血小板减少症患儿预防性血小板输注值的探讨
摘要
目的:探讨非免疫性血小板减少症患儿预防性血小板输注值,以了解观察组以10×10~9 /L为输注值时是否与传统输注值20×10~9 /L同样可以达到预防出血、止血的目的,是否同样安全有效。方法: 2008年12月至2010年3月我科患有非免疫性血小板减少症的患儿住院晨起监测血常规,将需预防性输注血小板的患儿分为A、B两组, A组即对照组,输注值plt≤20×10~9 /L;B组即观察组,输注值plt≤10×10~9 /L,当各组低于上述输注值时及时给予预防性血小板输注,并比较两组输注血小板的次数、性别、民族、病种、出血情况、输血小板次数、输血小板量、临床出血症状的改善及控制情况、输血小板的不良反应。结果: A、B两组的性别、民族、病种比较均无统计学意义,A、B两组轻微出血事件发生率比较有统计学差异,严重出血事件比较无统计学差异,A、B两组输血小板次数、输血小板量比较差别无统计学意义, A、B两组临床出血症状大部分得到改善及有效控制,A、B两组组内比较输血小板前后临床出血分级比较有统计学意义,A、B两组输血小板不良反应发生率无统计学意义。结论: A、B两组患儿在无侵袭性操作的情况下,采用plt≤10×10~9 /L作为预防性血小板输注值是安全的。
Objective: To evaluate the threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in patients with non--immune thrombopenia of childhood. To observe that if the transfusion of 10×10~9 /L of the control group is safe and effient to guand against hemorrhage and hemostasis to the original transfusion of 20×10~9/L . Methods:We evaluated during the period of December, 2008-March, 2010 in our division , in the early blood routine test of non--immune thrombocytopenia childhood patients. The patients who need prophylactic platelet transfusions was divided into two groups, group A was control group (the control arm in which the subjects were given platelets if the morning platelet count was less than 20×10~9/L or if bleeding) , and the group B was observation group (which included subjects who received platelet if the morning count of platelet was lower than 10×10~9/L), compare the frequency and quantity of the platelet transfusions、sexes、nationality、the type of sickness、bleeding situation、the improvement and control of clinical bleeding symptom、and the rates of adverse reactions of platelet transfusions. Results:First, the two groups had no distinct differences in the sexes、nationality、the type of sickness ,and the quantity、the frequency of platelet transfusions, too. Second, the light bleeding events were significantly different between group A and group B, the severe bleeding events were not significantly different between group A and group B, and the clinical bleeding symptom had been effectively controlled and improved. Third, the rates of adverse reactions of platelet transfusions were not significantly different between group A and group B. Conclusion:The childhood patients of group A and group B who under no invasive procedures by a 10×10~9 /L prophylactic platelet transfusion is safe.
Objective: To evaluate the threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in patients with non--immune thrombopenia of childhood. To observe that if the transfusion of 10×10~9 /L of the control group is safe and effient to guand against hemorrhage and hemostasis to the original transfusion of 20×10~9/L . Methods:We evaluated during the period of December, 2008-March, 2010 in our division , in the early blood routine test of non--immune thrombocytopenia childhood patients. The patients who need prophylactic platelet transfusions was divided into two groups, group A was control group (the control arm in which the subjects were given platelets if the morning platelet count was less than 20×10~9/L or if bleeding) , and the group B was observation group (which included subjects who received platelet if the morning count of platelet was lower than 10×10~9/L), compare the frequency and quantity of the platelet transfusions、sexes、nationality、the type of sickness、bleeding situation、the improvement and control of clinical bleeding symptom、and the rates of adverse reactions of platelet transfusions. Results:First, the two groups had no distinct differences in the sexes、nationality、the type of sickness ,and the quantity、the frequency of platelet transfusions, too. Second, the light bleeding events were significantly different between group A and group B, the severe bleeding events were not significantly different between group A and group B, and the clinical bleeding symptom had been effectively controlled and improved. Third, the rates of adverse reactions of platelet transfusions were not significantly different between group A and group B. Conclusion:The childhood patients of group A and group B who under no invasive procedures by a 10×10~9 /L prophylactic platelet transfusion is safe.
