[9]Hatchm MD. Glasziou, KT. Sugar Accumulation Cycle in Sugarcane. 2 Relationship of Invertase Activity to sugar content and Growth Rate in storage Tissue of Plants Grown in Controlled Environments Plant Physiocogy, 1963,38:344～348
[10]Madan VK, Singh K. Activity of Invertases in Sugarcane Leaves. International Sugar Journal, 1980,82:947
[11]Madan VK. Foliar. Enzymes of Sugarcane. International Sugar Journal. 1981, 83:990
[12]陈伟栋，陈西凯．甘蔗叶片转化酶与甘蔗金花生长和糖分积累地关系．四川甘蔗科技，1985,3：27～32
[13]Glasziou KT, Gayler KR. Storage of Sugars in Stalks of Ssugarcane, The Botanical Teview, 1972,38:471～490
[14]张勇，陈西凯．不同甘蔗品种萌发时蔗芽中酶的变化．四川甘蔗，1990，1：10～13
[15]潘瑞炽，董愚得编著，植物生理学．北京：高等教育出版社，1995
[16]Lagrimin LM, Rothstein S. Tissue specificity of tobacco peroxidase isozymes and their induction by wound-ing and tobacco mosaic virus infection. Plant Physiol, 1987,84:438～442
[17]Quiroga M, Guerrero C, Botella MA, et al. A tomato peroxidase involved in the synthesis of
lignin andsuberin. Plant Physiol, 2000, 122:1119～1127
[18]Zheng X, Van Huystee AB. On tyrosine oxidation by cationic POD. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Culture, 1991,25:35～44
[19]Intapruk C, Yamamoto K, Sekine M, et al. Regulatory sequences involved in the peroxidase gene expression in Arabidop sis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep, 1994,13:123～129
[20]Miller R, Zilinskas BA. Molecular cloning and characterization of a gene encoding pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. J Biol Chem, 1992, 267:21802～21807
[21]Badiani M, De Biasi MG, Feici M. Soluble peroxidase from winter wheat seedling with phenoloxidase activi-ty. Plant Physioi, 1990, 92:489～494
[22]Agostini A, de Forchetti SM, Figier HA. Production of peroxidases by hairy roots of Brassica napus. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Culture, 1997, 47:177～182
[23]Lee TT, Role of phenolic inhibitors in peroxidase mediated degradation of indole-3-acetic acid. Plant Physiol, 1977,59:372～375
[24]Kay LE, Basill KV. Specific peroxidase isoenzymes are related with organogenesis. Plant Physiol, 1987,84:99～105
[25]Peng M, Kuc J. Peroxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide as a source of antifungal-activity in vitro and on to-bacco leaf disks. Phytopathol. 1992,82:696～699
[26]Martinez C, Baccou JC, Bresson E, et al. Salicylic acid mediated by the oxidative burst is a key molecule in local and systemic responses of cotton challenged by an avirulent race of Xanthomonas campestris pv mal-vacearum. Plant Physiol,2000,122:757～766
[27]Bolwell GP, Wojtaszek D. Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence-abroad perspective. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1997,51:347～366
[28]Lu H, Higgins VJ. Measurement of active oxygen species generated in planta in response to elicitor avia of Cladosp orium fulvum. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1998,52:35～51
[29]Lewis N, Yamamoto E. L ignin:occurrence, biogenesis and biodegradation. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1990,41:455～496
[30]Hausman SF. Changes in peroxidase activity, auxin level and ethylene production during root formation by poplar shoots raised in vitro. Plant Growth Regulation, 1993,13:263～268
[31]Henriksen A, Smith AT, Gajihede M. The structures of the horseradish peroxidase C--
ferulic acid complex and the ternary complex with cyanide suggest how peroxidases oxidize small phenolic substrates. J Biol Chem, 1999,274:35005～35011
[32]Mato MC, Rua ML. Ferro E. Changes in levels of peroxidases and phenolics during root-formation in Vitis cultured in vitro. Physiol Plant, 1988,72:84～88
[33]Boeuf Cs L egrand H, Rambour S. Influence of light conditions on development, apopla-stic peroxidase ac-tivties and peroxidase isoenzymes in chicory root explants. Physiol Plant, 1999,106:331～336
[34]Gaspar T, Penel C, Castillo F J, et al. A two-step control of basic and acidic peroxidases and its significance for growth and development. Physiol Plant, 1985,64:418～423
[35]Betella MA, Quesada MA, Konowicz AK, et al. Characterization and in situ localization of a salt-induced tomato peroxidaze m RNA. Plant Mol Biol, 1994,25:105～114
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