引文
[1] Leytin V,Allen D,Gwozdz A,et al. Role of platelet surface glycoprotein lba and P-slectin in the clearance of transfused platelet concentrates[J]. Transfusion, 2004,44(10):1487-1495.
[2] Brecher ME.The platelet prophylactic transfusion trigger:when expectations meet reality[J]. Transfusion, 2007,47(2):177-191.
[3] Gaydos LA,Freich EJ,Mantel N.The quantitative relation between platelet count and hemorrhage in patient acute leukemia.N Engl [J]. Med, 1962, 266(3):905-909.
[4] Blajchman, M.A. Substitutes and alternatives to platelet transfu- sions in thrombocytopenic patients[J]. Thromb Haemost, 2003,1(7): 1637—1641.
[5] Choudhry,V. P. Platelet therapy [J]. Indian J Pediatr, 2002, 69(9): 779—83.
[6] Tinmouth, A. T, Freedman. J. Prophylactic platelet transfusions: which dose is the best dose? A review of the literature [J]. Transfus Med Rev, 2003, 17 (3) : 181—193.
[7] Lawrence JB, Yomtovian RA , Hammon T, et al. Lowering the prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold :a prospective analysis Leuk Lymphoma , 2001 ,41 (1～2) :67.
[8] Rebulla P,Finazzi G, Marangoni F, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 1997, 337: 1870-1875.
[9] Heckman KD, W einer GJ, Davis CS, et al. Randomized study of prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold during induction therapy for adult acute leukemia: 10 000/ul versus 20 000/ul[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1997, 15:1143-1149.
[10] Wandt H, Frank M, Ehninger G, et al. Safety and cost effectiveness of a 10×109/ul trigger for prophylactic platelet transfusions compared with the traditional 20×109/ul trigger: a prospective comparative trial in 105patients with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood, 1998, 91:3601-3606.
[11] Wandt H, Frank M, Gramatzk iM, et al. Safety of the 10 000/ul trigger for prophylactic platelet transfusion: prospective multicenter experience in 734 patients with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood, 2000, 96 (supp l) : 3536a.
[12]汪声恒.急性白血病患者预防性血小板输注的阈值[J].白血病·淋巴瘤, 2004, 13( 3) : 181.
[13] Ronald G,Strauss.Pretransfusion trigger platelet counts and dose for prophylactic platelet transfusions[J]. Curr Opin Hematol, 2005, 12:499-502.
[14] Lawrence J B, Yomtovian R A, Hammons T, et al. Lowering the prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold: a prospective analysis[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2001, 41(1- 2): 67-76.
[15] Callow C R, Swindell R, Randall W, et al. The frequency of bleeding complications in patients with haematological malignancy following the introduction of a stringent prophylactic platelet transfusion policy[J]. Br J Haematol, 2002, 118(2): 677- 682.
[16] Eikenboom J C J, van Wordragen R, Brand A. Compliance with prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger in haematologic patients[J]. Transfusion Medicine, 2005, 15(1): 45-48.
[17]刘会兰,孙自敏,朱微波,等.成人急性髓细胞白血病血小板输注阈值的探讨[J].临床输血与检验, 2002, 4 (3): 21-23.
[18] Slichter SJ. Evidence based platelet transfusion guidelines[J]. Hematology, 2007:172-178.
[19] Schiffer CA, Anderson KC, Bennett CL, et al. Platelet transfusions for patients with cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19:1510-1538.
[20] Stanworth SJ, Hyde C, Heddle N, et al. Prophylactic platelet transfusion for haemorrhage after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (Review) [J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, 4:4269.
[21] Stanworth SJ, Hyde C, Brunskill S, et al. Platelet transfusion prophylaxis for patients with haematological malignancies: where to now? [J]. Br J Haematol, 2005, 131:588-595.
[22]竺晓凡.小儿血液学[M].天津科学技术出版社, 2005.
[23]王芳,贺冠强,孙汉英.基于循证医学的血小板输注指南—2007年美国ASH血小板输注指南介绍[J].内科急危重症杂志, 2008, 14(2):109-112.
[24]任蓉,田兆嵩.婴幼儿和儿童的血小板输注[J].中国输血杂志, 2005, 18(4):353-357.
[25] Beutler E. Platelet transfusions: the 20, 000 /microL trigger[J]. Blood, 1993, 81(6): 1411- 1413.
[26] British Committee for Standards in Haematology,Blood Transfusion Task Force. Guidelines for the use of platelet transfusions[J]. Br J Haematol, 2003, 122(1):10- 23.
[27] Zumberg M S, del Rosario M L, Nejame C F, et al. A prospective randomized trial of prophylactic platelet transfusion and bleeding incidence in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients:10, 000 /L versus 20, 000 /microL threshold[J]. Biol BloodMarrow Transplant, 2002, 8(10): 569- 576.
[28] Howard SC, Gajjar A ,Ribeiro RC, et al. Safety of lumbar puncture for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and thrombocytopenia[J]. JAMA, 2000, 284(17): 2222.
[29]嵇月红,孙海英,黄一虹,等.血小板输注治疗急性白血病患者55例应用分析[J].中国输血杂志, 2004, 17 (4): 261.
[30]魏晴,田兆嵩.血小板的临床应用[J].中国输血杂志, (2008)09-732-03.
[1] Sulivan MT,Cotton R, Read EJ, et al. Blood collection and transfusion in the United States in 2001[J]. Transfusion, 2007, 47(3): 385-394.
[2]竺晓凡.小儿血液学[M]..天津:天津科学技术出版社, 2005.
[3]袁丽,彭涛,徐峰.新鲜机采血小板的临床疗效与分析[J].中国实用医药, 2008, 3(30): 52-53.
[4]嵇月红,孙海英,黄一虹,等.血小板输注治疗急性白血病患者55例应用分析[J].中国输血杂志, 2004, 17 (4): 261.
[5]魏晴,田兆嵩.血小板的临床应用[J].中国输血杂志, 2008, 21(9): 732-734.
[6]吴竹林,左祝华.造血干细胞移植患者的输血治疗进展[J].透析与人工器官, 2005, 16(3): 1-5.
[7]廖清奎.出凝血疾病时凝血因子及血小板输注问题[J].中国实用儿科杂志, 1994, 9(4): 216.
[8]朱尊民,张琳,杨靖,等.单采血小板输注及血小板抗体检测的意义[J].中国输血杂志, 2002, 15 (1) : 36.
[9]李大鹏,徐学芳,任红,等.血细胞分离机采集单个供血者血小板的临床运用[J].中国输血杂志, 2002, 15 (1) : 37.
[10]阎石,韩平,陈稚勇.血小板输注无效的临床问题[J].中华血液学杂志, 1993, 14 (12) : 659.
[11]伍曼义,杨慧敏等.血小板输注的临床效果[J].中国小儿血液学, 2000, 5(1): 5-7.
[12]王芳,贺冠强,孙汉英.基于循证医学的血小板输注指南—2007年美国ASH血小板输注指南介绍[J].内科急危重症杂志, 2008, 14(2): 109-112.
[13] Leytin V, Allen D, Gwozdz A, et al. Role of platelet surface glycoprotein lba and P-slectin in the clearance of transfused platelet concentrates[J]. Transfusion, 2004, 44(10): 1487-1495.
[14] Brecher ME. The platelet prophylactic transfusion trigger: when expectations meet reality[J]. Transfusion, 2007, 47(2): 177-191.
[15]张亚莉,王建,李敏.血小板的临床应用[J].延安大学学报(医学科学版), 2007, 5(3): 61.
[16]张学军.血液病患者血小板输注的临床分析.中外医疗, 1674-0742 2009, 02(b)-0060-01.
[17] Gaydos LA, Freich EJ, Mantel N. The quantitative relation between platelet count and hemorrhage in patient acute leukemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 1962, 266(3): 905-909.
[18] Beutler E. Platelet transfusions: the 20,000/mL trigger. Blood, 1993, 81: 1411-1413.
[19] Rebulla P, Finazzi G, Marangoni F, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 1997, 337: 1870-1875.
[20] Ronald G,Strauss.Pretransfusion trigger platelet counts and dose for prophylactic platelet transfusions[J]. Curr Opin Hemato, 2005, 12: 499-502.
[21] Lawrence J B, Yomtovian R A, Hammons T, et al. Lowering the prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold: a prospective analysis [J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2001, 41(1- 2): 67-76.
[22] Callow C R, Swindell R, Randall W, et al. The frequency of bleeding complications in patients with haematological malignancy following the introduction of a stringent prophylactic platelet transfusion policy[J]. Br J Haematol, 2002, 118(2): 677- 682.
[23] Eikenboom J C J, van Wordragen R, Brand A. Compliance with prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger in haematologic patients[J]. Transfusion Medicine, 2005, 15(1): 45-48.
[24]刘会兰,孙自敏,朱微波,等.成人急性髓细胞白血病血小板输注阈值的探讨[J].临床输血与检验, 2002, 4 (3): 21-23.
[25] Slichter SJ. Evidence based platelet transfusion guidelines[J]. Hematology, 2007: 172-178.
[26] Schiffer CA, Anderson KC, Bennett CL, et al. Platelet transfusions for patients with cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19: 1510-1538.
[27] Stanworth SJ, Hyde C, Heddle N, et al. Prophylactic platelet transfusion for haemorrhage after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, 4: 4269.
[28] Stanworth SJ, Hyde C, Brunskill S, et al. Platelet transfusion prophylaxis for patients with haematological malignancies: where to now? [J]. Br J Haematol, 2005, 131: 588-595.
[29]任蓉,田兆嵩.婴幼儿和儿童的血小板输注.中国输血杂志, 2005, 18(4): 353-357.
[30] Petz LD, Garratty G, Calhoun L, et al. Selecting donors of platelets for refractory patients on the basis of HLA antibody specificity[J]. Transfusions, 2000, 40(12): 1446-1456.
[31] Goodnough LT, Kuter DJ, Cullough J, et al. Prophylactic platelet transfusion from healthy apheresis platelet donors undergoing treatment with thrombopoietin[J]. Blood, 2001, 98(5): 1346-1351.
[2] Brecher ME.The platelet prophylactic transfusion trigger:when expectations meet reality[J]. Transfusion, 2007,47(2):177-191.
[3] Gaydos LA,Freich EJ,Mantel N.The quantitative relation between platelet count and hemorrhage in patient acute leukemia.N Engl [J]. Med, 1962, 266(3):905-909.
[4] Blajchman, M.A. Substitutes and alternatives to platelet transfu- sions in thrombocytopenic patients[J]. Thromb Haemost, 2003,1(7): 1637—1641.
[5] Choudhry,V. P. Platelet therapy [J]. Indian J Pediatr, 2002, 69(9): 779—83.
[6] Tinmouth, A. T, Freedman. J. Prophylactic platelet transfusions: which dose is the best dose? A review of the literature [J]. Transfus Med Rev, 2003, 17 (3) : 181—193.
[7] Lawrence JB, Yomtovian RA , Hammon T, et al. Lowering the prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold :a prospective analysis Leuk Lymphoma , 2001 ,41 (1～2) :67.
[8] Rebulla P,Finazzi G, Marangoni F, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 1997, 337: 1870-1875.
[9] Heckman KD, W einer GJ, Davis CS, et al. Randomized study of prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold during induction therapy for adult acute leukemia: 10 000/ul versus 20 000/ul[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1997, 15:1143-1149.
[10] Wandt H, Frank M, Ehninger G, et al. Safety and cost effectiveness of a 10×109/ul trigger for prophylactic platelet transfusions compared with the traditional 20×109/ul trigger: a prospective comparative trial in 105patients with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood, 1998, 91:3601-3606.
[11] Wandt H, Frank M, Gramatzk iM, et al. Safety of the 10 000/ul trigger for prophylactic platelet transfusion: prospective multicenter experience in 734 patients with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood, 2000, 96 (supp l) : 3536a.
[12]汪声恒.急性白血病患者预防性血小板输注的阈值[J].白血病·淋巴瘤, 2004, 13( 3) : 181.
[13] Ronald G,Strauss.Pretransfusion trigger platelet counts and dose for prophylactic platelet transfusions[J]. Curr Opin Hematol, 2005, 12:499-502.
[14] Lawrence J B, Yomtovian R A, Hammons T, et al. Lowering the prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold: a prospective analysis[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2001, 41(1- 2): 67-76.
[15] Callow C R, Swindell R, Randall W, et al. The frequency of bleeding complications in patients with haematological malignancy following the introduction of a stringent prophylactic platelet transfusion policy[J]. Br J Haematol, 2002, 118(2): 677- 682.
[16] Eikenboom J C J, van Wordragen R, Brand A. Compliance with prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger in haematologic patients[J]. Transfusion Medicine, 2005, 15(1): 45-48.
[17]刘会兰,孙自敏,朱微波,等.成人急性髓细胞白血病血小板输注阈值的探讨[J].临床输血与检验, 2002, 4 (3): 21-23.
[18] Slichter SJ. Evidence based platelet transfusion guidelines[J]. Hematology, 2007:172-178.
[19] Schiffer CA, Anderson KC, Bennett CL, et al. Platelet transfusions for patients with cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19:1510-1538.
[20] Stanworth SJ, Hyde C, Heddle N, et al. Prophylactic platelet transfusion for haemorrhage after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (Review) [J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, 4:4269.
[21] Stanworth SJ, Hyde C, Brunskill S, et al. Platelet transfusion prophylaxis for patients with haematological malignancies: where to now? [J]. Br J Haematol, 2005, 131:588-595.
[22]竺晓凡.小儿血液学[M].天津科学技术出版社, 2005.
[23]王芳,贺冠强,孙汉英.基于循证医学的血小板输注指南—2007年美国ASH血小板输注指南介绍[J].内科急危重症杂志, 2008, 14(2):109-112.
[24]任蓉,田兆嵩.婴幼儿和儿童的血小板输注[J].中国输血杂志, 2005, 18(4):353-357.
[25] Beutler E. Platelet transfusions: the 20, 000 /microL trigger[J]. Blood, 1993, 81(6): 1411- 1413.
[26] British Committee for Standards in Haematology,Blood Transfusion Task Force. Guidelines for the use of platelet transfusions[J]. Br J Haematol, 2003, 122(1):10- 23.
[27] Zumberg M S, del Rosario M L, Nejame C F, et al. A prospective randomized trial of prophylactic platelet transfusion and bleeding incidence in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients:10, 000 /L versus 20, 000 /microL threshold[J]. Biol BloodMarrow Transplant, 2002, 8(10): 569- 576.
[28] Howard SC, Gajjar A ,Ribeiro RC, et al. Safety of lumbar puncture for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and thrombocytopenia[J]. JAMA, 2000, 284(17): 2222.
[29]嵇月红,孙海英,黄一虹,等.血小板输注治疗急性白血病患者55例应用分析[J].中国输血杂志, 2004, 17 (4): 261.
[30]魏晴,田兆嵩.血小板的临床应用[J].中国输血杂志, (2008)09-732-03.
[1] Sulivan MT,Cotton R, Read EJ, et al. Blood collection and transfusion in the United States in 2001[J]. Transfusion, 2007, 47(3): 385-394.
[2]竺晓凡.小儿血液学[M]..天津:天津科学技术出版社, 2005.
[3]袁丽,彭涛,徐峰.新鲜机采血小板的临床疗效与分析[J].中国实用医药, 2008, 3(30): 52-53.
[4]嵇月红,孙海英,黄一虹,等.血小板输注治疗急性白血病患者55例应用分析[J].中国输血杂志, 2004, 17 (4): 261.
[5]魏晴,田兆嵩.血小板的临床应用[J].中国输血杂志, 2008, 21(9): 732-734.
[6]吴竹林,左祝华.造血干细胞移植患者的输血治疗进展[J].透析与人工器官, 2005, 16(3): 1-5.
[7]廖清奎.出凝血疾病时凝血因子及血小板输注问题[J].中国实用儿科杂志, 1994, 9(4): 216.
[8]朱尊民,张琳,杨靖,等.单采血小板输注及血小板抗体检测的意义[J].中国输血杂志, 2002, 15 (1) : 36.
[9]李大鹏,徐学芳,任红,等.血细胞分离机采集单个供血者血小板的临床运用[J].中国输血杂志, 2002, 15 (1) : 37.
[10]阎石,韩平,陈稚勇.血小板输注无效的临床问题[J].中华血液学杂志, 1993, 14 (12) : 659.
[11]伍曼义,杨慧敏等.血小板输注的临床效果[J].中国小儿血液学, 2000, 5(1): 5-7.
[12]王芳,贺冠强,孙汉英.基于循证医学的血小板输注指南—2007年美国ASH血小板输注指南介绍[J].内科急危重症杂志, 2008, 14(2): 109-112.
[13] Leytin V, Allen D, Gwozdz A, et al. Role of platelet surface glycoprotein lba and P-slectin in the clearance of transfused platelet concentrates[J]. Transfusion, 2004, 44(10): 1487-1495.
[14] Brecher ME. The platelet prophylactic transfusion trigger: when expectations meet reality[J]. Transfusion, 2007, 47(2): 177-191.
[15]张亚莉,王建,李敏.血小板的临床应用[J].延安大学学报(医学科学版), 2007, 5(3): 61.
[16]张学军.血液病患者血小板输注的临床分析.中外医疗, 1674-0742 2009, 02(b)-0060-01.
[17] Gaydos LA, Freich EJ, Mantel N. The quantitative relation between platelet count and hemorrhage in patient acute leukemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 1962, 266(3): 905-909.
[18] Beutler E. Platelet transfusions: the 20,000/mL trigger. Blood, 1993, 81: 1411-1413.
[19] Rebulla P, Finazzi G, Marangoni F, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 1997, 337: 1870-1875.
[20] Ronald G,Strauss.Pretransfusion trigger platelet counts and dose for prophylactic platelet transfusions[J]. Curr Opin Hemato, 2005, 12: 499-502.
[21] Lawrence J B, Yomtovian R A, Hammons T, et al. Lowering the prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold: a prospective analysis [J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2001, 41(1- 2): 67-76.
[22] Callow C R, Swindell R, Randall W, et al. The frequency of bleeding complications in patients with haematological malignancy following the introduction of a stringent prophylactic platelet transfusion policy[J]. Br J Haematol, 2002, 118(2): 677- 682.
[23] Eikenboom J C J, van Wordragen R, Brand A. Compliance with prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger in haematologic patients[J]. Transfusion Medicine, 2005, 15(1): 45-48.
[24]刘会兰,孙自敏,朱微波,等.成人急性髓细胞白血病血小板输注阈值的探讨[J].临床输血与检验, 2002, 4 (3): 21-23.
[25] Slichter SJ. Evidence based platelet transfusion guidelines[J]. Hematology, 2007: 172-178.
[26] Schiffer CA, Anderson KC, Bennett CL, et al. Platelet transfusions for patients with cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19: 1510-1538.
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